' UNIVERSALE o C OR R RlE ED E L LR AA S E Dap iccionlsoie admenstuol le dsepTloe nvdeaerp eri mas uperpotenza Mediterlrlaae nneetf oaa: t iccoonsqaud iesltla' egienIm toanelii inOaa c cidente ISS1N8 24-4580 Dav endeesrcsliu simv amaebnbtmea mento al CornedreelS lear a. l l € 12,9+0i plr ezdzeqolu otidiano 9 ll7718l244 5l8lll12l4il lllllllll�llllllllllllllllllllif 1 STORUINAI VERSALE 'i ; V0lty4n e l \, © 20R0C4SQ, u otiSdpiaMa,in lia no Edizisopneecpi eairlCl eo rrdieelrSleear a pubblsiucl aitcaed nezlSalo ac ieedtiàti rMliu cleiB nool,o gna RobeMr.Ot g ilvie Leo rigidniRi o ma Titdoellol 'eodriizgiiEonanareRlly oe m aen dt hEetr uscans © 197R.6MO,.g ilvie © 191894S9,o5 c ieedtiàti rMliu cleiB nool,o gna TraduzioneD:aP irM Paii loevneas ana MichHa.Ce rla wford Roman ellr'epeutàb blicana Titdoellol 'eodriizgiilonbnRaeeol mea Rnep ublic © 191798M9,i2 c,hHa .Ce rla wford © 191894S9,o5 c ieedtiàti rMliu cleiB nool,o gna TraduzMiiolneeDn:aaP i r Pai ovesana Proggerttaofi Ocou:ot fN owhserrel ArMta:r Pceon n&i Cs.i Riceirccao nogrMaafincau:eF luag enzi RedazioAnset:e srriMlsi,cl oa no LeG ranOdpied reeCl o rrdieelSrleear a Dirertetsoproen SstaebfiFalonelo:l i RCSQ uotiSdpiaa ni ViSao lfe2r8i-no2 M0i1l2an1o RegistrTarziiboudnniMea i llean nuom e5r3od7 e1 l1/7/ 04 SedLee gaVliReai: z z2-o Mliil ano Finisttoa mdpila urge2l:i0 o0 4 ISS1N8 24-4580 GrafViecnaeS tp-aaT rebas(ePlaedgohvea ) G.C ana&lC e.S paB-orgTaorroi (nTeosrei no) Tuttiid irdiicopyrightt ti sonroi servati ROMA DALLOER IGINAIL L'ERTEÀP UBBLICANA ROBERMT. 0 GILVIE LEO RIGIDNIIR OMA MICHAEHL.C RAWFORD ROMAN EL'ELTÀR EPUBBLICANA PRESENTAZIONE diE VA CANTARELIA Neip irmsie cdoellsilu ava i tRao,m fauu ncai ttàm-osntcaahrtio caU.n ' orngiazizoacnziet tasdumlio ndaede llllpoeo legriesc vhaeale, dierg,o vneartdaau nm agsitratoev iuitnzaiiilcroloe, xS .uf li nei drel VI secaoC.l.(oa l dtartaaid oinzèai l5l1e0 a C..)u llt'rieml,eo' t rusco TarquiPnrisicavo e,n cnaec ceiR aotmoa ndniuevn eraep ubblIiglco a. verno veanfdnfaeit aod u mea gistarnantui(a cilo in is)co,hla elt er mindee llloacro a rriipscoan dedvealino oar to Ntiac.q ruone uoavse sembploepleoa rei q,au evsetnern oae titbruaintcpiho et eriu ncvaho el tas ptetavaaimn aogs itriapltot ie:dr ice o ndaarnaenm ortaed,e sem pios,i naqo u emlo mepnrteor toigdvaearl e xv,e nanteit bruail'tlaos sembclehai amcaotmaic zeinoit autSroeè. e ccievpsoas lrardeid emo cartizz,aè p zeiroanvleetcrrohoc e o,ln ar p eubibcliar ,mo ansie ntirono dia vecro nquilsalt iabteiord teifàni,tc actolanac ittaandzCiain.vi s romanus ssouncmoi, t tramodain:neo or qau