Stories of Culture and Place This page intentionally left blank STORIES of CULTURE AND PLACE An Introduction to Anthropology Michael G. Kenny and Kirsten Smillie Copyright © University of Toronto Press 2015 www.utppublishing.com All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without prior written consent of the publisher––or in the case of photocopying, a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency), One Yonge Street, Suite 1900, Toronto, Ontario M5E 1E5––is an infringement of the copyright law. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Kenny, Michael G., 1942–, author Stories of culture and place : an introduction to anthropology / Michael G. Kenny and Kirsten Smillie. Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-1-4426-0794-1 (pbk.).—ISBN 978-1-4426-0795-8 (bound).— ISBN 978-1-4426-0796-5 (pdf).—ISBN 978-1-4426-0797-2 (html) 1. Anthropology—Textbooks. I. Smillie, Kirsten, 1979–, author II. Title. GN25.K46 2014 301 C2014-904974-9 C2014-904975-7 We welcome comments and suggestions regarding any aspect of our publications––please feel free to contact us at [email protected] or visit our Internet site at www.utppublishing.com. North America UK, Ireland, and continental Europe 5201 Dufferin Street NBN International North York, Ontario, Canada, M3H 5T8 Estover Road, Plymouth, PL6 7PY, UK orders phone: 44 (0) 1752 202301 2250 Military Road orders fax: 44 (0) 1752 202333 Tonawanda, New York, USA, 14150 orders e-mail: [email protected] orders phone: 1–800–565–9523 orders fax: 1–800–221–9985 orders e-mail: [email protected] Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders; in the event of an error or omission, please notify the publisher. This book is printed on paper containing 100% post-consumer fibre. The University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund. Printed in Canada Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgements xi Preface xiii Introduction: First Contact xvii The New World xvii A Mission from God xviii Captain Cook in the Islands of Paradise xxiii Simon Fraser’s Quest xxviii PART I: THEORY, METHODS, AND CONCEPTS 1 1 Culture Shock 3 Introduction 4 What Do Anthropologists Do? 4 Experiencing the Field 7 Collecting, Organizing, and Analyzing: Research Methods for Understanding the Social World 14 Ethical Considerations in Anthropological Research 20 Unity and Diversity 21 Conclusion 23 2 Life in the Field 25 Introduction 26 Setting the Stage 26 Contemporary Anthropology 39 Applied Anthropology 40 Conclusion 48 PART II: CLASSIC QUESTIONS IN ANTHROPOLOGY 51 3 Historical Beginnings 53 Introduction 54 Charles Darwin: An Anthropologist? 54 The Myth of “The Savage” 59 Lewis Henry Morgan 64 Conclusion 67 v CONTENTS 4 Kinship 69 Introduction 70 What Is “The Family”? 71 The Power of Myth 73 The Nature of Kinship Systems 77 Defi ning Kin: Legal Implications 84 Conclusion 88 5 Symbol, Myth, and Meaning 93 Introduction 94 Reconsidering the Culture Concept 95 Comprehending Others 96 Techniques of the Body 98 Culture Goes Public 100 Meaning in Context 104 The Dying and Reborn God 113 Conclusion 114 PART III: CONTEMPORARY ANTHROPOLOGICAL ISSUES 117 6 The Politics of Culture 119 Introduction 120 The Concept of Ownership 121 Traditional Practices, Contemporary Times 129 Culture, Law, and the Role of the Anthropologist 131 Conclusion 141 7 Understanding Gender 1 45 Introduction 146 We “Do” Gender 147 Gender and Social Organization: The Family and the Economy 156 Rejecting the Gender/Sex Dichotomy: Third Genders and Cross-Cultural Analysis 159 Theory Steering Perception 163 Conclusion 164 8 Race, Science, and Human Diversity 167 Introduction 168 Understanding Diversity 168 The Rise of Genetics 178 Red, White, and Black 178 African Racism 182 Genetic Identities 186 Conclusion 190 vi CONTENTS 9 Anthropology, Cultural Change, and Globalization 193 Introduction 194 The Language We Use: Important Terms and Concepts 194 Understanding Processes of Change: An Anthropological Perspective 199 The Globalization of Anthropology: Multi-Site Ethnographies and Virtual Worlds 213 Conclusion 216 Conclusion 219 Glossary 221 References 227 Sources 241 Index 243 vii This page intentionally left blank Illustrations Plates 0.1 The Monstrous Races xxi 0.2 Hawaiian Temple xxv 0.3 James Teit and Wife xxx 1.1 Anthropologist Charlotte Whitby-Coles in India 7 2.1 Bronislaw Malinowski 28 2.2 Franz Boas 33 2.3 Margaret Mead, with Manus Mother and Child 36 3.1 Charles Darwin 55 3.2 Robert Fitzroy 56 3.3 A Fuegian 57 3.4 Aboriginals 58 3.5 Lewis Henry Morgan 64 3.6 Joseph Brant: Mohawk Leader 65 4.1 Cave of the Patriarchs 76 4.2 A.R. Radcliffe-Brown 77 4.3 Trail of Tears 87 5.1 Marcel Mauss 98 5.2 A Dinka Man: South Sudan 99 5.3 Ruth Benedict 101 5.4 President Obama and Emperor Akihito 103 5.5 Sir Edward Evans-Pritchard 105 5.6 Émile Durkheim 109 6.1 Nootka Village 123 6.2 Nootka House 124 6.3 Yuquot Totem Pole 127 6.4 Makah Whaler 130 6.5 Gitksan Village 133 6.6 Greenpeace Protester 139 7.1 Children in Gender-Specific Hallowe’en Costumes 151 7.2 Hijra 160 8.1 Anthropometry 171 8.2 Races of Europe 172 8.3 Mutesa 183 8.4 King of Rwanda 185 9.1 Burmese Refugees Waiting to be Registered by a Thai Policeman 200 9.2 Korean Children with Their American Parents 205 ix
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