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STRINGS, BRANES AND GRAVITY I Editors Jeffrey Harvey Shamit Kachru Eva Silverstei World Scientific STRINGS, BRANES AND GRAVITY TASI 99 STRINGS, BRANES AND GRAVITY TASI99 Boulder, Colorado, USA 31 May - 25 June 1999 Editors Jeffrey Harvey University of Chicago, USA Shamit Kachru Stanford University and SLAC, USA Eva Silverstein Stanford University and SLAC, USA V fe World Scientific mk NNeeww J Jeerrsseeyy • LoLnodnodno n• 'SSiinnggaappoorree '• Hong Kong Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. P O Box 128, Fairer Road, Singapore 912805 USA office: Suite IB, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. STRINGS, BRANES AND GRAVITY Lecture Notes of TASI1999 Copyright © 2001 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-02-4774-5 Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers FOREWORD The Theoretical Advanced Study Institute (TASI) in Elementary Particle Physics has been held every summer since 1984, and since 1989 at the Univer sity of Colorado in Boulder. It is aimed at advanced graduate students in the broad areas of string theory, phenomenological particle theory, and particle as trophysics. The lecture note series have been in great demand for many years after their publication, as a reference for students, researchers, and teachers. Many of the topics presented at the TASI 99 Summer School were an outgrowth of the spectacular new understanding of duality in string theory which emerged around 1995. These include the AdS/CFT correspondence and its relation to holography, the Matrix Theory formulation of M theory, the structure of black holes in string theory, the structure of D-branes and M-branes, and detailed development of dualities with N = 1 and N = 2 supersymmetry. In addition there were lectures covering experimental and phenomenological aspects of the the Standard Model and its extensions, and lectures on cosmology including both theoretical aspects and the exciting new experimental evidence for a non-zero cosmological constant. All the lectures of the Summer School are reproduced here, with the fol lowing exceptions. The material covered by J. Maldacena and H. Ooguri has already appeared elsewhere as part of a comprehensive review of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In addition, M. Peskin, R van Kooten, R. Dijkgraaf, S. Perl- mutter, J. Harvey and E. Silverstein were unable to provide manuscripts. We are grateful to the lecturers for their participation in the Summer School, and we thank the students for their eager participation and questions. We also thank the following individuals who did much to contribute to the success of TASI 1999: • The general director K.T. Mahanthappa for his innumerable contribu tions to this and previous TASI schools. • Tom DeGrand for leading weekly hikes and making computers accessible to all TASI participants. • Kathy Oliver and Mary Dang for their invaluable secretarial assistance before and during TASI. • Mu-Chun Chen for her assistance in the daily operation of the Institute. • Tomeu Fiol, Robert McNees, and Yonatan Zunger for organizing the student seminars. v VI Partial support for the TASI program was provided by the United States National Science Foundation, the United States Department of Energy, and the University of Colorado. Jeffrey A. Harvey, Shamit Kachru, and Eva Silverstein June 15, 2001 CONTENTS Foreword v TASI Lectures on Branes, Black Holes and Anti-De Sitter Space 3 M. J. Duff D-Brane Primer 129 Clifford V. Johnson TASI Lectures on Black Holes in String Theory 353 Amanda W. Peet TASI Lectures: Cosmology for String Theorists 437 Sean M. Carroll TASI Lectures on Matrix Theory 495 Tom Banks TASI Lectures on M Theory Phenomenology 545 Michael Dine TASI Lectures: Introduction to the AdS/CFT Correspondence 615 Igor R. Klebanov TASI Lectures on Compactification and Duality 653 David R. Morrison Compactification, Geometry and Duality: N = 2 723 Paul S. Aspinwall TASI Lectures on Non-BPS D-Brane Systems 809 John H. Schwarz Lectures on Warped Compactincations and Stringy Brane 849 Constructions Shamit Kachru TASI Lectures on the Holographic Principle 883 Daniela Bigatti and Leonard Susskind 1. JingWang 11. Veronika Hubeny 21. ShamitKachru 31. Ma 2. Yeuk-Kwan Edna Cheung 12. Michael Peskin 22. Michael Dine 32. Mu 3. Nadiya Tkachuk 13. Mu-ChunChen 23. Eva Silverstein 33. Na 4. Michael Langham 14. Michael Schulz 24. InyongPark 34. Tu 5. EduardoLima 15. Mark Van Raamsdonk 25. Robert Karp 35. Sim 6. Bogdan Morariu 16. Michael Krasnitz 26. IosifBena 36. Le 7. Justin Vazquez-Poritz 17. Yang-HuiHe 27. YujunChen 37. Igo 8. LubosMotl 18. Stephon Alexander 28. Shanta deAlwis 38. Da 9. BartomeuFiol 19. Martijn Wijnholt 29. Nikolaos Irges 39. Yu 10. K. T. Mahanthappa 20. TamasHauer 30. Costin Popescu 40. K.

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Many of the topics in this book are outgrowths of the spectacular new understanding of duality in string theory which emerged around 1995. They include the AdS/CFT correspondence and its relation to holography, the matrix theory formulation of M theory, the structure of black holes in string theory,