Strong Correlation and Superconductivity: Proceedings of the IBM Japan International Symposium, Mt. Fuji, Japan, 21–25 May, 1989 PDF
Preview Strong Correlation and Superconductivity: Proceedings of the IBM Japan International Symposium, Mt. Fuji, Japan, 21–25 May, 1989
89 Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences Edited by Peter Fulde and K. Alex Muller Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences Editors: M. Cardona P. Fulde K. von Klitzing H.-J. Queisser Managing Editor: H. K. V. Lotsch Volumes 1-49 are listed on the back inside cover 50 Multiple Diffraction of X-Rays in Crystals 69 Nonlinearity in Condensed Matter By Shih-Lin Chang Editors: A.R. Bishop, D.K. Campbell, 51 Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter P. Kumar. and S.E. Trullinger Editors: W. Eisenmenger. K. LaBmann, 70 From Hamiltonians to Phase Diagrams and S. Dbttinger The Electronic and Statistical-Mechanical 52 Superconductivity in Magnetic and Exotic Theory of sp-Bonded Metals and Alloys Materials By J. Hafner Editors: T. Matsubara and A. Kotani 71 High Magnetic Fields in Semicondnctor Physics 53 Two-Dimensional Systems, Heterostructures, Editor: G. Landwehr and Superlattices 72 One-Dimensional Conductors Editors: G. Bauer, F. Kuchar, and H. Heinrich By S. Kagoshima, H. Nagasawa, 54 Magnetic Excitations and Fluctuations and T. Sambongi Editors: S. Lovesey, U. Balucani, F. Borsa. 73 Quantum Solid-State Physics and V. Tognctti Editors: S. V. Vonsovsky and M.1. Katsnelson 55 The Theory of Magnetism II 74 Quantum Monte Carlo Methods in Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics and Nonequilibrium Systems By D. C. Mattis Editor: M. Suzuki 56 Spin Fluctuations in Itinerant Electron 75 Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Magnetism By T. Moriya Semiconductors 57 Poly crystalline Semiconductors, By M. L. Cohen and J. R. Chelikowsky Physical Properties and Applications 76 Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers Editor: G. Harbeke Editors: H. Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and S. Roth 58 The Recursion Method and Its Applications 77 Fermi Surface Effects Editors: D. Pettifor and D. Weaire Editors: J. Kondo and A. Yoshimori 59 Dynamical Processes and 78 Group Theory and Its Applications in Physics Ordering on Solid Surfaces By T. lnui. Y. Tanabe, and Y. Onodera Editors: A. Yoshimori and M. Tsukada 79 Elementary Excitations in Quantum Fluids 60 Excitonic Processes iu Solids Editors: K. Ohbayashi and M. Watabe By M. Ueta, H. Kanzaki, K. Kobayashi. 80 Monte Carlo Simnlation in Statistical Physics Y. Toyozawa, and E. Hanamura An Introduction 61 Localization, Interaction, and By K. Binder and D. W. Heermann Transport Phenomena 81 Core-Level Spectroscopy in Condensed Systems Editors: B. Kramer, G. Bergmann. Editors: J. Kanamori and A. Kotani and Y. Bruynseraede 82 Introduction to Photoemission Spectroscopy 62 Theory of Heavy Fermions By S. Hufner and Valence Fluctuations Editors: T. Kasuya and T. Saso 83 Physics and Technology of Submicron Structures Editors: H. Heinrich, G. Bauer, and F. Kuchar 63 Electronic Properties of Polymers aud Related Compounds 84 Beyond the Crystalline State Editors: H. Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and S. Roth An Emerging Perspective 64 Symmetries in Physics Group Theory By G. Venkataraman, D. Sahoo, and Applied to Physical Problems V. Balakrishnan By W. Ludwig and C. Falter 85 The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect 65 Phonons: Theory and Experiments II Properties of an Incompressible Quantum Fluid Experiments and Interpretation of By T. Chakraborty and P. Pietiliiinen Experimental Results By P. Bruesch 86 The Quantum Statistics of Dynamic Processes 66 Phonons: Theory and Experiments III By E. Fick and G. Sauermann Phenomena Related to Phonons 87 High Magnetic Fields in Semiconductor Physics II By P. Bruesch Transport and Optics Editor: G. Landwehr 67 Two-Dimensional Systems: Physics 88 Organic Superconductors and New Devices By T. Ishiguro and K. Yamaji Editors: G. Bauer. F. Kuchar, and H. Heinrich 89 Strong Correlation and Superconductivity 68 Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter V Editors: H. Fukuyama, S. Maekawa, and Editors: A. C. Anderson and J. P. Wolfe