Stringed Instruments of Ancient Greece

284 Pages·1989·14.273 MB·English

by  Martha Maas, Jane McIntosh Snyder

STRINGED INSTRUMENTS OF ANCIENT GREECE
Stringed Instruments
of
Ancient Greece
Martha Maas and Jane McIntosh Snyder
Yale University Press
New Haven and London
This book was published with the generous Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
assistance of Nicholas E. Kulukundis and Elias N.
Maas, Martha, 1934-
Kulukundis.
Stringed instruments of ancient Greece.
Bibliography: p.
Copyright € 1989 by Yale University.
All rights reserved. Includes index.
This book may not be reproduced, in whole 1. Musical instruments, Ancient— Greece.
or in part, in any form (beyond that 1. Snyder, Jane McIntosh. 11. Title.
copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 ML169.M2 1989 787'.00938 87-2103
of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by ISBN 0-300-03686-8 (alk. paper)
reviewers for the public press), without
written permission from the publishers,
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for
permanence and durability of the Committee on
Designed by James J. Johnson Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the
and set in Times Roman type by Council on Library Resources.
Brevis Press, Bethany, Connecticut.
Printed in the United States of America by
0987654321
Halliday Lithograph, West Hanover, Massachusetts.
Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Abbreviations of Classical Works
Homer and Before
The Archaic Period: New Things and Old
The Kithara in Classical Athens
The Chelys-Lyra in Classical Athens
The Barbitos in Classical Athens i
Harps and Unusual Lyres in Classical Athens
Late Classical and Early Hellenistic Stringed Instruments
t4омно»Aо Queлstionsо and Conclusions
Objects Mentioned
Notes
Bibliography
Index
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Illustrations
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CHAPTER ONE
pl. ХУІ, 1, by permission of the Dept. of Antiqui-
ties, Cyprus.
Athens 3908. Cycladic marble figure of harpist. 5a. Nicosia. Kaloriziki amphora. Detail: musician. Re-
Courtesy, National Archaeological Museum, Athens. printed from BSA 37 (1936-37), 71, fig. 7, by per-
Heraklion. Hagia Triadha sarcophagus. Detail: musi- mission of the Managing Committee of the British
cian in procession. Reprinted from von Matt and School at Athens.
Alexiou, Ancient Crete, by permission of Leonard 5b. Nicosia. Hubbard amphora. Detail: Musician with
von Matt, lyre, dancers. Reprinted from BSA 37 (1936-37),
2b. Khania XM 2308. Minoan pyxis. Detail: musician pl. 8b, by permission of the Managing Committee v
with lyre. Courtesy, Office of the Ephor of Prehisto- the British Schoo! at Athens.
ric and Classic Antiquities, Khania, Crete. Heraklion 2064. Bronze figurine of seated musician
Hagios Nikolaos. Amphora from Sitia. Detail: in- Reprinted from C. Davaras, Guide to Cretan Anti-
struments. Courtesy, Office of the Ephor of Prehisto- quities (1976), fig. 116, by permission of the Noyes
ric and Classical Antiquities, Hagios Nikolaos, Crete. Press, Park Ridge, N.J.
Location unknown. Seai stone from Knossos. Re- 7a. Tübingen 2657. Attic geometric amphora. Detail:
printed from Evans, The Palace of Minos, fig. 117, dancers with musician. Courtesy, Archáologisches v
by permission of Mark Paterson on behalf of the Sir stitut der Universitat Tübingen.
Arthur Evans Trust. Karatepe. Relief in Assyrian-Aramaic style. Lowe
Nauplia. Krater fragment from Nauplion. Musician register: procession of musicíans. Reprinted from E.
holding lyre. Reprinted from JHS Archaeological Re- Akurgal, Orient und Okzident, p. 131. бр. 32, by
Ports (1978-80), 30, fig. 53, by permission of the So- permission of the Holle Bildarchiv, Baden-Baden.
ciety for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Athens 18542. Attic geometric oinochoe. Detail:
Nauplia 14.376. Vase sherd from Tiryns. Musician seated musicians. Reprinted from Festschrift für
and instrument. Reprinted from E. Slenczka, Tiryns Friedrich Zucker (1954), pl. ХШ, by permission of
VII (1974), pl. 9.1d, by permission of the Deutsches Akademie- Verlag, Berlin.
