Storia della filosofia del linguaggio

444 Pages·2010·7.115 MB·Italian

by  Eugenio Coseriu, Donatella Di Cesare (editor)

STORIA
DELLFAlL OSOFIA
DELL INGUAGGIO
EugenCioos eriu
Ediziiotnael iana
ac urdaiD onateDliCl eas are
Carocci
Filosofia
LaS todreilafl ial odseol/fiinag uafgogriislleoi -brof apmioùs o
diC ose-rèii urli suldtiua ntaso e rdiile e zitoenniu atp ei rùi prese,
ap artire daclh1u9en6 a8s .t oPrèiiu ùang , r anddiea lcoogniof ilosofi
dac usiid elilnaes au rai lfessiDoonpeuo.n ap aritnet roduvtotlitvaa
.a l égittsiumsiae rnet,di eiHr eii degmgaea rn,c hdeiH umboledd itH egel,
lad omanfdial ossoufllii cnag uaCgogsieoar,ci cuo mpaigllne at tore
inu nae sploraazfifoansec icnhaceno tmei nnceilaGl rae cdiiPa l atone.
·
lc apistuoA lrii stostuLe elieb,en s iuzV icsoo nsoe nzdau bbiim oo menti
culmincaenlteièb;l r ace r itaiC chao msky.
EugenCioos er(iMui haiRloemnain,1i 9a2,1T -ubingen, G2e0r0m2an)i a,
èu nod egir anpdrio tagodneillslitani g uiesd teilfcliaal osofia
delli nguadgeglilo' usletciomClooo nu. n ao riginallieststiumraa
delsltor utturhaafl oinsdmauotn oan uov"al inguiinstteigcrcaah lee,"
ald il àd el sisgtueamraadn,ac haeif enomeni individuali del linguaggio
inu nap rospestetmipvfraie l osoIfnIi tcaapl.ei iran ,o sttriip i,
ès taptuob bliLciantog udiestlte is(ct5raoai sta2m0p0a 8).
DonateDliCl eas aèrp er ofesosrodrien dairF iiol osdoefllii an guaggio
allFaa codliFt iàl osdoefli"laSa a piedniRz oam"a T.r ias uouil tilmiib ri:
Utodpeiclao mpre(nGdeenro2ve0a 0 E3r)m;e neduetlfiilncaia t ezza
(Mil2an0o0 G4a)d;a m(Beorl o2g0na0G 7r)a;m madtetiiec map i
mesnsi ic(aiM i l2an0o0 8).
umversll.A a1t" aaova
BiblioMtaelcad ura
ISB9N7 8-88-430-5350-6
:':ll: l l'
'1 11111111111111111111111111111
Iii il l
9 7888430 53506
€ 41,00
?OL05 0033369
Il ettcohredi e sdeirano
f l
inormazisouvnioi u mi
pubblicadtalial c asedai trice
l d
possorniovg oersiir ettaam:e nte
d
Caroceciit ore
viSaa dregn5a0 ,
oo8r7R oma,
tleefonoo 64 28 r8 41 7,
faxo 64 27 47 93 1
Visitastuneloc sit sriotI on ternet:
htt/pww:w/. carocci.it
EugeCnoisoe riu
Stordieal flial osdoefllii an guaggio
Ediziiotnaela ic aunrdaaiD onatDeiCll eas are
Caroecdciit ore
EugeCnoisoe Greisuc,th dei ecSrhp rachpphhiiel.o so
Vodne Ann/ iingbeiRns o usseau.
Ne ub earbueniedtrw eeti vtoeJnro trA nl bcrhet.
Mieti nVeorr -BemveorJnkiigurenTngr abant
© 200A3.F ranVcekrelT aiigb,i nugneBdna se!
r•e diziitoanalea,i p ar2ni0l1e0
©copyr2i0gb1hy0Ct a roecdciitS o.rpeR. oAm.a,
RealizzaezdiiotnoeOr minailbeBo:ao rki,
Findiist toa menp ea'lralipl2re0 10
dallAerG tria ficheS rEUdlri,bt ionroi ali
ISBN9 78-38-0583-540-6
Riprdouziovniee taaist ean dsilie gge
(ar1t.7d 1el all egg2e2a pilre1 94n1.,6 3)3
Senzrae glaoraeu torizzazione,
èv ietraitpodru orrqeu esvtoluom e
anhcep arlzmieanteec o nq ulasiamseiz zo,
comprleasf oat ocoapnihcaep, e r inutseor no
dd
o iattico.