A. P. Malozemoff Strong Correlation and Superconductivity Proceedings of the IBM Japan International Symposium, Mt. Fuji, Japan, 21-25 May, 1989 Editors: H. Fukuyama, S. Maekawa, and A. P. Malozemoff With 198 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Professor H. Fukuyama Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minatu-ku Tokyo 106, Japan Professor S. Maekawa Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Dr. A. P. Malozemoff IBM, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598-0218, USA Guest Editor: Professor Dr. h. c. mult. K. Alex Muller IBM, Zurich Research Lab., CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland Series Editors: Professor Dr., Dres. h. c. Manuel Cardona Professor Dr., Dr. h. c. Peter Fulde Professor Dr., Dr. h. c. Klaus von Klitzing Professor Dr. Hans-Joachim Queisser Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-7000 Stuttgart 80, Fed. Rep. of Germany Managing Editor: Dr. Helmut K. V. Lotsch Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17, D-6900 Heidelberg, Fed. Rep. of Germany ISBN-13:978-3-642-83838-5 e-ISBN-13 :978-3-642-83836-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-83836-1 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions ofthe German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24,1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2154/3150-543210-Printed on acid-free paper Preface This volume contains the proceedings of the ffiM Japan International Sympo sium on Strong Correlation and Superconductivity, which was held in Keidan ren Guest House at the foot of Mt. Fuji, May 21-25, 1989. The purpose of the Symposium was to provide an opportunity for discus sions on the problem of strong correlation of electrons in the context of high-Tc superconductivity. Sixty-eight scientists were invited from seven countries and forty-three papers were presented in the Symposium. Soon after the discovery ofhigh-Tc superconducting oxides, Professor P.W. Anderson proposed that the essence of high-Tc superconductivity lies in the strong correlation among the electrons in these materials. This proposal has stimulated a wide range of theoretical investigations on this profound and dif ficult problem, which are expected to lead eventually to new concepts describ ing strong electron correlation. In the Symposium, Anderson himself started lively discussions by his talk entitled "Myth and Reality in High-Tc Supercon ductivity", which was followed by various reports on theoretical studies and experimental results. Concise and thoughtful summaries of experiment and theory were given by Professors H.R. Ott and P.A. Lee, respectively. It is our hope that this volume reflects the present status of the research activity on this outstanding problem from the viewpoint of the basic physics and that it will further stimulate the effort to understand these fascinating systems, the high-Tc oxides. We would like to thank all participants, who made the Symposium very stimulating. In the process of identifying its scope and forming the program, we received valuable advice from the members of the advisory committee: Professor P.W. Anderson of Princeton University, Dr. L. Esaki of the ffiM Watson Research Center and Professor R. Kubo of Keio University, to whom we are deeply indebted. Last but not least, on behalf of all participants, we would like to express our sm6ere gratitude to ffiM Japan for its financial and organizational support which made this symposium possible, and to its mem bers, Mr. T. Takeda, Mr. S. Ohno and Mr. A. Nemoto, who so attentively and finely steered every detail of the unforgettable gathering. Additional thanks are due to the authors of the manuscripts in this volume, especially for their promptness, which made the rapid publication possible. June, 1989 H. Fukuyama S.Maekawa A.P. MalozemoJf v Conference Organization Advisory Committee P.W. Anderson (Princeton University) L. Esaki (IBM, TJ. Watson Research Center) R. Kubo (Keio University) Executive Committee H. Fukuyama (ISSP, University of Tokyo) S. Maekawa (Nagoya University) A.P. Malozemoff (IBM, TJ. Watson Research Center) Secretariat T. Takeda (IBM Japan) S.Ohno (IBM Japan) A. Nemoto (IBM Japan) VI Word of Welcome by Leo Esaki Ladies and Gentlemen, As