Archáologisches Institut. Tegea. Bronze from the sanctuary of Athena Alea.
Athens 9063. Kylix fragment from Stafilos of Skope- Instrument. Courtesy, Ecole Francaise d'Archéolo-
los, Detail: instrument. Courtesy, National Archaeo- gie, Athens.
logica! Museum, Athens. Berlin Antikenmuseum 31573. Proto-Attic hydria.
Sparta. Bronze from the Amyklaion. Instrument. Re- Procession with musicians. Courtesy, Antikenmu-
printed by permission from L'Antiquité classique 4 seum, Staatliche Musecn Preussischer Kulturbesitz
(1935), pl. 7 no. 28. А Berlin.
Nicosia, Kouklia T. 9 по, 7. Cypriote geometric п. Dresden 1699. Geometric kantharos. Musician with
bowl, Detail: musician with instrument. Reprinted three female dancers. Courtesy, Staatliche Kunst-
from Karageorghis, Mycenaean Art from Cyprus, sammlungen Dresden.
vii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
10134... sNAKiAgpsataarettelhrcrei,earhmo :nptai nOseesar,gp osli relij e2o.ooosn39Anu gnh4t rpi . eRco c reuo hfadoFlfna l fir mde b etfae oomfhrMglnl ueOomuod s kimegisiznH cinnc ieolcgitdtHlua aahe ilmpnlentehop,s t tafi. ,Ain Bn M rdtaigAugse Rl ptsi;-lde.hhv eaAap eaerrrurl1nngc ayim3sdhemr7nH,.si ea,te v. p i er, oicf adAnt iCi t gBoof.sfhfauin trrered3y.lootln4e deemmd.n..s ,M - y uSCBEL,spob.a oaui ydNw—rr cA eaettikntreaau.is .nr yo r- ,n—ie ang l- 1101.. çDDAcfABtAHaeeitrikot.itlaohorsh aspnnemoteia ehLn polnli. sao: nad. G,n l . 'ArP di AOira 0MsNercre0Cwe rachfp.otcothaz3 hue.omué3ere a po0oetun.lFelMAensd ouout s ggnhysAfLiide,.abmraecn. nepon,,a dfMAgm h lo cl u orrApAoesrt.ltrMt h .aeihzue ao,eu,29s nn 2 m3eT.hs0, rDu i.3G eimg .rboCeah ,oyfo s Buu uAcF.rpprnoifAtey tu.nter cie“hsmhk fyEeoi.er,.fnsA na ”srs tg t.RiEhms eoVcBee,npaio n rsrltStBiee.oihonn f k st yFteMotovrodfhunoane snin. i a- -Nn d ase-,r
12. Munich 2243. Attic b.f. kylix. Detail: Theseus slay-
ChaPreR Two ing Minotaur. Courtesy, Staatliche Antikensammlun-
gen und Glyptothek, Munich. Photo: Christa
1. Bayrakli. Dinos sherd from Old Smyrna. Instrument. Koppermann.
Reprinted from Akurgal, Die Kunst Anatoliens 13а. Athens 313. Hydria from Analatos. Detail: musician
(1961). p. 15, fig. 3, by permission of Walter de in procession of men and women with branches.
Gruyter and Co., Berlin. Courtesy, National Archaeological Museum, Athens,
2. Athens 911. Amphora from Melos. Detail: Apollo 1%. Sparta, temple of Artemis Orthia. Votive figure in
and muses in chariot drawn by winged horses. Cour- lead. Instrument. Reprinted from Dawkins, The
tesy, National Archaeological Museum, Athens. Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia, pl. 180, no. 19, by per-
3a. Athens, Agora AP 1085. Pinax fragment. Bearded mission of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic
man offering or receiving instrument. Courtesy, Studies.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens: . Sparta, temple of Artemis Orthia. Votive figure in
Agora Excavations. lead. Musician. Reprinted from Dawkins, The Sanc-
3b. Syracuse 12577. Corinthian vase. Detail: padded tuary of Artemis Orthia, pl. 183, no. 19, by permis-
dancers. Drawing reprinted from Payne, Necrocorin- sion of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic
thia (1931), p. 119, fig. 44a, by permission of the Studies.
