Strategic Challenges: America's Global Security Agenda

430 Pages·2007·9.06 MB·English

Strategic
Challenges
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Strategic
Challenges
America’s Global Security Agenda
Edited by Stephen J. Flanagan
and James A. Schear
logo TK
Institute for National Strategic Studies
National Defense University Press Potomac Books, Inc.
Washington, DC
Copublished in the United States by National Defense University Press and
Potomac Books, Inc. The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed
or implied within are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the
views of the Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Govern-
ment. This publication is cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Por-
tions of this book may be quoted or reprinted without further permission, with
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Strategic challenges : America’s global security agenda / edited by Stephen
J. Flanagan and James A. Schear.— 1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-59797-120-1 (hardcopy : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-1-59797-121-8 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. United States—Foreign relations—2001– 2. War on Terrorism, 2001– 3.
Weapons of mass destruction—International cooperation. 4. Security, Interna-
tional. I. Flanagan, Stephen J. II. Schear, James A., 1953–
JZ1469.S77 2008
355'.033573—dc22
2007051455
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper that meets the Ameri-
can National Standards Institute Z39-48 Standard.
Potomac Books, Inc.
22841 Quicksilver Drive
Dulles, Virginia 20166
First Edition
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Ambassador Robert B. Oakley
Mentor, friend, and colleague. An exceptional leader in efforts to
promote peace and security amidst the post–Cold War disorder

Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Foreword xi
LIEUTENANT GENERAL FRANCES C. WILSON, USMC
Acknowledgments xiii
Chapter One
The Emerging Global Security Environment 1
CHARLES D. LUTES, M. ELAINE BUNN, AND STEPHEN J. FLANAGAN
Chapter Two
Countering Global Terrorism 20
JOSEPH MCMILLAN AND CHRISTOPHER CAVOLI
Chapter Three
Combating WMD Threats 61
CHARLES D. LUTES
Chapter Four
Protecting the American Homeland 86
THOMAS X. HAMMES, JAMES A. SCHEAR, AND JOHN A. COPE
Chapter Five
Defusing Conflicts in Unstable Regions 110
JAMES A. SCHEAR
Chapter Six
Engaging Other Major Powers 149
JOSEPH MCMILLAN, EUGENE B. RUMER, AND PHILLIP C. SAUNDERS
viii STRATEGIC CHALLENGES
Chapter Seven
Adapting Alliances and Partnerships 203
STEPHEN J. FLANAGAN, LEO G. MICHEL, JAMES J. PRZYSTUP, AND JOHN A. COPE
Chapter Eight
Transforming Defense Strategy and Posture 275
CHRISTOPHER J. LAMB WITH CHARLES D. LUTES, M. ELAINE BUNN,
AND CHRISTOPHER CAVOLI
Chapter Nine
Securing America’s Future: Progress and Perils 314
STEPHEN J. FLANAGAN
Notes 347
About the Contributors 399
Index 403
Illustrations
FIGURES
Figure 2–1. Propaganda by Word and Deed in Anarchism
and Jihadism 24
Figure 2–2. Circles of Insurgent Support 25
Figure 2–3. Violence-Legitimacy Paradox in Insurgencies 27
Figure 2–4. Major Conflicts and Tensions in the Muslim World 42–43
Figure 2–5. U.S. Foreign Operations Budget, 2001–2007 49
Figure 3–1. Challenges and Responses: The Strategic Paradigms
of Weapons of Mass Destruction 63
Figure 3–2. Applying Cooperative Threat Reduction Techniques
to the Global Nuclear Problem 81
Figure 6–1. Chinese Exports to World, 2004 164
Figure 6–2. Chinese Imports from World, 2004 165
Figure 6–3. Russian Gross Domestic Product Growth and Crude
Oil Prices 170
Figure 6–4. Selected Oil and Gas Pipeline Infrastructure in the
Former Soviet Union 178
Figure 7–1. Allied Defense Spending Trends, 1995–2005 213
Figure 7–2. Shifting South Korean Attitudes 247
Figure 7–3. Area of Notional Mexico-Caribbean Basin Surveillance
System 269
Figure 8–1. Budget Risks Inherent in Current Defense Program 278
Figure 8–2. Critical Need for Information Superiority 281
Figure 8–3. Joint Concept Relationships 282
ix
x STRATEGIC CHALLENGES
TABLES
Table 4–1. Hurricane Katrina: The Impact 99
Table 5–1. Iraq and Afghanistan: A Comparison 136
Table 6–1. Chinese Defense Spending, 2001–2006 155
Table 6–2. China’s Missile Forces 161
Table 6–3. Dependence on Imports from and Exports to China 164
Table 6–4. Comparison of Russia and the Commonwealth of
Independent States 176
Table 6–5. Key Indian Military Capabilities 186
Table 6–6. Comparing the Great Powers 198
Table 7–1. U.S. Forces around the World 207
Table 7–2. U.S. and Key Ally Expenditures on Official Develop-
ment Assistance and Defense, 2005 222