elsaft oar mcuolcnau i esvsain talvala onaroppo a rtenaue nn' zoarn gizazazipoonlei tica che davlao drior eip trteirt oigdvaice i tt,a dnsionunid dLiart peiu.b blica garnatiqvuae ssttaso.Mt au giaàp aret idIIraIsl e caoC.l. o i lset itu ziorpneuib bleincatarornneio nc riiL.se ntammeain ntees ortaeb,i lmen Romsaai vòv idai vteaenur np rinpcai·tep o ouin i mp.e ro Sonqou eism toim ednetlsilt aor roimaa tnraaggi tattneie diu tee sti -orma,si piu bòe dnie r,d u«elc ais»csi inm atercihase,o ntou tttorraa ip idùi ufsmfia nuida isl torrmoiaan aad otntealutlniei s vieatrnàg lo sasnsi-o fimratdiaR obMe.rO tgil iveM iec hHa.Ce rla fwrodI.pl ri mo soic cudpeal lrg'eieamt,aà nroanc conta plarate i srdtafonlorliaa a dazio,tn reaidoinmzaelnfitses anteal5 3 a 7C. . C ominccoiinral ge no diTa ruqinPirisac iol, pdriermieoe turscPheiOr.g l iviien,f aRtotmia, divneeun nac itgrtaàza igeEl ritu s(cphleiur ci o,n tiorind uealctlia vilvtiàl lan)o.v iana VIII Presentazione InflitrataRi osmiaa p artdiarlel ad eVflIi sIne ec gollEiot ,rc uhsi - ubraniegrs atnidi igne gerin idurlai-ctirfo arsmoanruon i nsideim e comuniteàar,s tqasutiaanal qo u emlo mento iRnuo nma«a an,z io ne», Osgiclrviiedev i,ee dveiratuo an a nsuoocvciaoe stmào pmoilita, litaromgreannitzeze ra itcanc ealq,lu aas liietn ergvaanico a rattedrie l lac omponiengndnetiaee q uedlellcilo pamo neenttrceua s. Crawfordc,lo lengdaocsorin oogiclameanltfleia n dee lsltou ddii o Ogilv(hicese ci o ncclouindrl ea ccdoenslta ocd ciRo o maad o pedreai Galnle3il9, 0aC . .c)ci,o ncdeau,t trrsaisov e ecdoellriple uab ibclsai, no al mioncm u,eci notAnou gustpoup,rer manefnordmoal meinnt e viltieas titrupezuibobnlii cacniedò,fi a t tcl'oo i mmip.ner o Sonio ,s edeclorllepuaib blsieccao,l diia dvevennsiiem d eigu nreti reS.u pli ainnot erensovs,ei d osnidona ll'lie'psnliozsidioeo lnolpea posiztiraipo anrtei- zgliai r icsrttaiocchide fi,at teoar,n ios ovleiri cit tad-inei i epcslelbudesaiil,v l iapt oal ictuivice an,i vnageantoai n chfeon damentaplriiv adNteiliri 5.4t0 a t C..i u n'p aposciotmam issio ned id ieucoim ,i nDieic empvuibribicll,òce e lDeobdriiTac vioe l,c he avrerbodb oevuctoon cei dliuio eadr rinfaic,e nadloc cunocenei sosanii plebmeani pe:pu rael laoq ruae vsetnicn oen cdeisspo ssoau rnae p apr tene(nuotn 'e ap partteena)el' nlalotdrrionI ecl. o nubi(aulc mpa acità dic otnrarrei utsaneu ptviaal,ade i lreetg tiimmaot rimvoenninoe) concseosnlseo4ol 4 5 ,d oploac accdieadite ace mdvapilril ,e biCsacito nuleUina ot.dt pioa cificiapmzoirottneace,nh p ee raltirmop eindloì n rigseoerpr, itùa rddii ,riu orlcito