Indice
Coseerl idauo manfdiloas souflilic nag uaggio 13
diD onaatD eiCll esare
Perm-es-star ennntdi'o apo
di]ur1'greanb ant
Prefaaz'lidleoinzeit oendee sca 33
d]io rAn/brecht
1. Lap orblemfilaotsiocfai ca 35
1.1.T re dtisi cpiie nze 35
1.2. La ustttrduerldalo am anfildosao fico-scienti36f ica
1.3·T re dtidi opmia nfildoesi ocfo-scientifiche37
I.JL.ard .o madnas torli1 3c..aL2 a.d omansdcai enltI i.fiJLc.aaJ .
domanfidlao soofwiecralo,ad omansdulas e ndseol l'essere
1.4·P roblede ommia nudlet eriori 41
1.4D.o1m.a ncdhepe o sseosnsope orsemt aec ,h deir egonloavne n-
gono plo1 4s..t2De.o mandsec ifeinctvhieres usd omadnep re-
scientlif1 i..c43Lh·ie n guasgcgiieoen,f z ilao slo1 fi4.a. Il4·s ignifi-
catoog getetil us ailgen idfeillc'aetlso! s .e4rL·ea5d ·o mansduall e
pardtiuni tutto
1.5." ePrcchhéi ?e"Lda eq uestdiico hinine t erroga 44
2. Chceo 'slèfila o sodfeila li?n guaggio 45
2.1. Lal ingugiesnteircaal e 45
2.2. Lat eodreillai nguaggio 46
2.3L.afil osodfelilain guaggio 46
2.13F..i losdoelfilia n guaggioe " "immmeeddiialat2 t.aJa2".."L' au-
tonodmeillain guaggio
7
STORIA DELLA FILOSOFIA DELLI NGUAGGIO
3· Lafil osodfeillai ngunaegltglriaao d iiznidoinaen a 53
3-l.I ndicbaizbiloinoig rafiche 54
4· Eraclito 55
4-l.L afi losdoefllii an gudaiEg rgaicol ito 55
4.1I.1fl.r ammeBn1i:t cloo ncedtilt 6oge ol sed iffiecromletnàe uti-
chpei rùi lelv4a .n1t.I2ilr. a pponrotmoe -oglg4 e-It.ItJplo.r oble-
mad el"lgai usdteenizo zmai "
4.2.L ingueac gognionosz cTaer.Ea r acelP iatrnomi ede 62
4·3·I ndicbaizbilioongir afiche 62
5· Platone 63
p. Lingueac gognioos cenza 65
5.1L.1e. fofrnemoem enidce"hlle i nguaggio"
5.2.I rlpa porttor" aap ro"l "aeo gtgt"eo 66
5.2.I1lr. a ppotrrtao parola ei lpo rgogfeaitnlttooo lsolog titcoo
5.2.I2lr. a ppotrrtao paorgogleast otetoil t p or ofilsoe gnico
53·· Lap erisitdaoe rldloet tdriisncenu eCslrs aet ilo 69
5+ IClr atilo 73
5·4·I1lt. e mad ees tii ndaedlti aarlilo5 g-4o.L 2a.s trutdteulr ad ia-
logl5o - 4·I3Cl· r atsii/notd:ee rsiii s ultati
5·5·A ltqruee sstuilloin ngiu aggidoi P lnaeti ontee sti8 9
5·5L·1i.n guaegc goinoo scneenlSzleaat tliemtalt 5 e·r5·"a2V .e reo "
"falnseoSl"o /ista
5.6.I ndicbaizbiloinoig rafiche 94
6. Aristotele 95
6.r.I clo ntrdiiAb ruitsota olfiltloeasl oedfi elali nguaggio97
6.1A.1r.i stnoetleclloaem muonpisi ngiliio n:n uemveorflria intendi-
menlt6 i. 1.It2 .e sstulili ngual6g .g1iI.3olr. u odliAo r istnoetle-le
las todreilafl ial odseollfi inag ula6g .g1i.L4oo.s vilupeip slou pe-
ramendteolq luee stpiloantio niche
6.2.I clo ntrdiiAb ruitsot aoltfilelalo esd oefllii an giuoa:g g
unsog rudadoi' nsieme 100
6.2L.1at. r ipdlififceer enzdiearlza ipopnopera troo la-lo6 g.g2.e2t.t o