Oxford University Press. . Sparta, temple of Artemis Orthia. Bone and ivory
4. Athens 12210. Terra-cotta figure from Lapithos, Cy- plektra. Reprinted from Dawkins, The Sanctuary of
prus. Musician. Courtesy, National Archaeological Artemis Orthia, pl. 167 A, by permission of the Soci-
Museum, Athens. ety for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
‘Sa. Location unknown. Funeral chest from Capua. De- 14а. Paris E 629. Corinthian krater. Detail: banqueters.
tail: row of musicians. Drawing reprinted from Behn, Courtesy, Musée du Louvre. Photograph: Maurice
Musikleben im Altertum (1954), fig. 109, by permis- Chuzeville.
sion of Anton Hiersemann Verlag. Stuttgart. 14. Athens, Kerameikos 2869. Attic b.f. skyphos. Detail:
5b. Athens, Nat. Mus. Acropolis 2523. Plaque fragment. two komasts. Courtesy, Kerameikos Museum, Ath-
Musician at altar. Reprinted from Graef and Lang- ens, and the Deutsches Archáologisches Institut.
Jowz, Die Antiken Vasen von der Akropolis zu Athen, Photograph by the authors.
pl. 104, by permission of the National Archaeological 14. Florence 4209. Attic b.f. volute krater (the Francois
Muscum, Athens. vase). Detail: Theseus' victory dance. Courtesy, So-
6. Rhodes 12.200. Attic b.f. psykter. Komasts dancing. printendenza Archeologica della Toscana—Firenze.
Courtesy, Office of thc Ephor of Prehistoric and 144. Heidelberg 68/1. Attic b.f. lekythos. Detail: musician
... Classical Antiquities, Rhodes. between sirens. Courtesy, Archaologisches Institut
7. Delos B 4260. Fragment from the mouth of an am- der Universitat Heidelberg.
phora. Apollo and Artemis. Courtesy, Ecole Fran- Me. New York 06.1021.26. Corinthian b.f. plate. Poet on
çaise d'Archéologie, Athens. his death-bed. Courtesy, The Metropolitan Museum
8. Zakynthos, priv. coll. Bronze armor, back plate. De- of Art. Rogers Fund, 1905. All rights reserved.
tail: Apollo, gods, and goddesses. Engraving re- 1а. Paris E 643. Corinthian hydria. Detail: mourning
printed from Ernst Curtius, Friedrich Adler, and С. Nereids. Courtesy, Musée du Louvre. Photograph:
Treu, Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen Olympia (Berlin, Maurice Chuzeville.
1891-97), pl. LXIX. 15b, New York 56.11.1, Attic b.f. lekythos by the Amasis
9a. London 1971.11-11. Dinos by Sophilos. Detail: Painter. On neck, dancers and musician. Courtesy,
Apollo and Hermes in quadriga, muses. Courtesy, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Funds provided
Trustees of the British Museum, London. by Walter C. Baker, 1956.
9b. Athens 19272. Large jar, possibly from Lemnos. De- 15с. Paris Е 861. B.f. amphora. Procession of musicians.
tail: musician before scated woman. Courtesy, Na- Courtesy, Musée du Louvre. Photograph: Maurice
tional Archaeological Museum, Athens. Chuzeville.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
16. New York 98.8.11. Attic b.f. amphora. Judgment of 14. Athens Nat. Mus. Аст. 609. Attic r.f. fragment. Kith-
Paris. Courtesy, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. arist. Courtesy, National Archaeological Museum,
Gift of F. W. Rhinelander, 1898. Athens.
17. Athens 16464. Corinthian plaque. Musicians in sacri- 15. Cleveland 76.89. Attic r.f. eye kylix. Kitharist, listen-
ficial procession. Courtesy, National Archaeological ers. Courtesy, The Cleveland Museum of Art. Pur-
Museum, Athens. chase from the J. H. Wade Fund.
18. Oxford 1892.1490. Cornelian scarab. Youth tunes or 16. Berne 12409. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail: Apollo and
plays instrument. Courtesy, Ashmolean Museum, Artemis, libation scene. Courtesy, Bernisches Histo-
Oxford. risches Museum.
17. Cambridge Fitz. GR 18.1927. Green steatite scarab
CHAPTER THREE with kithara. Courtesy, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cam-
bridge.