eniftlti. Supli adein roa oppretsriit, le raep ubbfluis gcenaa dtaua n s usseguirsi incesdsgiauer nret,ae lt e mrindee lqleu ali saRiffo emrmacò o mpeot enza chdeo minnaovsnao llt1oa lmiaai ,Mle ditaenrero.su iaLrre ais stibile asecs(aiv trtisoauL ia tinne4il97,4- 9p6er sislloa gRegoi lqluoi,sn udii Vieenvtein)in tneeo rrtnte3al9 0d au ne evnttroua mtaiicG oa:l claaitl,i daNlo dra clo manBdreon ndsaia, cgg cihaeRnoom Sau.p teraail cuni an ni gradvice ri si, riluasp ceacìrli ttarrt ioràp e dnersieri, c ominpcoilòi la tidciac oniqtsuat:ra le a lretg ureerp,a rticoilpmaormretnqatuneet lel a cotnrioS anncihtei3 ,1n 8en,lep ier sdseilc lee leFborrhcieC audiinne, flsisoea riR omalan pii cùo centelo ordc eolnfitletM ea.a lfilnaeR oma pigeòa nclhare ei tssendeiz fiaer ic apmanIinv.a ,ni onsomlemp aop,o la ziointia lcieccrahreod niopo po rsRio:me aar p ifùor te. Giusteaa,mq eunetsotpoo spCirrawtforo,dp arldai« m ipre>oe>« mi perialrimosamnoRo»o. m a unnoifinc lat1 alliaca o,n quliase gtea- e Presentazione IX monziza. Ii tpaoplpedioroclnilio al oirdoe nptairtnlàota, u tltali i n guad evii ntcoiirv,e ongnion ogblantemilo ndeno e lclual tduiRor a maS.o neoeg moniznzosanot mtie,ts oqsueil:cl uoai ps iranèl oac itta dinarnmozaan a, vcatonanggi p isi coelm oagitceiric ahnleedi e vria noe, poqiucehnséot vnai elnoecr oon cpeesarst atr elmnaue ovgounero ra Rao m(a09 a C..) Inarrteaseb,Ri olmsapi nglese u mei efr uoird elplean isleoc liat:t à gerchCea,r taSgionleil.te adctaolc liatd tiTàa ra ntoP,i rrredo e,'El pil ros,ab rcianI a tliDaop.oa verprie tutasmcfieotnnttiReo o mamnuio ve vleaSr iscoii lsliu oaob: i eètq tuiedvliobl aott eirC ea rgitnaeesf oin daruen am onareclhiliseant Miacn ae.2l 57 v iesncefo intatB oe ne venOtrmoa.i Rèop morai etvtearltsacao o nqudieMslet dai atneerro. Alt ermdienlgelur ere ep unhienc,eè l ap adornaM.al e'noremset en siodneteie trriocrio nquèiu sntdoae ftiati t cohrcieo nutirsicbaom neot teirnec rilsari epu bblDiifficcai.cl oenl cieial res truept otluircthiec he avrebdboervouc toont seiel rnpaa rptaezciipoopnoaelr aegl ov erno( ela s semleebc)o unn n umeorc oessìt deics iot tdaidesimsniini antt eriri tori lontPaennrio .n lpaadrreepi or bledmoiv auidti is adcicc heoerrn aov e nuti tceomnap oi ctlora pnpoerra is enatoerquii (tgroelisingi aria men«tacev iael,rid »ivepnouuitn si o rdti«a on ibltdair» i ccchhaeiv ,e vanaoc quisltoparaotit omr oign riia ez caomlme cripoor,i baiist eon a toreai l',pla padletlor liasi coodnseesl ilem ptoe.Fs) uq uedsitcsoca ordo, dicCrea owrfdc,ha ep rlìas traadC ae aser eu nta i dpiog overnoc he supaevrlaei