ll passadgaglcilaoau salialtlfaài nalli6 .t2à.K 3a.ts ày nthlé6 .k2e-n4 -
Ill6gaopso phanutnfiao krm6aps a:rti coldaelrl6eg soesm antik6s
8
INDICE
6.3I.cl o nitbrudtiAo r islteao ltfilleoas ioadf elli ngguiaog:
unrae tpertotsiva Il3
6.3.A1n.c osruarl a ppofrrptaao r o(llian guaego ggigoe)(t rteoa ltà
extralinlg6 u.i3s.M2to.id caald)ii at tàat luizzadzelil6ognosees-
mantil6k .63s.L 3ag. iustdeeznizo ame iil p robldeemllada e fini-
zioln6 e. 3.I.46.;.n omcao me nome comunveer:s udss eisgin-ificato
gnazilo6 .n3e.I.; 5u.n idteàsl i gninfeilcla'tion dteulilz'ileos nsee re
6.3.L6ad. imens"ioogngee tet" iivnat"e rsodgegllein tgtuiavgag"i o
inA ristlo6 t.3e.Al7re·i steol tase tloer diecllii tnàg uaUgngasi coo.-
peritnac ompll6 .e3tRi.a8c .e zieor niep ercussioni
6+ Indaizciboinbil iografiche 135
7· Glsit oici 173
7·1Il. s ignifdieclSalttapooe à rl os vilpupdoe llloage id ceal -
lgar ammatica 193
7.rI.;.ir .n dagliinneg udiesllt'iacSnatt oielàc ca ao ntrotvreaarn sai-a
logieas ntoim alisti
7.2n. s ignidfeilScltaaopt eàolr fia l osdoelfilia n guaggio1 41
7. 2.L1a.d istintzroiaro ingeein f eu nzidoenlilen guagl7g . i2o.2 .
Considerlaozgivioecrnsaue sc onsidergarzaimomnaetl i7 .c2al.e3 .
Lat eodreislae gno
7·3L·e t eolriineg udisiAt riicshteeod teegsllteioa ic coin -
froon t 147
7+ Indicbaizbiloinoig rafiche 147
8. Agostino 194
8.rS.u lslcai a delglita e sodtreoliliia cn ig:ue ad gesglei gon o 150
8.2I.m paarerein segnna drieal.oD gemo a gistro 154
8.2L.1at. eodreislae gln8 o. 2.A2c.c endniui n dai stintzrliaio nn-e
guaggio-eom gegteatltinog ula8 .g2g.Ii3no.s egcnoalnre pe a role.
n valorceo noscdietllii vnog uaggio
8.3O.s servazciirotnisicu hlel ad etllein ogruiadagiA g gi-oo
stino 168
8+ Aspetutlit edreilltoaer oilr iinag udiiAs gtoisctain o 171
8.5I.n cdaiziboinbil iografiche 172
9· Laf ilosdoefllii an gumaegdgiieov ale 173
9·1T.om masdo'q Aui(n1o2 24h5-1274) 174
9.rA.rr.i stnoetlell'edio T totmimcaals eto r:oe p erazioni dell'intellet-
toil l eo rroifl esnselio'O rgaonn 9l.2 1.T. rtei dipv ie rli9 t-àLL Ja.di -
9
STORIA DELLA FILOSOFIAD ELL INGUAGGIO
mensiinotneer sogdgeelinltg tuiavgalg9 i-o1. n4 l.in guacgogmieo
possidbiei mlanictiàp adzalil'hoinecetn undce ll'eslp9 e.r1.i5e.n za
Linguaggioe-m oegtgaelitntgolu9 a.g1.Tg6oi.mo m aesA or istotele:
aspeutlttie riori
9.2.L ad ottdreimion dasi i gcnnai/dinie Mle dioevo 181
9.2Al.1b.e rto MeSa iggnidoeiC roiu rlt9 r.a2i.T2 o.m madsiEo r -
fu(ratl DiuansSs c otl9o .)2 .li3 m.o dedlelmioo dsii gni/incealn-di
lsau ccessigvraa mtmeaotriicaa le
9·3· Lad ottdreilsnluaep poonssei ti 189
9··4 Note tseuodlrelisaiae gni 192
9-5· Indicbaizbiloinoig rafiche 194
10. JuaLnu iVsi vleafsli :o sodfelilia n gudaegRlgni iaos ci­
