Stratum Corneum

275 Pages·1983·11.553 MB·English

by  H. P. Baden, J. Kubilus (auth.), Professor Ronald Marks, Professor Dr. Gerd Plewig (eds.)

Stratum Corneum
Edited by
R Marks and G. Plewig
With 106 Figures and 41 Tables
Springer¥erlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York 1983
Professor Ronald Marks
University of Wales, Welsh National School of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, Great Britain
Professor Dr. Gerd Plewig
U niversitatshautklinik
MoorenstraBe 5
4000 Dusseldorf 1, FRG
ISBN -13: 978-3-540-11704-9 e-ISBN -13: 978-3-642-68682-5
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-68682-5
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2127/3140-543210
Preface
The stratum corneum is a magnificent example of the successful
adaptation of a tissue. Its efficient function is a prerequisite for
life itself. We depend on its control of the movement of water
through the skin and on its protective role in the prevention of
penetration by pathogens or harmful substances. Apart from its
functional importance, there is no escaping the fact that the
most common skin disorders (psoriasis, eczema, inherited
disorders of keratinization, acne) are 'characterised by abnormal
keratinization and or scaliness. Despite all this, understanding
of its chemistry, structure, physiology and involvement in
disease has been sadly deficient; however, there are signs of
enlightenment. This symposium is evidence of changed atti·
tudes. Leading researchers from many countries have applied
modem biomedical techniques and the methods of molecular
biology to the many problems and questions posed by the
stratum corneum.
Although there have been several symposia and publications
on the process of keratinization, few have been broadly based
on the stratum corneum. For this reason we believe that the
proceedings of this symposium will be invaluable for all who are
profeSSionally concerned with skin biology.
Cardiff/Diisseldorf, November 1982 R. Marks
G. Plewig
v
Acknowledgements
Alcon Labs. Limited
Brocades G.B. Limited
Cardiff City Council
Cassella-Riedel Pharma GmbH.
Cilag-Chemie
Dermal Laboratories Limited
Dista Products Limited
Dome Div. Miles Laboratories Limited
Hoechst AG.
Imperial Chemical Industries Limited
Janssen Pharmaceuticals Limited
Johnson & Johnson Limited
L'Oreal
E. Merck
Organon Scientific Development Group
Pfizer Limited
Quinoderm Limited
Schering Aktiengesellschaft
South Glamorgan Health Authority
Sterling Research Laboratories
Stiefel Laboratories Limited
Syntex Pharmaceuticals Limited
Unllever Limited
Wales Tourist Board
WB Pharmaceuticals Limited
Wellcome Trust
Welsh National School of Medicine
Welsh Office
Westwood Pharmaceuticals Inc.
We are extremely grateful to the above mentioned for their
support and generous contributions on the occasion of the
International Symposium on the Stratum Corneum held
in Cardiff between 29 and 31 October 1981. We are also
grateful to Mrs. Lesley Tarling, Mrs. Cicely Ling and Mrs.
Joy Hayes for their secretarial help.
VI
Contents
I. Biochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
H.P. Baden and J. Kubilus
The Fibrous Proteins of the Epidermis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
P.E. Bowden and W.J. Cunliffe
Isolation and Characterisation of Different Keratin Types
From Human Epidermis. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
H.P. Baden and J. Kubilus
Cross-linking of Epidermal Fibrous Protein. . . . . . . . .. 19
P.M. Steinert
Epidermal Keratin: Filaments and Matrix 25
F.M. Watt
Control of Involucrin Synthesis During Terminal
Differentiation of Human Epidermal Cells in Culture. . .. 39
I.R. Scott, C.R. Harding, and J.G. Barrett
The Synthesis, Fate and Function of Histidine-Rich
Proteins in the Stratum Corneum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47
P.M. Elias, S. Grayson, M.A. Lampe, M.L. Williams,
and B.E. Brown
The Intercorneocyte Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53
C.S. King, P.J. Dykes, and R. Marks
Preparation and Immunochemical Analysis of Non-Ionic
Detergent-Soluble Protein From Human Stratum
Corneum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68
VII
H.J . Yardley
Isolation and Lipid Composition of Fractions From the
Superficial Stratum Corneum of the Pig ............ 73
M.L. Williams, S. Grayson, J.N. Bonifas, E.H. Epstein Jr.,
and P.M. Elias
Epidermal Cholesterol Sulfate and Steroid Sulfatase
Activity and Recessive X-linked Ichthyosis .......... 79
S. Rothberg
DNase I - Actin Interaction in the Epidermis and Its
Influence on Epidermal Metabolism ............. '. 85
II. Aspects of the Immunology of the Stratum
Corneum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91