a Board Member of mM Japan and one of the organizers of this meeting, I am honored to welcome all of you coming to this mM Japan Symposium on Strong Correlation and Superconductivity. I am particularly happy to see many overseas participants~ Looking back on the 1980s one can see a few remarkable achievements which are considered milestones in solid-state physics research. In the semi conductor area, the quantized Hall effect, including the observation of fractional quantization, in the two-dimensional electronic system, and the evolution of synthesized superlattices, quantum wells, wires and dots, perhaps, belong to this category. In surface physics, the development of the scanning tunneling microscope made a profound impact on understanding the surface structure by unprecedented visualization. One of the most recent examples is obviously the discovery of new superconducting rare-earth copper oxides by Bednorz and Milller, which has sparked intensive world-wide investigations of these heavily-doped semiconductor-like materials because they exhibit remarkably high transition temperatures. We notice that the time interval between their 1986 discovery at ZUrich and the 1987 Nobel Prize at Stockholm was very short. This indeed reflects the accelerated pace of scientific progress, where international exchange has played a significant role. Today, one of the most focused efforts in the physics community is the search for new mechanisms to account for such high transition temperatures with anomalously small isotope effects. The scope of this symposium is pre cisely along this line. In this context, P.W. Anderson first pointed out that superconductivity could occur near a metal-insulator transition, where the insu lating phase is the resonating-valence-bond (RVB) state which he hypothesized in 1973. Since then, this inspiring proposal has been at the center of excited the oretical discussions. H. Fukuyarna and S. Maekawa, who have been stimulated by this work of Anderson, were instrumental in organizing this symposium. I must say that Japan is a most suitable country in which to hold this sym posium because it is a country that consists of a strongly correlated human system. A few years ago, I wrote a casual article entitled "Why the West Mis reads Japan" [The Bridge 14,2 (1984), a publication of NAB]. In this article, I pointed out that this group-conscious society generates a kind of collective mode in industry and government and even in academia to perform work, which VII you do not see often in the West. One may call this the Japanese mode. I would like to quote from the article: "This tenn may be explained more precisely by using the analogy of phe nomena in solid-state physics. Long ago physicists figured out how to explain elementary processes involving a limited number of particles such as interac tions among a few charged particles, gravitational motion of the solar system, etc. Contemporary solid-state physicists, however, are more interested in un derstanding cooperative phenomena caused by a large number of particles - a collective group. Intriguing phenomena such as superconductivity ... cannot occur except in a collective mode. Let us call the fonner (elementary pro cess) the single-particle effect and the latter the many-body effect. It is the many-body effect that predominates in Japanese society, where the constitu tive individuals are modified in their behavior and the whole is more than the simple sum of its parts. The homogeneity and high density of Japan's popu lation certainly help to promote cooperative interactions. In the United States, the single-particle effect plays a dominant role. The United States was built largely by outstanding individual personalities." In short, I am saying that you can see a room-temperature superconducting mode in the Japanese society. Now, I should mention that this seminar house is owned by the powerful Keidanren, Federation of Japanese industrial giants, the spiritual center of this superconducting mode. Some Americans say that these finns, with little basic research, are innovative challengers to U.S. companies. Nevertheless, they built this house for their people to discuss difficult problems in their strongly correlated systems. I am sure you will agree