Stress-induced and Fear Circuitry Disorders: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-V

331 Pages·2008·2.13 MB·English

by  Gavin Andrews

STRESS-INDUCED
AND
FEAR CIRCUITRY
DISORDERS
Advancing the Research Agenda for DSM-V
This page intentionally left blank
STRESS-INDUCED
AND
FEAR CIRCUITRY
DISORDERS
Advancing the Research Agenda for DSM-V
Edited by
Gavin Andrews, M.D.
Dennis S. Charney, M.D.
Paul J. Sirovatka, M.S.
Darrel A. Regier, M.D., M.P.H.
Published by the
American Psychiatric Association
Arlington, Virginia
Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is ac-
curate at the time of publication and consistent with general psychiatric and medical
standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules, and routes of
administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards
set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community.
As medical research and practice continue to advance, however, therapeutic stan-
dards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a specific therapeutic
response not included in this book. For these reasons and because human and me-
chanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of
physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family.
The findings, opinions, and conclusions of this report do not necessarily represent
the views of the officers, trustees, or all members of the American Psychiatric As-
sociation. The views expressed are those of the authors of the individual chapters.
Copyright © 2009 American Psychiatric Association
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper
12 11 10 09 08 5 4 3 2 1
First Edition
Typeset in Adobe’s Frutiger and AGaramond.
American Psychiatric Association
1000 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, VA 22209-3901
www.psych.org
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Stress-induced and fear circuitry disorders : advancing the research agenda for
DSM-V / edited by Gavin Andrews ... [et al.]. — 1st ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-89042-344-8 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Anxiety disorders—Diagnosis. 2. Anxiety disorders—Classification. 3. Panic
disorders—Diagnosis. 4. Panic disorders—Classification. 5. Post-traumatic stress
disorder—Diagnosis. 6. Post-traumatic stress disorder—Classification. 7. Diag-
nostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. I. Andrews, Gavin.
[DNLM: 1. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2. Stress Dis-
orders, Traumatic—classification. 3. Phobic Disorders—classification. 4. Phobic
Disorders—diagnosis. 5. Stress Disorders, Traumatic—diagnosis. WM 172
S9151 2009]
RC531.S764 2009
616.85′22—dc22
2008024613
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the British Library.
CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv
Dennis S. Charney, M.D., and Gavin Andrews, M.D.
PART 1
Stress-Induced and Fear Circuitry Disorders
1
POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Matthew J. Friedman, M.D., and Elie G. Karam, M.D.
2
PANIC DISORDER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Carlo Faravelli, M.D., Toshi A. Furukawa, M.D., Ph.D., and
Elisabetta Truglia, M.D.
3
SOCIAL PHOBIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Susan Bögels, Ph.D., and Murray B. Stein, M.D., FRCPC,
M.P.H.
4
SPECIFIC PHOBIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Paul M.G. Emmelkamp, Ph.D., and
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Ph.D.
PART 2
Course and Classification
5
CONTINUITY AND ETIOLOGY OF ANXIETY DISORDERS:
ARE THEY STABLE ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Richie Poulton, Ph.D., Daniel S. Pine, M.D., and
HonaLee Harrington, B.A.
6
STRESS-INDUCED AND FEAR CIRCUITRY ANXIETY DISORDERS:
ARE THEY A DISTINCT GROUP? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Abby J. Fyer, M.D., and Timothy A. Brown, Ph.D.
PART 3
Special Topics
7
ANXIETY DISORDERS IN AFRICAN AMERICANS AND
OTHER ETHNIC MINORITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
William B. Lawson, M.D., Ph.D.
8
THE GENETIC BASIS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Thalia C. Eley, Ph.D.
9
SEROTONIN, SENSITIVE PERIODS, AND ANXIETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Mark D. Alter, M.D., Ph.D., and Rene Hen, Ph.D.
10
ROLE OF COGNITION IN STRESS-INDUCED AND
FEAR CIRCUITRY DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Jonathan D. Huppert, Ph.D., Edna B. Foa, Ph.D.,
Richard J. McNally, Ph.D., and Shawn P. Cahill, Ph.D.
11
STRESS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN ONSET OF
FEAR CIRCUITRY DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Ronald M. Rapee, Ph.D., and Richard A. Bryant, Ph.D.
12
NEUROIMAGING AND NEUROANATOMY OF STRESS-INDUCED
AND FEAR CIRCUITRY DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Scott L. Rauch, M.D., and Wayne C. Drevets, M.D.
13
ROLE OF NEUROCHEMICAL AND NEUROENDOCRINE MARKERS
OF FEAR IN CLASSIFICATION OF ANXIETY DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . 255
Rachel Yehuda, Ph.D.
14
ANXIETY AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE: IMPLICATIONS FOR
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND DSM-V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Edward V. Nunes, M.D., and Carlos Blanco, M.D., Ph.D.