1. Boston 97.370. Attic r.f. oinochoe. Detail: Apollo 18. Munich 2304. Attic r.f. amphora. Deta?
Hermes, Dionysos, and women. Couris8I s—sh
and Artemis at altar. Courtesy, Museum of Fine
Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek, M
Arts, Boston. Perkins Collection.
tograph: Christa Koppermann.
2. Toronto 919.5.133. Attic b.f. hydria. Detail: Apollo
19. Boston 95.45. Attic r.f. lekythos. Detail:
as kitharist walking beside wedding quadriga. Cour-
phiale and kithara. Courtesy, Museum of
tesy, The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada.
Boston. Perkins Collection.
3. London B 206. Attic b.f. amphora. Detail, A: Dio-
nysos and Ariadne, satyrs, maenads; B: Dionysos in CHAPTER Four
quadriga, satyrs, maenads. Courtesy, Trustees of the
British Museum, London. 1. Heidelberg L 64. Attic b.f. lekythos. Detail: LN
4. Munich 1575. Attic b.f. amphora. Detail: Heracles riga scene. Courtesy, Archaologisches Institut
mounting podium. Courtesy, Staatliche Antiken- Universitat Heidelberg.
sammlungen und Glyptothek, Munich. Photograph: Oxford 535 (G. 292). Attic r.f. lekythos. Ое!
5. CKharsissetla TK o67p5p.e rAmtatincn .b .f. pelike. Detail: kithara con- AOpxoflolrod .a nd Artemis. Courtesy, Ashmolean =
test. Courtesy, Antikenabteilung, Staatliche Kunst- London B 353. Attic b.f. oinochoe. Detail:
sammlungen Kassel. between satyrs. Courtesy, Trustees of the EN
6. Athens Acropolis, Parthenon frieze, plaque 875. seum, London. —
Kitharists. Courtesy, Acropolis Museum, Athens. New York 24.97.30. Attic r.f. bell krater. Detai
7. Plovdiv 298. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail: theoxenia for pheus and Thracians. Courtesy, The Metropolita
the Dioscuri. Reprinted from van Ноот, Choes and Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1924. All rights,
Anthesteria, pl. 241, by permission of E. J. Brill, served.
Leiden. London E 271. Attic r.f. amphora. Detail:
8. Boston 26.61. Attic r.f. amphora attributed to the Muses. Courtesy, Trustees of the British —— —
Brygos Painter. Details: side A: kitharode; side B: London.
listener. Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston 98.887. Attic w.g. pyxis. Detail:
John Michael Rodocanachi Fund. Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Bostgow,
9. Мем York 20.245. Attic r.f. amphora attributed to Pierce Fund.
the Pan Painter. Detail: kitharist. Courtesy, The Met- Hillsborough, Hearst 21. Attic r.f. kal
ropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1920. All thonos pursued by Eos. Photograph c
rights reserved. А. E. Raubitschek, Palo Alto.
10. Leningrad 17295. Attic Panathenaic amphora. Detail: London B 167. Attic b.f. amphora. D:
contestant on podium, two judges. Reprinted by per- Heracles, and Iolaos. Courtesy, Truste
mission from L'Antiquité classique 5 (1936), pl. 31, ish Museum, London.
Berlin Antikenmuseum 2536. Attic r.f. M1! Я
no. 1.
11. London 1926.6-28.7. Attic b.f. amphora. Detail: Judgment of Paris. Courtesy, Antikenmuseum, Staat-
contestant mounting podium, three wreathed judges. liche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Charlotten-
Courtesy, Trustees of the British Museum, London. burg.
12. London B 300. Attic b.f. hydria. Detail: Dionysos, 10. Oxford 311 (1889.1015). Attic r.f. lekythos. Detail:
13. NiMstsaheethetwy rrM Bosue,pYrs oolelraiiunkntd m a ,5Pn am6 i.anL1Meto7nue1nars.d.d3e os8un.D.m. e t aCAiotoltuf:ir ctA erksrti.y,tf, .h aFarlTmoerdptuehcs.hto eerreCa so Fuaurottnfted rst,:i yh be,u 1t9BTe5rdh6i et.- t o еSIfEEt oyrrarZoroldesays.,.cc cuwvsaRoie lte .hpd 3erl16ill73yno,r3t e0e.b.Sd yt Ca Atofptouret,rori tmmceRi ssoryCsm.,ofie. ro .pnhA u ysdshor fmi vaota.lh seeo DarenIuts amti iMlt:uua tnsotwe iouPqmmoul,eoi nrg urOmaxaf,-in c do
All rights reserved.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
sLyomnpdoosni uEm . 15C9.o urAttetsicy , r.Tf.r uhsytdereisa . ofD etthaei l:B rigtuiessht sM ua-t 29. aBtotsatcokne d 13b.y2 0T2h.r aActitainc rw.fo.m laenk.y thCoosu.r tDeestya,i l:M uOsrepuhme uso f
sFeraunmk,f urLto,n doMnV.. E. beta 304. Attic b.f. lekythos. De- 30. FNienwe AYrotrsk, 0B7o.s2t8o6n..7 8.F raAntctiisc Br.afr.t laemtpt hoFruan.d .D etail. :
tail: reclining figure, attendants. Courtesy, Museum Apollo and Artemis at altar. Courtesy, The Metro-
für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Frankfurt am Main. politan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1907. All
Photograph: Ursula Seitz-Gray. rights reserved.
14. Cambridge, Harvard 1959.188. Attic r.f. pelike by
the Pig Painter. Procession, man and boys. Courtesy, CHAPTER FIVE
Harvard University Art Museums (The Arthur M.
Sackler Museum). Gift of Frederick M. Watkins. 1. Frankfurt, Mus. für Khw. WM 03. Attic b.f. am-
Paris, Musée Rodin 993. Attic r.f. column krater by phora. Detail: Dionysos and Ariadne with satyrs.
the Pig Painter. Detail: komasts. Courtesy, Musée Courtesy, Museum für Kunsthandwerk and Museum
Rodin, Paris. Photograph: Bruno Jarret. für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Frankfurt am Main.
16. Florence 4014. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail: women danc- Photograph: Ursula Seitz-Gray.
ing the pyrrhic, musicians. onlookers. Courtesy. So- 2. Cambridge, Harvard 1960.236. Attic r.f. calyx krater
printendenza Archeologica della Toscana. by the Kleophrades Painter. Detail: Dionysos and sa-
y. Schwerin KG 708. Attic r.f. skyphos by the Pisto- tyrs. Courtesy, Harvard University Art Museums
xenos Painter. Detail: Linos and Iphikles. Courtesy, (The Arthur M. Sackler Museum). Gift of
Kunstsammlungen, Staatliches Museum Schwerin. Frederick M. Watkins.
18. Athens 1413. Attic r.f. pelike. Detail: Man offering 3. Toronto 356 (919.5.21). Attic r.f. kylix. Detail: ko-
rabbit to youth. Courtesy, National Archaeological masts. Courtesy, The Royal Ontario Museum, To-
Museum, Athens. ronto, Canada.
19. New York 26.60.79. Attic r.f. kylix. Interior detail: 4. Toledo 64.126. Attic r.f. kylix by the Foundry
Nike and youth. Courtesy, The Metropolitan Mu- Painter. Exterior detail: komasts. Courtesy. The To-
seum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1926. All rights re- ledo Museum of Art. Gift of Edward Drummond
served. Libbey.
Oxford 1916.13. Attic r.f. kylix. Detail: youth be- 5. New York 41.162.2. Attic b.f. amphora. Komasts.
tween women. Courtesy, Ashmolean Museum, Ox- Courtesy, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Rogers
ford. Fund, 1941. АП rights reserved.
21. Vienna IV 143 (old 622). Attic w.g. lekythos. Detail: 6. Brussels R 255. Attic r.f. oinochoe. Man with barbi-
grave scene. Courtesy, Antikensammlung, Kunsthis- tos slung over his shoulder. Courtesy, Musées Royaux
torisches Museum, Vienna. Photograph: Lichtbild- d'Art et d'Histoire, Brussels.
werkstütte “Alpenland.” 7. Мем York 37.11.19. Attic r.f. chous. Detail: reveler
Athens 1260. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail: seated woman returning from festival of Anthesteria. Courtesy: The
(Sappho) reading scroll, standing women. Courtesy, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1937.
National Archaeological Museum, Athens. All rights reserved.