stitruepuzbibonlneiia,c pr eandloas traad aud nip soti smos,ip au irul mlino,ac tomfuep oqiu edliAl uog usto. Ma veniaalmol a qudeifso ntdioCo.on mese pi engoaO gilivee Crwafordc,hv iu oslc rievl era sdtiRo ormimaao ancrhiecr epau bblica nad evaeff ronutnpa orrbele mbae:n ppoecnrho deni, pr oec hi,ts rsai me lef ontdii dcipusoin isaomncooo v eea galvi venicmhpeeen rtaial ituro tanaro i cosPterruq iuraenr.ti og ualerop derase ti ocrhipe r,i mo roma nic hsec rios sserlat odreillalo acr ioft urtnoào Q .F abiPoi tet,ao lrfila ned eIIls ecaoC.l,. o u en gae neiroapnzietù a rCdait oinVelec c hiMoa. quetie-s tapi rceisnddearllelo aar tot eintdàisb-oinalon dpaetdriut i, cocsoìm lead ocumenutffaizciicoaonlese t idtaulrileest gtaizra iodein i princeievpnabtleiil dleinico imd,ief iun zioannanriui ea,d lfien omeni natluciro ansaitidipme orrtaannctdhiaep l u ndtivo i srtegialo isepo o lit(eile ccol pieserss ipe,im .oC )hiamAantnea lMeasx imqiu,e rsetgei stirazoannin uifia,n loa1 l30a .Cv.e,n ifvatatndeoap lo nitfemxa xi- Presentazione x musc,a pdoe l ocs oalcdleoertgdaielepi o ntifeiderc aneoesp s,o satl'ele sterndoe ldlai modriqa u esstut ia,v iomleb ia(natcbautldeae ea lba ta)ep, e ers esp eorcio nrsveanteega lcrih iEv iua.n c erptuono vt ennero riaeblàoetr peu bblMiac caotmegei. deà t tsoo naon daptederu tAel.le scanrnoet cihzeeis eds aiv aantnots iepreor aglltir osle t ocopriuecirci ei sonpoer veniuvtcieop ,mr eTstioLo i vMiaoL .i vsitoeer sas oc onsapevo led id isepdo firron tciot nrtaas,na tpliu ndtagio u ngesrpee aslsloa con cliuosnepesl,i citdaimcehnitcaehrl eoa' stcau,cr hietc àoc nidriaf avtat i antiecrthaa ile dcao nnsogenlnd itir i ircosctorcnuet irezzral.i Lefo ntleit terianriseo vmamnaun toi lciozcnzaa tuteelv aa,n ancoc o staeit tnee agtrdea lfonlet air cheoMlaos giluclphaeo .s sidbici olnieotsàc rae ttrrsaqovu eesutlet iif amtetc ihri es gaonloa leplo'cpai aùn tiqcuaa,n doa nrcano oenr daif ufsas criltuatr as,o nsota avtain nzoapnto icd huib bi.v alIodlroe c umednetriaet rismioa t earil(ira ricictnhie gullit ainmnii dai mpaonrtritniv entiièmi) efn antotggeit dtivo a lutcaoznitornais tanti. Traf ontleit teerr aioritvera meacnrhteio lvoigi cssiepo sncsooo n rvgeenze. Ir etsi mduraia crairccehetene mesnctopees rutPlia ltainneos onuon espeimcoo,cs oìm ieril t orvameanG taob ii cdopip daue nlals VIeIIoc ol aC..c olna apnitùsi crictati ang er cOol.t ari enc daeilr a'lltiov ello cul turarlea ggiuond taq uesta criittortvàa,m esqneutmeobis rnatafto ct oin frmearieral c coanl'tlaoapp ernzleagge ndadrii oP lusteacroicnqlodu ,oa leR omoo lsvair