Strategic Arena Switching in International Trade Negotiations

302 Pages·2007·1.18 MB·English

by  Wolfgang Blaas

STRATEGIC ARENA SWITCHING IN
INTERNATIONAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
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Strategic Arena Switching in
International Trade Negotiations
Edited by
WOLFGANG BLAAS
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
and
JOACHIM BECKER
Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration,
Austria
© Wolfgang Blaas and Joachim Becker 2007
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.
Wolfgang Blaas and Joachim Becker has asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as the editors of this work.
Published by
Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company
Gower House Suite 420
Croft Road 101 Cherry Street
Aldershot Burlington, VT 05401-4405
Hampshire GU11 3HR USA
England
Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Strategic arena switching in international trade
negotiations
1. Foreign trade regulation 2. International trade
3. Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes
I. Blaas, Wolfgang II. Becker, Joachim, 1960-
382.9

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Strategic arena switching in international trade negotiations / edited by Wolfgang
Blaas and Joachim Becker.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7546-4916-8 1. International trade. 2. Commercial
policy. 3. Commercial treaties. I. Blaas, Wolfgang. II. Becker, Joachim, 1960-
HF1379.S766 2006
382'.9--dc22
2006031452
ISBN-13: 9780754649168
Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall.
Contents
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vii
Notes on Contributors ix
Foreword xi
Abbreviations xiii
1 Introduction 1
Joachim Becker and Wolfgang Blaas
2 Political and Institutional Manoeuvres in International Trade
Negotiations: The United States and the Doha Development Round 33
Nitsan Chorev
3 European Union Trade Politics: Pursuit of Neo-Mercantilism in
Different Fora? 67
Werner Raza
4 India and the WTO 97
Muchkund Dubey
5 China’s Economic Development, Trade and Foreign Investment 141
Weiyu Gao and Xiaoling Ji
6 Back from the Future? Brazil’s International Trade in the Early
Twenty-fi rst Century 171
Luiz Estrella Faria
7 Join my Value Chain! South Africa’s Regional Trade Policy 195
Gottfried Wellmer
8 Turkey: WTO Negotiations in the Shadow of the European Union 241
Gaye Yilmaz
9 Conclusions: Doha Round and Forum-Switching 271
Joachim Becker and Wolfgang Blaas
Index 285
List of Figures
3.1 Trade Balance Goods and Services EU-15, 1999–2004
(percent GDP EU-15) 91
5.1 Sectoral division of GDP in China in comparison 141
5.2 Foreign Direct Investment in China: 1985–2004 147
5.3 Growth in government procurement 160
6.1 Components of Brazil exports 175
6.2 Destiny of Brazil exports 175
6.3 Trade balance of Brazil 176
List of Tables
3.1 Development of International Merchandise Trade EU-15, selected
indicators 1990–2004 (at current prices) 69
3.2 Development of International Services Trade EU-12/15*, selected
indicators 1990–2004 (at current values) 70
5.1 China’s trade volume and balance (unit: US$100 million) 143
5.2 Top 10 Trading Partners (Unit: US$ billion) 144
5.3 Developing Countries’ Anti-Dumping Cases against China 146
5.4 Sector Distribution of Foreign Investment in 2003 150
5.5 The top 5 and bottom 5 provinces in FDI attraction 150
5.6 Tariff change since China’s WTO entry 157
5.7 The ownership structure of international trade 158
7.1 Average annual growth rates of GDP, manufacturing valued added
(MVA) and manufacturing employment in South Africa 1960–1995,
in percent 200
7.2 Average annual growth rates in South Africa’s external trade,
1960–1995, percent 200
7.3 Shares of Industrial Sectors in South Africa’s Total Manufacturing
Value Added in Constant 1995 Prices. Manufactured Exports and
Export Growth Rates (percent) 201
7.4 Changing levels of protection in selected sub-sectors, (percent) 204
7.5 Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and average growth rates in
exports, value added and employment of South African
manufacturing sectors 205
7.6 Shares (percent) in demand for labour in selected sectors 207
7.7 Effect of trade liberalisation, 1996–2000 209
7.8 South African Net Export Rate in trade with EU 216
7.9 South African liabilities towards, and assets in, Europe, 1995–2003 in
millions of Euro 218
7.10 South Africa’s net-export ratio in trade with SADC, 1995 to August
2005 222
8.1 Macroeconomic Developments in the Turkish Economy 262
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Notes on the Contributors
Joachim Becker is Associate Professor of Economics at the Vienna University of
Economcis and Business Studies in Austria. He got his Diploma in Economics and
his PhD in Political Science at Philipps-Universität in Marburg (Germany). He also
taught at the Universidad de Buenos Aires. His research and teaching areas include
political economy, theory of régulation, international development and regional
integration.
Wolfgang Blaas is Associate Professor of Economics. He got his Diploma in
Mathematics and his PhD in Public Economics at the Vienna University of
Technology, Austria, where he is currently employed. His research and teaching
areas include economic policy, regional economics, international economics and real
estate economics.
Nitsan Chorev is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Sociology, Brown
University, USA. She got her PhD at New York University, after which she worked at
Central European University (Hungary) and was a fellow at the UCLA International
Institute (USA). Her main area of interest is the politics of globalization. In addition
to an extensive study of the domestic and international politics of trade policy-
formation, she is currently studying the history and politics of international health.
Muchkund Dubey is currently President of the Council for Social Development,
a research and advocacy NGO. He was former Foreign Secretary, Government of
India, former Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University. After obtaining his Master’s
Degree in Economics from Patna University, he taught Economics for a brief period.
He studied Economics in Oxford and New York University and joined the Indian
Foreign Service and served as India’s High Commissioner in Bangladesh and India’s
Permanent Representative to U.N. organizations in Geneva.
Luiz Augusto E. Faria earned his Doctor of Sciences in Economics at the Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro. He is one of the pioneers employing the Regulationist
Approach to understand the Brazilian economy. His current research is on international
economics, integration and the MERCOSUR. Now he is Associate Professor of
Economics at the Economics Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande
do Sul and Research Economist of the Economics and Statistics Foundation in Porto
Alegre, Brazil.