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Street Fights in Copenhagen: Bicycle and Car Politics in a Green Mobility City (Advances in Urban Sustainability) PDF

215 Pages·2019·7.72 MB·English
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“This book is an incredibly important addition to the global narrative about improving cities. With this thorough academic treatment of data and analysis the conclusion is clear. A shining vision of future transport in cities everywhere is revealed. Not only is it attainable, but it is a thing of beauty.” — Mikael Colville-Andersen, author of Copenhagenize: The Definitive Guide to Bicycle Urbanism “In this highly interesting and necessary book the authors illustrate the streetfightinthepresumablyperfectcyclingcityofCopenhagen.Through thorough empirical investigation they argue that Copenhagen can be used as a model for expanding urban cycling not least because of the ideologi- cally political street fights between cars and cycles, identical to other cities aroundtheworld.Thisbook,veryconvincingly,showsthenecessarycon- flictualpathwaytothinkingaboutbetterurbanfutures.” — Malene Freudendal-Pedersen, Professor in Urban Planning, Aalborg University, Denmark “In this book Jason Henderson and Natalie Marie Gulsrud have done the world’s cities a big favor. They analyze how Copenhagen has made itself bikeableandwalkable,notjustdriveable,andhastempteddriversoutoftheir cars onto bicycles, public transport, ortheir own two feet. They alsoexplain the politics that produced this result, and show how other cities can follow Copenhagen’swiselead.” — DonaldShoup,DistinguishedResearchProfessorintheDepartmentofUrbanPlanning, UCLA,USA STREET FIGHTS IN COPENHAGEN With29percent ofalltripsmade bybicycle,Copenhagen isconsideredamodel of green transport. This book considers the underlying political conditions that enabled cycling to appeal to such a wide range of citizens in Copenhagen and asks how this can be replicated elsewhere. Despite Copenhagen’s global reputation, its success has been a result of a long political struggle and is far from completely secure. Car use in Denmark is increasing, including in Copenhagen’s suburbs, and new developments in Copen- hagen include more parking for cars. There is a political tension in Copenhagen over the spaces for cycling, the car, and public transit. In considering examples of backlashes and conflicts over street space in Copenhagen, this book argues that the kinds of debates happening in Copenhagenare very similarto thedebatesregularly occurring in cities throughout the world. This makes Copenhagen more, not less, comparable to many cities around the world, including cities in the United States. This book will appeal to upper-level undergraduates and graduates in urban geography, city planning, transportation, environmental studies, as well as trans- portation advocates, urban policy-makers, and anyone concerned about climate change and looking to identify paths forward in their own cities and localities. Jason Henderson is Professor in the Department of Geography and Environment at San Francisco State University, USA. NatalieMarieGulsrudisanAssistantProfessorintheDepartmentofGeosciences and Natural Resource Management at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. ADVANCES IN URBAN SUSTAINABILITY Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice Circles of Sustainability Paul James Sustainability Citizenship in Cities Theory and Practice Edited by Ralph Horne, John Fien, Beau B. Beza and Anitra Nelson Street Fights in Copenhagen Bicycle and Car Politics in a Green Mobility City Jason Henderson and Natalie Marie Gulsrud STREET FIGHTS IN COPENHAGEN Bicycle and Car Politics in a Green Mobility City Jason Henderson and Natalie Marie Gulsrud Firstpublished2019 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 52VanderbiltAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2019JasonHendersonandNatalieMarieGulsrud TherightofJasonHendersonandNatalieMarieGulsrudtobeidentifiedasthe authorsofthisworkhasbeenassertedbytheminaccordancewithsections77 and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinany informationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthe publishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintentto infringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Henderson,Jason,1972-author.|Gulsrud,NatalieMarie. Title:StreetfightsinCopenhagen:bicycleandcarpoliticsinagreen mobilitycity/JasonHendersonandNatalieMarieGulsrud. Description:Abingdon,Oxon;NewYork,NY:Routledge,2019.| Series:Advancesinurbansustainability|Includesbibliographicalreferencesand index. Identifiers:LCCN2019002766(print)|LCCN2019015809(ebook)|ISBN 9780429444135(eBook)|ISBN9781138317536(hbk)|ISBN9781138334892 (pbk)|ISBN9780429444135(ebk) Subjects:LCSH:Transportationandstate--Denmark--Copenhagen.| Transportation--Environmentalaspects--Denmark--Copenhagen.| Transportation--Denmark--Copenhagen--Planning.| Citytraffic--Denmark--Copenhagen.|Cycling--Government policy--Denmark--Copenhagen.|Transportation,Automotive--Government policy--Denmark--Copenhagen.|Trafficengineering--Denmark--Copehagen.| Cityplanning--Environmentalaspects--Denmark--Copenhagen. Classification:LCCHE311.D42(ebook)|LCCHE311.D42C66362019(print)| DDC388.3/470948913--dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019002766 ISBN:978-1-138-31753-6(hbk) ISBN:978-1-138-33489-2(pbk) ISBN:978-0-429-44413-5(ebk) TypesetinBembo byTaylor&FrancisBooks CONTENTS List of illustrations viii Acknowledgements x Introduction: Why Copenhagen? 1 1 Copenhagen: Bicycle city 13 2 A short history of cycling and car politics in Copenhagen 47 3 “Something is rotten in the state of Denmark”: The plateauing of cycling and the rise in car ownership in Copenhagen 69 4 The politics of mobility in Copenhagen 87 5 How many cars in the city?: The Copenhagen toll ring debate 106 6 Cycling policy is parking policy: The politics of car parking in Copenhagen 130 7 From the harbor tunnel to the Metro City Ring: What kind of city? 159 Conclusion: Towards a politics of hope and the green mobility city 186 Interviews in Copenhagen 195 Index 196 ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 0.1 Overview map of Copenhagen showing cycle track system. 8 1.1 Image of the morning commute in Copenhagen. Queen Louise Bridge, 2015. 14 1.2 Map of Copenhagen’s cycle track system and bicycle bridges over Copenhagen harbor. 15 1.3 Image of Copenhagen’s “bicycle snake,” showing that elevations can be overcome. 27 1.4 Image of Copenhagen’s “bicycle snake,” showing its long, gentle gradient. 27 1.5 Image of wide cycle track with excellent passability. 34 1.6 Image of cyclists bunching while making a Copenhagen left. 37 3.1 Graph showing Copenhagen’s cycling rates for work and education, 2005–2025 (with car mode share for comparison). 72 3.2 View from the handlebars during morning rush hour in Copenhagen. 74 3.3 Cycle track and bus stop conflict. 76 6.1 Narrow cycle track and parked cars on Gammel Kongevej in Frederiksberg. 131 7.1 Map showing the harbor tunnel proposal, the new Metro City Ring and the proposed toll ring described in Chapter 5. 161 Listofillustrations ix Tables 1.1 Copenhagen bicycle and car mode share by trip purpose 20 1.2 Copenhagen bicycle mode share compared to peer European cities 21 1.3 Copenhagen bicycle mode share compared to peer cities in North America and Latin America 22 1.4 Copenhagen bicycle mode share compared to peer cities in Africa, Asia, and Oceania 23 1.5 Copenhagen goals and aspirations for cycling 24 1.6 Copenhagen’s population density compared to European peers 30 1.7 Copenhagen’s population density compared to Latin American and Asian cities 31 1.8 Copenhagen’s population density compared to California’s metropolitan areas 32 4.1 Copenhagen’s politics of mobility matrix (2018) 88

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