eabnbdeaa st cou (oPllau tRaormcooo6,l) ,. Mac omaec cneanvalmoeopi niionmn ait ersioand oie vrsdea: un catnov,iè c hi ricthqieue annseui l dliqa u essttoaar criaaip coase ssa serceo nos(cEimuiGtlaoib obR ao,m aa rcasitcoaer:s i taoo rgirafia, RomEad,zi ionsit oedrle iit aat etaru,2r 000,)d a'lallvtièri an vcehcie crecdhgeera zaile'l ucsriot dieclnolu eos vceo paerrtceh iecoshlieopag o s sibriciloesi traruen alitiqcuapemeler nieto edi oifid cearnietnl u ecodl i veristtào crihcea connetmiei netnu iet loll eegng de(eA dnreCaaa rndi niL,an ascdiiRt oam aD.è iL,a ruio,m ianl'illa bau ndaic iviltà, TorinEoi,n a1u9d97i ,G ei orndaisl cea vpoe:n sisepraird siui n archeolToorignooE,,i nau2d00i.0, ) Schemattiesc,pia u mdòei ncrhele ad ievregnzdaio p inivoenrsitu e quepsutnoo:tl an asciRtoamf audl ei's idtiuo np rocdefisor smoa zio neof uu na tdtfioon daz?iO ovnveiatmene,on ènq uelsast eapd eeer n trarneem le rdietdloi batBtatisetraoàv. e ravcicn eatnole:n uosvceo peratreec ohgliocihmep oonndgoir pi enspaorrbele amiffri no taitnqi u e stvoo lume. INDICDEE LV OLUME PARTEP RIMA LEO RIGINDII R OMA l. Introdusztioorniec a 5 II.L ef onti 8 Lef ontlie tteer:Dai roidoSrioc uDlioo,n diigA il icarnasso, Livio, QuintFoa biPoi ttore,i VlCe actcohnCieio c,en re-oLaq uestio ned egAlin neasMl axi-mLia g eneraziinoetnrem edViaal:e rio AnziaetL ei ciMnaicor eol at ipizzadzipi eornseao gngeir uo-li Laf ormaziocunlet udriaD lieo gnidi iA licamaLsasf oi g-udria Liveil oas uac oncezionset odreilal.a IIIL.a' rridveogE ltir uschi 23 L'urbaneseitmrou seci lso u oi mpatstuRo o ma- Lat raosrfma ziodnee'l raledae Flo r-oL'nigegneirdiraai uc-laL'eolvuziaolne l'epdoicT aar uqiniiSlou per-bImo itdiif 0ndazidoenlecl iat tà: EneeaR omoleRo e mo-Testimonsitaonrzieeca hrec heologiche suE nefaon datodriRe o ma deia ltcriete ttàr us-cLhraee ligione roman-a Martdei,v insiutpàr emnae llRao maa rcai-cIal pantheeotnr u-sLc'ooi rgienter usca dOit tGiiMmoaovs es i-mo Leo rigdienlil a cerdietmlro inoinaIf lco a l-endaarrciaoi co -La primoar ganiizozndaeez lels'erc-Riatom neTsi,t ies e Luceres L'nitroduzdieognolepi l -iItlsi istdeima aru rolamento. N. Nascdiiut naan azione 44 Laf uisoneet rusco-rocmaasndoae :l ilneis le ginset ituzei onali queldleola ll'featb-oL'origdiennieo mdie lgleetn eLs'-ograniz zazione asroccai-iaclLaeaC uri-Laa c la-ssTirsi bù urbane e trirbuùs ti-IclSh een a-tIPo atrLeafs or-maziodnipe a trizei ato ple-beP atreoc nlii entes. v. ServTiulol io 57 L'origdiennleo meT arquiend ieonl o meS ervTiuol l-Lieod i storsdieolnslita oo rgirarfoimaa n-Laap olitiacmaa ldgia mazio-