Brussels A 1020. Attic w.g. lekythos. Detail: women 8. Cleveland 24.197. Attic r.f. column krater. Komast
with instruments. Courtesy, Musées Royaux d'Art et and youth. Courtesy, The Cleveland Museum of Art.
d'Histoirc, Brussels. Gift of Mrs. Leonard C. Hanna.
Toledo 64.126. Attic r.f. kylix by the Foundry 9. Milan, Coll. “H.A.” C 354. Attic r.f. column krater.
Painter. Interior: komasts. Courtesy, The Toledo Detail: symposium. Courtesy, Private Collection,
Museum of Art. Gift of Edward Drummond Milano, Italy.
Libbey. 10. Gela 67. Attic r.f. lekythos by the Brygos Painter.
Gotha 51. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail: Diomedes, youth, Detail: Eros with barbitos and winged boots. Re-
a Nike, Apollo. Reprinted from Corpus vasorum an- printed from Corpus vasorum antiquorum, [taly,
tiquorum. Germany, vol. 29, pl. 1389, 1, by permis- vol. 54, pl. 2403, 3. by permission of "L'Erma" di
sion of the Schlossmuseum, Muscen der Stadt Gotha. Bretschneider, Rome.
Florence 128 (7.B29). Attic r.f. fragment. Detail: 11. London 1921.7-10.2. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail: women
two young men with lyres. Courtesy. Soprintendenza with lyres, crane. Courtesy, Trustees of the British
archeologica della Toscana. Museum, London.
Atbens Agora P 43. Attic w.g. kylix. Interior: boy 12. London E 44. Attic r.f. kylix. Interior detail: woman
with lyre. Courtesy, American School of Classical and man, barbitos. Courtesy, Trustees of the British
Studies at Athens: Agora Excavations. Museum, London.
Munich 2421. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail: teacher and 13. Cleveland 26.549. Attic r.f. krater. Detail: men in fe-
students. Courtesy, Staatliche Antikensammlungen male dress dancing and playing barbitos and krotala.
und Glyptothek. Munich. Photograph: Christa Kop- Courtesy, The Cleveland Museum of Art. A. W. El-
permann. lenberger. Sr. Endowment Fund.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
x
14. Copenhagen 13365. Attic r.f. vase fragments. Detail: University Art Museums (The Arthur M. Sackler
men in female dress; barbitos with "Anakreon" in- Museum). Bequest of Joseph C. Hoppin.
scription. Courtesy, Dept. of Near Eastern and Clas- Naples 81398 (Н 3232). Attic r.f. hydria. Details: fe-
sical Antiquities, National Museum, Copenhagen. male dancers and musicians. Reprinted from Enciclo-
Photograph: Lennart Larsen. pedia Classica III. vol. XI, bk. 5, Storia della
15. Munich 2416. Attic r.f. kalathoid. Sappho and Al- Ceramica, pl. 119 a, b, by permission of the Societá
caeus. Courtesy, Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Editrice Internazionale di Torino.
Glyptothek, Munich. Athens 15190. Attic w.g. kylix fragment. Detail: Or-
16. Paris, Petit Palais 308. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail: pheus attacked by Thracian woman. Courtesy, Na-
Muse. Courtesy, Ville de Paris, Musée du Petit Pa- tional Archaeological Museum, Athens.
lais, Paris. Photograph: J. E. Bulloz. New York 37.11.23. Attic r.f. pelike. Mousaios and
17. Boston 63.1246. Attic r.f. calyx krater by the Doki- Muses. Courtesy, The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
masia Painter. Death of Aegisthus. Courtesy, Mu- Samuel D. Lee Fund, 1937. All rights reserved.
seum of Fine Arts, Boston. William Francis Warren . Ruvo, Jatta Coll. 1538. Attic r.f. aryballos. Thamyras
Fund. and Muses. Reprinted from Enciclopedia dell'Arte
18. Athens 17918. Attic r.f. hydria by the Peleus Painter. Атса Classica e Orientale VII, 589, fig. 703, by per-
Detail: women with barbitos, chest, and lyra. Cour- mission of the Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana
tesy, National Archaeological Museum, Athens. fondata da Giovanni Treccani.