mento 197
10.1U.n n uoavcoc easlinlsg ou agngeilold 'eRelint aàs cimento19 8
10.2V.i veei rsl i nnovdaemlefilnlato osd oefllii an guaggio19 9
10.2T.e1.o dreislee ggnroam,m atsiecmaa,n lteiscsaeis ctailleli stica
10.2G.r2.a mmadteisccar oip trteisvcarl i1 0t.t2Ii.pl3vr. a i?m daetlo-
las torsiuclli'tuàn ivl!e 0r.s2n-a 4rl-iiftidàue tlgole an eralizzazione
delrleeg oglrea mmataitctarlaliv' earnsaoll1 o0.g2iI.a5lp. r imato
deldliam ensiinotneer sorgigseptaeqt tuitevoola gl gae tdteillvliaan -
gula1 0.2I.6rl.i fidueltloog icli1 0s.m2oL.7 a". ragicoonnetl"re o
antinoamrigeu te
10.3I.n cdaiziboinbil iografiche 204
II. René Dteeessl c 'aidrdeellali anu gnuiav ersale 207
11.1E.s iusntlaei ngu"iacsrttniea"csa?i a 210
II.2I.ll i ngucaogmgei ods eigsntoi n'tuiovmoo dell 212
II.3L'.di edae lllai nugnuiav eirnCs atarelsei o 213
II+ Iplr ogdeiut ntlaoni guuan ivedraRs aaiolmned Lou llo
aL eibniz 215
II-4L-eliI n.g uunei vearp soasltiel 1r 1i.o4L.re2lii. n guunei vear sali
prilo1 r1.i4L .e3·i benl ialz i nrgautai onalis
II5.. Indicbaizbiloinoig rafiche 223
12. JohLno cke 225
12.1L.a fil osodfielali ngudaiLg ogcikoe 227
12.1L.a1f. un ziodneleli ngula1 g2g.1iL.oo2s . tadteuslse glinn-o
guistico
IO
INDICE
12.2L.a s emandtiLi occkae 232
12.2C.r1.i taLi occak e
12.3I.m erdiiLt oic ke 235
12-4I.sl i stdeemlsalc ei esnezceoL nodcok e 237
12.5L'.im potrandziLa o cpkeelr os vilduepllfpailo o sdoefli a
linguaggio 238
12.6I.n dicbaizbiloinoig rafiche 239
13. GottfWriilehLdee lbimn iz 241
13.1I.cl o nfrdoiLn etiobc noiLnzoc ke 243
13.2L.i naggiugoc,o nonszc"aee,rat làe"s cieinnLz okace e
Leibniz 245
13..21A.s trazeli ionngeu la1 g3g.i2".o2E .s seend zeaf"i nilz ione
13.2L.e3s. p eec ilieo rnoo mli1 3 .2L-4i-nguaeg gsicoi enza
1·33· Iclo rnitbduLite oi banlfililozas odfelilia n guUangog io.
sguadrn'dsioi eme 251
1-34·I ndaizciboinbil iografiche 251
14. Contiend uiisttciàon nnueilltsaàt odreillfilaao sodfeila
linguaggio 253
1.41.C onutiitdniàr,a mae"z esinotniiine trtei"tr iro 253
14.2L.a fil osodfielalin guamgogdieoer l nsaau d diviisni one
corrdeinvteir se 256
14-.J Indiocnbaiiz biliografiche 257
15. ISle tteicnGe rnaBtnro e taaL.ga fin losdoelfilian guag-
gitore am piisr,mp olatoenp iisscmool ogismo 259
lp. GeorBgeer k(e16l8e5y-) 1 753 259
15.2D.a vHiudm (e17 II-)1 776 268
1-5.J JmaeHsa r(r17i0s9 -)1 78o 271
1-54- Altrfilioo sfdiel lin guangegSlie ot teincgelnetsoe 280
15-4A.d1a. Smm i(t1h7 23-1l71 950-)4J -o2.s ePprhi e(s1t7l3e3-y1l 8 04)
15.4J-a3-meBsu rnLeotr,Md o nbod(d1o71 4·1l71 959.)4 J-4o-hn
HornTeo ok(1e7 36-1812)
1·55· Indicbaizbiloinoig rafiche 305
16. GiambaVtitcios ta 307
16.1D.i verse psrtoosrnpieecllth'teini tveer pdi rVeictoa zi3o0n9 e
II