Strategic Advantage: Challengers, Competitors, and Threats to America's Future

301 Pages·2008·1.97 MB·English

by  Bruce Berkowitz

STRATEGIC
ADVANTAGE

STRATEGIC
ADVANTAGE
Challengers, Competitors, and
Threats to America’s Future
BRUCE BERKOWITZ
In cooperation with the
Center for Peace and Security Studies
Edmund D. Walsh School of Foreign Service
Georgetown University
Georgetown University Press
Washington, D.C.
GeorgetownUniversityPress
Washington,D.C.
GeorgetownUniversityPress,Washington,D.C.www.press.georgetown.edu
(cid:2)2008byGeorgetownUniversityPress.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybe
reproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,including
photocopyingandrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,without
permissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Berkowitz,BruceD.,1956–
Strategicadvantage:challengers,competitors,andthreatstoAmerica’sfuture/
BruceBerkowitz.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-58901-222-6(alk.paper)
1.Nationalsecurity—UnitedStates. I.Title.
UA23.B419 2008
355’.033073—dc22
2008005136
(cid:3)(cid:2) Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepapermeetingtherequirementsoftheAmerican
NationalStandardforPermanenceinPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials.
15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Firstprinting
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Figure2.1isareproductionoftheoriginalengravingfromGale,TheMakingofthe
ModernWorld,firstedition.(cid:2)Gale,apartofCengageLearning,Inc.Reproducedby
permission.www.cengage.com/permissions.
Allstatementsoffact,opinion,oranalysisexpressedarethoseoftheauthoranddonot
reflecttheofficialpositionsoftheCIAoranyotherU.S.Governmentagency.Nothing
inthecontentsshouldbeconstruedasassertingorimplyingU.S.Government
authentificationofinformationorAgencyendorsementoftheauthor’sviews.This
materialhasbeenreviewedbytheCIAtopreventthedisclosureofclassifiedinformation.
To T. G.

CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
ix
INTRODUCTION
Challenges
1
CHAPTER ONE
Trends
16
CHAPTER TWO
Power
53
CHAPTER THREE
TheAmericanEdge
94
CHAPTER FOUR
Pacing
133
vii
viii (cid:2) CONTENTS
CHAPTER FIVE
Agility
179
CHAPTER SIX
Command
206
CONCLUSION
KeepingtheStrategicAdvantage
224
Notes
233
Index
269
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Iamglad tohavetheopportunity tothankseveralpeople fortheirideas,
comments, and support as I wrote this book: Rachel Abrams, James
Adams, Thomas Behling, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Anthony Downs,
JosephEngelbrechtJr.,RandallFort,AdamGarfinkle,GrantHammond,
GregoryIp,JohnLehman,TodLindberg,AndrewMarshall,Christopher
Mellon, Linda Millis, Steven Mufson, John Playfair, G. Bingham
Powell, Tim Roemer, Henry Rowen, Kori Schake, Rex Swensen, and
CharlesWolf.FundingforthisprojectwasprovidedbytheHooverInsti-
tution at Stanford University, whose support was much appreciated.
ThanksarealsoduetoKelley,and,onceagain,Bob.
ix