Microbiology MOLECULAR MECHANISMS TO CELLULAR RESPONSES A significant component of many different ecosystems, cyanobacteria occupy almost every niche of the earth, including fresh and salt waters, rice fields, hot springs, arid deserts, and polar regions. Cyanobacteria, along with algae, produce nearly half the Molecular Mechanisms global oxygen, making assessment of their ecophysiologies important for under- standing climate impacts and potential remediation. Stress Biology of Cyanobac- teria: Molecular Mechanisms to Celular Responses is a compilation of holistic to Cellular Responses responses of cyanobacteria, ranging from ecological and physiological to the modern aspects of their molecular biology, genomics, and biochemistry. Covering almost every aspect of cyanobacterial stress biology, this book is divided into two parts: Bioenergetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance and Edited by Ashish Kumar Srivastava Cellular Responses and Ecophysiology. The first few chapters focus on the molecular bioenergetics of photosynthesis and respiration in cyanobacteria and provide a clear Amar Nath Rai • Brett A. Neilan perspective on different stress tolerance mechanisms. Part I also covers the effect of specific stresses—including heavy metal, high and low temperature, salt, osmotic, and UV-B stress—on a wide range of vital physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes of cyanobacteria. Part II describes mechanisms of symbiosis, stress-induced bioproducts, and the role of environmental factors on nitrogen fixation, which along with photosynthesis is a major contributor to the current geochemical status of the planet. The text also covers mutation and cyanobacterial adaptation, and the most widely studied cyano- toxin, microcystin, which has effects on both human and animal health. With contri- butions from experts around the world, representing the global importance of cyanobacteria, this book provides a broad compilation of research that deals with cyanobacterial stress responses in both controlled laboratory conditions as well as in their natural environment. K14541 Srivastava STRESS BIOLOGY 0F CYANOBACTERIA Rai • Neilan MOLECULAR MECHANISMS TO CELLULAR RESPONSES STRESS BIOLOG Y0f STRESS BIOLOGY 0F CYANOBACTERIA CYANOBACTERIA Molecular Mechanisms to Cellular Responses STRESS BIOLOGY 0f CYANOBACTERIA Molecular Mechanisms to Cellular Responses Edited by Ashish Kumar Srivastava Amar Nath Rai • Brett A. Neilan Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business STRESS BIOLOGY 0f CYANOBACTERIA CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20130123 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-7519-6 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................xi Editors ............................................................................................................................................ xiii Contributors .....................................................................................................................................xv Part I B ioenergetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Tolerance Chapter 1 Oxygenic Photosynthesis in Cyanobacteria .................................................................3 Dmitriy Shevela, Roman Y. Pishchalnikov, Lutz A. Eichacker, and Govindjee Chapter 2 Water Oxidation and Water-Oxidizing Complex in Cyanobacteria ........................... 41 Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour, Atefeh Nemati Moghaddam, Jian-Ren Shen, and Govindjee Chapter 3 Origin, Evolution, and Interaction of Bioenergetic Processes in Cyanobacteria under Normal and Stressful Environments.................................... 61 Günter A. Peschek, Christian Obinger, and Surya Kant Mehta Chapter 4 Understanding the Mechanisms of Abiotic Stress Management in Cyanobacteria with Special Reference to Proteomics ...........................................93 Snigdha Rai, Sarita Pandey, Alok Kumar Shrivastava, Prashant Kumar Singh, Chhavi Agrawal, and Lal Chand Rai Chapter 5 Molecular Chaperones and Stress Tolerance in Cyanobacteria ............................... 113 Hitoshi Nakamoto Chapter 6 Heat Stress Management in Synechocystis PCC 6803: The Interplay between Membranes and Stress Protein Molecular Chaperones ........................................... 145 Attila Glatz, Zsolt Török, László Vígh, and Ibolya Horváth Chapter 7 Sensing and Molecular Responses to Low Temperature in Cyanobacteria ............. 155 Jogadhenu S.S. Prakash, Pilla Sankara Krishna, and Sisinthy Shivaji v © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC vi Contents Chapter 8 Salt Toxicity and Survival Strategies of Cyanobacteria ........................................... 171 Poonam Bhargava and Ashish Kumar Srivastava Chapter 9 Cyanobacterial Salt Stress Acclimation: Genetic Manipulation and Regulation .... 189 Nadin Pade and Martin Hagemann Chapter 10 Regulatory Mechanisms of Cyanobacteria in Response to Osmotic Stress ............203 Aran Incharoensakdi and Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha Chapter 11 Molecular Mechanisms of UV-B Stress Tolerance in Cyanobacteria ...................... 231 Richa, Rajeshwar P. Sinha, and Donat P. Häder Chapter 12 Zinc Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria .........................................................................245 Lee Hudek, Agnes Michalczyk, Brett A. Neilan, and M. Leigh Ackland Part II Cellular Responses and Ecophysiology Chapter 13 Cyanobacteria in Symbiosis: Cellular Responses .................................................... 257 Mayashree B. Syiem and Amar Nath Rai Chapter 14 A Global Understanding of Light Stress in Cyanobacteria: Environmental and Bioproducts Perspectives ................................................................................... 273 Nishikant V. Wase, Saw Ow Yen, and Phillip C. Wright Chapter 15 Environmental Factors Regulating Nitrogen Fixation in Heterocystous and Non-Heterocystous Cyanobacteria .................................................................... 291 Lucas J. Stal Chapter 16 Adaptation of Cyanobacteria to Anthropogenic and Natural Stress: The Role Played for Spontaneous Mutation.............................................................................307 Raquel Gonzalez, Camino García-Balboa, Eduardo Costas, and Victoria Lopez-Rodas Chapter 17 Benthic Microcystin and Climatic Change .............................................................. 321 Marina Aboal © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Contents vii Chapter 18 Hepatotoxic Microcystins of Cyanobacteria: Biosynthesis and Degradation in Response to Abiotic Stress ................................................................................... 341 Ashutosh Kumar Rai, Leanne Andrea Pearson, and Ashok Kumar Chapter 19 Structural, Physiological, and Ecological Adaptations in Cyanobacterial Mats under Stressful Environment .................................................................................... 351 Pushpendra Kumar Mishra, John L. Sailo, and Surya Kant Mehta © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC