Storm Drainage Design Manual

189 Pages·2016·5.15 MB·English

CITY of WACO, TEXAS
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
City Hall
Waco, Texas
June 15, 1959
The City of Waco "Storm Dra..bage Design Manual"
prepared for fo,, City· of Waco by Foric.st and Cotton, was
officially ad·:ir•·.~·:'. by the City Cc,u:ncil en June 9, 1959, as
the stanca:cl •n:•nual for all. drai.na.ge design by and/or re-
quiring tb.e approval of the City Engineering Department.
The City Council also established a standard price
of $2.5. 00 per copy for this manual.
T. F. Collins
Asst. City Engineer
TFC:mf

CITY OF WACO, TEXAS
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
STORM DRAINAGE DESIGN MANUAL
FORREST AND COTTON, INC.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
DALLAS, TEXAS
1959

PREFACE
By authority of the City Commission, the City Man
ager directed that a storm drainage design manual be prepared
in conjunction with the development of the Master Storm Drainage
Plan.
The principal objective in compiling the mate rial far
this manual has been to present information and data on the de
sign and construction of storm drainage systems in a readily
usable form. Sections of the manual have been arranged so the
reader may easily follow the descriptive material into more
technical details.
Obviously, in so intensive a field as drainage engi
neering, no one individual or organization could claim personal
authorship for all the development in the drainage engineering
field which is portrayed in this manual; however, special re
cognition is acknowledged for the contribution of Mr. W. F.
Albritton, of this firm. The technical review and assistance
of Mr. I. W. Santry, Professor of Civil Engineering, Southern
Methodist University, has been most helpful. Also acknowledged
with special thanks is the development work of the Engineers
of the U. S. Weather Bureau, U. S. Bureau of Public Roads,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Soil Conservation Serv
ice, Johns Hopkins University, Iowa State College, Texas High
way Department, American Concrete Pipe Association, Port
land Cement Association, American Association of State High
way Officials and many others. To the engineers of these organ
izations and agencies goes credit for much of the research and
data presented within this manual.
FORREST AND COTTON, INC,
Consulting Engineers
Dallas, Texas
March 1959
iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE iii
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF COMPUTATION SHEETS xiv
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIVE DRAWINGS xv
LIST OF STANDARD DRAWINGS
FOR STORM DRAINAGE CONSTRUCTION xv
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
1, 01 PURPOSE 1
1. 02 SCOPE 1
l, 03 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1
a. Definitions 1
.12.· Abbreviations and Symbols 4
1.04 CODE DESIGNATION OF SYSTEM ELEMENTS 8
SECTION II
DETERMINATION OF DESIGN DISCHARGE
2. 01 GENERAL 11
2.02 DETERMINATION OF RUNOFF 12
a. General 12
b. Rational Method 12
c. Unit Hydrograph Method 13
2,03 DRAINAGE AREA 14
2,04 RUNOFF COEFFICIEN'l' 14
.!!-.· l'{ature of Surface 14
b. Soil 14
2. 05 TIME OF CONCENTRATION 16
v
SECTION II (Cont'd)
Z. 06 RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION
FREQUENCY 17
a. General 17
b. Rainfall Intensity-Duration
Frequency Relations 17
c. Design Storm Frequency 18
SECTION III
FLOW IN GUTTERS
3. 01 GENERAL 23
oz
3. PERMISSIBLE SPREAD OF WATER 24
a. Expressways 24
b. Major Thoroughfares (Divided) 24
c. Major Thoroughfares (Not Divided) 24
d. Secondary Streets 25
e. Minor Streets 25
3.03 DESIGN METHOD 26
SECTION IV
STORM DRAIN INLETS
4. 01 GENERAL 33
4.0Z INLETS IN SUMPS 33
a. General 33
b. Curb Opening Inlets and Drop Inlets 34
c. Grate Inlets 41
d. Combination Inlets 47
4, 03 INLETS ON GRADE WITHOUT GUTTER
DEPRESSION 47
a. Curb Opening Inlet (Undepressed) 47
b. Grate Inlets (Undepressed) 53
5": Combination Inlets (Undepressed) 60
vi
SECTION IV (Cont'd)
4, 04 INLETS ON GRADE WITH GUTTER DE-
PRESSION 62
a. Curb Opening Inlets (Depressed) 62
b. Grate Inlets (Depressed) 68
c. Combination Inlets (Depressed) 76
SECTION V
FLOW IN STORM DRAINS AND THEIR APPURTENANCES
5. 01 GENERAL 79
5, 02 VELOCITIES AND GRADES 79
a. Minimum Grades 79
b. Maximum Velocities 79
5. 03 MATERIALS 81
5. 04 FULL AND PART FULL FLOW IN STORM
DRAINS 82
a. General 82
£• Explanation of Pipe Flow Charts 82
5. 05 HYDRAULIC GRADIENT AND PROFILE OF
STORM DRAIN 84
5. 06 MANHOLES 85
a. General 85
b. Types of Manholes 85
c. Location 86
5.07 PIPE CONNECTIONS 86
5. 08 MINOR HEAD LOSSES AT STRUCTURES 86
5,09 UTILITIES 91
a. General 91
b. Water Lines 91
c. Sanitary Sewers 91
d. Gas Lines and Other Utilities 91
vii
SECTION VI
DESIGN OF CLOSED STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
6.01 GENERAL 93
6.02 PRELIMINARY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 93
6. 03 RUNOFF COMPUTATIONS 94
6. 04 HYDRAULIC DESIGN 96
SECTION VII
FLOW IN DITCHES AND CHANNELS
7. 01 GENERAL 101
7. 02 CHANNEL DISCHARGE 101
7. 03 GRADIENTS 102
7. 04 SIDE SLOPE 103
7.05 SEDIMENT AT ION 103
7.06 BRANCHES 103
7. 07 DITCH LINING 103
a. Turf 103
b, Paved Lining 103
SECTION VIII
DESIGN OF CULVERTS
8. 01 GENERAL 105
8. 02 QUANTITY OF FLOW 105
8. 03 HEADWALLS AND ENDW ALLS 106
~· General 106
b. Conditions at Entrance 106
c. Installations 108
viii