15
CONCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Gavin Andrews, M.D., Peter McEvoy, Ph.D., and
Tim Slade, Ph.D.
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
CONTRIBUTORS
Mark D. Alter, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Divisions of Child Psychiatry and Integrative Neuroscience,
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Sur-
geons, New York, New York
Gavin Andrews, M.D.
Scientia Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety
and Depression, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Darling-
hurst, Australia
Carlos Blanco, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
Susan Bögels, Ph.D
Professor of Psychiatry and Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Califor-
nia, San Diego; Director, Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Program, UCSD and De-
partment of Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
Timothy A. Brown, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Psychology, Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders,
Boston, Massachusetts
Richard A. Bryant, Ph.D.
Scientia Professor, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney,
Australia
Shawn P. Cahill, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology in Psychiatry, Center for the Treatment
and Study of Anxiety, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Dennis S. Charney, M.D.
Dean of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Executive Vice President of Aca-
demic Affairs of the Mount Sinai Medical Center; Professor in the Departments
of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics, Mount
Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
vii
viii Stress-Induced and Fear Circuitry Disorders
Wayne C. Drevets, M.D.
Senior Investigator and Chief, Section on Neuroimaging in Mood and Anxiety
Disorders, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of
Health/National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Thalia C. Eley, Ph.D.
Senior Lecturer and MRC Fellow, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry
Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
Paul M.G. Emmelkamp, Ph.D.
Academy Professor, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Carlo Faravelli, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, University of Florence,
Firenze, Italy
Edna B. Foa, Ph.D.
Professor of Clinical Psychology in Psychiatry; Director, Center for the Treatment
and Study of Anxiety, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Matthew J. Friedman, M.D.
Executive Director, National Center for PTSD, VA Medical Center, White River
Junction, Vermont; Professor of Psychiatry and of Pharmacology, Department of
Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire
Toshi A. Furukawa, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor and Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medi-
cine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
Abby J. Fyer, M.D.
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons; Director, Anxiety Genetics Unit, New York, New York
HonaLee Harrington, B.A.
Associate in Research, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke Uni-
versity, Durham, North Carolina
Rene Hen, Ph.D.
Professor, Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Neu-
roscience, and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Sur-
geons, New York, New York
Contributors ix
Jonathan D. Huppert, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusa-
lem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem; Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychology in Psychi-
atry, Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, Department of Psychiatry,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Elie G. Karam, M.D.
Professor and Head, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St.
George Hospital University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand Uni-
versity; Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy, and Applied Care
(IDRAAC); Medical Institute for Neuropsychological Disorders (MIND), Beirut,
Achrafieh, Lebanon
William B. Lawson, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor and Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard
University College of Medicine and Hospital, Washington, D.C.
Peter McEvoy, Ph.D.
Clinical Director, Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St. Vin-
cent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia
Richard J. McNally, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachu-
setts
Edward V. Nunes, M.D.
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
Daniel S. Pine, M.D.
Chief of Developmental Studies, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National
Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Richie Poulton, Ph.D.
Professor and Director, Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Re-
search Unit, Department of Preventative and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of
Medicine; Co-Director, National Centre for Lifecourse Research, University of
Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Ronald M. Rapee, Ph.D.
Director, Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie
University, Sydney, Australia