with me that this is a most ideal place to have a lively discussion on Strong Correlation and Superconductivity. IT they always reach a successful conclusion in discussions here, why shouldn't we too? Before closing my talk, I would like to express my gratitude to all members of the Advisory and Executive Committees for their efforts, particularly, A.P. Malozemoff on the U.S. side and A. Nemoto on the Japan side for their handling of major and minor technical matters. I hope fruitful discussions will take place during the symposium and also hope all of you enjoy your stay in Japan. VIII Contents Part I Overview Myth and Reality in High-Tc Superconductivity By P.W. Anderson ................................... 2 Part II Theory Recent Advances in the Stability and Properties of Commensurate Flux Phases By P. Lederer, D. Poilblanc, and T.M. Rice .................. 16 U(I) Gauge Field, t'-J Model and Superconductivity By P.A. Lee ....................................... 23 Spectroscopic and Theoretical Estimates of Parameters in Model Hamiltonians Describing the High and Low Energy Scale Physics of Doped Cu02 Planes By L.H. Tjeng, H. Eskes, and G.A. Sawatzky (With 3 Figures) 33 Effective Hamiltonian for High-T c Cu Oxides By H. Fukuyama and H. Matsukawa (With 7 Figures) 45 The Madelung Energy of CU-O Based Compounds By J. Kondo (With 3 Figures) ........................... 57 Electronic Properties in the Cu-Oxide Superconductors By S. Maekawa, J. Inoue, and T. Tohyama (With 9 Figures) ....... 66 Core-Level Spectroscopy in High-T c Superconducting Materials By A. Kotani, K. Okada, S. Tanaka, and Y. Seino (With 8 Figures) 77 Dispersive Single-Particle Excitations in Strongly Correlated Two Dimensional Systems By Y. Kuramoto and H.J. Schmidt (With 3 Figures) ............ 88 Magnetism and Superconductivity in Strongly Correlated Systems in One and Two Dimensions By M. Imada (With 3 Figures) ........................... 98 Characteristics of the Charged Hole in the One-Dimensional Mott Insulator By N. Kawakami and A. Okiji (With 3 Figures) ............... 105 IX On the Application of Projection Techniques to the Electron Correlation Problem By K.W. Becker and P. Fulde (With 2 Figures) ............... 115 Slave-Fermion Mean Field Theory of the Hubbard Model By D. Yoshioka (With 3 Figures) ......................... 124 Disorder and Interactions in the Hubbard Model By G.T. Zimanyi and E. Abrahams ........................ 132 Characteristic Features of Electronic States in High-T c Superconducting Oxides By M. Tachiki (With 3 Figures) .......................... 138 Anderson Lattice Model of High-T c Superconductors By D.M. Newns and P.e. Pattnaik (With 16 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . .. 146 Quasi-Particles in the Degenerate Lattice Anderson Model By Y. Kuroda, Y. Ono, T. Matsuura, and H. Jichu (With 4 Figures) 167 Experimental Constraints and Theory of Layered High-Tc Superconductors By T. Schneider and M. Frick (With 5 Figures) ............... 176 Part III Experiments Physical Properties of High-Tc Oxide Superconductors - Effect of Doping on the Electronic State By S. Uchida, H. Takagi, Y. Tokura, N. Koshihara, and T. Arima (With 9 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 194 Andreev Reflection, Thermal Conductivity, Torque Magnetometry, and Hall Effect Studies on High-Tc Systems By N.P. Ong, T.W. Jing, Z.Z. Wang, J. Clayhold, S.J. Hagen, and T.R. Chien (With 6 Figures) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 204 Resistive State and Hall Effect in High-Tc Superconductors By Y. lye (With 10 Figures) ............................ 213 Raman Probing of Electronic Gap Excitations and Their Coupling to Phonons in High-Tc Superconductors By M.V. Klein, S.L. Cooper, F. Slakey, J.P. Rice, E.D. Bukowski, and D.M. Ginsberg (With 6 Figures) ....................... 226 Magnetic Correlations in High-T c Oxides in the Superconducting State By G. Shirane (With 7 Figures) .......................... 236 NMR Studies of YBa2Cu307_8 (Tc = 90 K) By D.J. Durand, S.E. Barrett, e.H. Pennington, e.P. Slichter, E.D. Bukowski, T.A. Friedmann, J.P. Rice, and D.M. Ginsberg (With 5 Figures) ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 244 x
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