E.H. Beutner, K. Dabski, S. Jablonska, W. Glinski, and
V.Kumar
Stratum Corneum Antigens: Their Role in Psoriasis
and in the Autoimmune Repair Mechanisms ......... 92
J.-C. Bystryn
Natural Stratum Corneum Antibodies and Antigens .... 112
C.S. King, S.P. Barton, R. Marks, and P.J. Dykes
Localisation of Non-Ionic Detergent-Soluble Stratum
Corneum Antigens in Human Epidermis . . . . . . . . . . .. 129
J.-H. Saurat and L. Didierjean
The Immunotracing of Keratinocyte Subsets . . . . . . . .. 135
III. Structure and Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 145
I.C. Mackenzie
The Cellular Architecture of the Stratum Corneum. . . .. 146
I.C. Mackenzie
Effects of Frictional Stimulation on the Structure of
the Stratum Corneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 153
R. Marks and S.P. Barton
The Significance of the Size and Shape of
Corneocytes .............................. 161
VIII
G. Plewig, E. Scheuber, B. Reuter, and W. Waidelich
Thickness of Corneocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 171
R. Marks, A. Lawson, and S. Nicholls
Age-Related Changes. in Stratum Corneum, Structure
and Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 175
S. Herrmann, E. Scheuber, and G. Plewig
Exfoliative Cytology: Effects of the Seasons 181
B.B. Heilmann, F. Ryckmanns, and G. Plewig
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Human Corneocytes . .. 186
G .L. Grove and A.M. Kligman
Corneocyte Size as An Indirect Measure of Epidermal
Proliferative Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191
H. Hammer and A. Johannesson
Corneocyte Formation Rate and Skin Disease ........ 196
C.A. Mackintosh
Skin Scales and Microbial Contamination ........... 202
F. Klaschka
The Transparency of the Stratum Corneum as A
Parameter of Functional Analysis ................ 208
W.A.G. Bruls and J.C. van der Leun
Transmission of UV Radiation Through Horny Layer
and Epidermis in Relation to the Minimal Erythema
Dose (MED) .............................. 212
B. Forslind, X. Wei, and G.M. Roomans
Elemental Distribution in Cross Sections of Guinea-pig
Epidermis: X-ray Microanalysis in the Electron
Microscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 217
IV. Pharmacological Topics ................. 221
W. Breiner, E. Scheuber, and G. Plewig
Effects of Isotretinoin (13-cis Retinoic Acid,
Ro 4-3780) Treatment on Exfoliative Cytology ...... 222
G. Plewig, J. Nikolowski, and H.H. Wolff
Follicular Keratinization ...................... 227
IX
R. Wrench, L. DidieIjean, and J.-H. Saurat
Druc-Induced Changes in Stratum Corneum Production
Traced by Human Antibodies in Murine Tails. . . . . . . .. 237
S. Nicholls, A. Lawson, S.P. Barton, and R. Marks
Changes in Corneocyte Size After Application of Topical
Corticosteroids and Vehicles to Normal Skin . . . . . . . .. 242
H. Tagami, Y. Iwase, K. Yoshikuni, K. Inoue, and
M. Yamada
Water Sorption - Desorption Test of the Stratum
Corneum of the Skin Surface in Vivo . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 248
H. Tagami, M. Ohi, K. Iwatsuki, and M. Yamada
Electical Measurement of the Hydration State of the
Skin Surface in Vivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 252
J. Hatzis and R. Marks
The Relationship Between Conductance and Capacitance
Measurements and Skin Surface Contour During
Hydration of the Stratum Corneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257
Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 262
x
List of Contributors*
Baden, H.P. 2,191 Kligman, A.M. 191
Barrett, J.G. 47 Kubilus, J. 2, 19
Barton, S.P. 129,161,242 Kumar, V. 92
Beutner, E.H. 92 Lampe, M.A. 53
Bonifas, J .M. 79 Lawson,A. 175,242
Bowden,P.E. 9 Leun, J.C., van der 212
Breiner, W. 222 Mackenzie,I.C. 146,153
Brown, B.E. 53 Mackintosh, C.A. 202
Bruls, W.A.G. 212 Mar~s, R. 68,129,161,175,257
Bystryn, J.-C. 112 Nicholls, S. 175,242
Cunliffe, W.J. 9 Nikolowski, J. 227
Dabski, K. 92 Ohi, M. 252
Didierjean, L. 135,237 Plewig, G. 171,181,186,222,227
Dykes, P.J. 68,129 Reuter, B. 171
Elias, P.M. 53,79 Roomans,G.M. 217
Epstein, Jr., E.H. 79 Rothberg, S. 85
Forslind, B. 217 Ryckmanns, F. 186
Glinski, W. 92 Saurat, J.-H. 135,237
Grayson, S. 53, 79 Scheuber,E. 171,181,222
Grove, G.L. 191 Scott,I.R. 47
Hammar, H. 196 Steinert, P.M. 25
Harding, C.R. 47 Tagarni,H. 248,252
Hatzis, J. 257 Waidelich, W. 171
Heilmann, B.B. 186 Watt, F .M. 39
Herrmann, S. 181 Wei,X. 217
Inoue, E. 248 Williams, M.L. 53, 79
Iwase, Y. 248 Wolff, H.H. 227
Iwatsuki, K. 252 Wood,E.J. 9
Jablonska, S. 92 Wrench, R. 237
Johannesson, A. 196 Yamada, M. 248,252
King, C.S. 68,129 Y andley, H.J. 73
Klaschka, F. 208 Y oshikuni, K. 248
* The adress of each first named author is indicated below the contribution
heading
1 Page, on which contribution begins
XI