19. New York 07.286.85. Attic r.f. bell krater. Detail: llb. Ferrara T. 127, inv. 3033. Attic r.f. volute krater. De-
Dionysos, maenads, satyr. Courtesy, The Metropoli- tail: Muses with harp and Thracian kithara. Re-
tan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1907. All rights printed from Corpus vasorum antiquorum, Italy 37,
reserved. pl. 1656, by permission of the Istituto Poligrafico e
20. Munich 2404. Attic r.f. stamnos. Detail: barbitos. Zecca dello Stato; and from Aurigemma, Scavi di
Courtesy, Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyp- Spina, pl. 2, by permission of "L'Erma" di Bret-
tothek, Munich. Photograph: Christa Koppermann. schneider.
21. Basel 421. Attic w.g. pinax. Reveler and musician. Athens 1469. Attic r.f. pelike. Detail: contestant,
Courtesy, Antikenmuseum Basel und Sammlung judge, and Nike. Courtesy, National Archaeological
Ludwig. Photograph: Claire Niggli. Museum, Athens.
22. Brussels A 3091. Attic r.f. stamnos. Detail: young 13. New York 25.78.66. Attic r.f. bell krater. Detail: sa-
man with barbitos. Courtesy, Musées Royaux d'Art tyr chorus. Courtesy, The Metropolitan Museum of
Art, Fletcher Fund, 1925. All rights reserved.
et d'Histoire, Brussels.
14. Naples 81392. Lucanian r.f. pelike. Detail: Muse
with harp. Courtesy, Soprintendenza Archeologica
CuaPrER Six delle Province di Napoli e Caserta.
Berlin, Staatl. Mus. 2391. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail:
l. Oxford 225 (1879.159). Attic b.f. oinochoe. Mae- Muse. Courtesy, Antikensammlung. Staatliche Mu-
nads. Courtesy, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. seen zu Berlin.
2. Munich 1416. Attic b.f. amphora. Detail: Komasts. New York 37.11.23. Attic r.f. pelike. Detail: Muses.
Courtesy, Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyp- Courtesy, The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
tothek, Munich. Photograph: Gerd Singer. Samuel D. Lee Fund, 1937. All rights reserved.
3. Boston 98.887. Attic w.g. pyxis. Muses. Courtesy, n. Würzburg H 4455 (L. 541). Attic r.f. pyxis. Detail:
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. H. L. Pierce woman with harp. Courtesy, Martin von Wagner-
Fund. Museum der Universitat Würzburg. Photograph: К.
4. London Е 185. Attic r.f. hydria. Detail: girls dancing Óhrlein.
while man and woman look on. Courtesy, Trustees of
the British Museum, London. . CHAPTER SEVEN
5. Oxford 1920.104 (266). Attic w.g. lekythos. Detail:
women with instruments. Courtesy, Ashmolean Mu- 1. aArtah. enCso ur2t1e5s.y ,M aNrabtlieo narlel ieAfr. chDaeetoaillo:g icAaplo llMou sweiutmh , kith-
seum, Oxford.
6. —HA etlhiecnosn . 12C4o1u.r teAtstyi,c Nr.aft.i opnyaxils .A rDcehtaaielo:l ogMiucsaels Moun seM. tu.m , 2а. sARytuahvse,on sa.1n 5d0 0.M usAcpsu.l iaRne prr.ifn. tpeedl ikfer.o mD eTtraieln:d alAlp olalnod, CMaamr--
7. sAMMatuumhnsemienlc suho.n n g eexM nt S.c uhHnoedel ni cGol8ny0.p. toCAttothuierctk e,sw .yMg,.u nSlitecakhayt.tl hiocPshh.eo tDAoengttraaiipklhe::n - 2b. BO5ba,xir tfbioo gyrl 6dop2.ue7 ,0r .m iTshAsepi uolRnie adon-f F irtg.hfue.r veOodxl fuotVera sde ksr Uantoiefrv .eA rpsuDielttiyaa i lPs1r;,e spssl,t. a t1u4e2 , n
8a. CCDhiarominbsyrtsiaod sg,Ke o,p mpaHeearnramvdaasnr,nd . a1n9d2 5s.a3t0yr..4 2.C ouArttte sjyc ,r .fH. asrtvaamrndo s. otfe nydoeunznag Amracnh eionl ongaiicskao s,d elAlap olPluogl.i aC,o uTratreasnyt,o . Soprin-