Stoicism and Emotion PDF
Preview Stoicism and Emotion
stoicism and emotion stoicism & emotion margaret r. graver The University of Chicago Press Chicago & London Margaret R. Graver is associate professor of classics at Dartmouth College. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2007 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2007 Printed in the United States of America 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 1 2 3 4 5 isbn- 13: 978- 0- 226- 30557- 8 (cloth) isbn- 10: 0- 226- 30557- 0 (cloth) Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Graver, Margaret. Stoicism and emotion / Margaret R. Graver. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn-13: 978-0-226-30557-8 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn-10: 0-226-30577-0 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Stoics. 2. Emotions (Philosophy). I. Title. II. Title: Stoicism and emotion. b528.g73 2007 128'.37093—dc22 2007015185 o The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1 992. B.E.G. round the griefs of the ages contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Emotion and Norms for Emotion 1 1 A Science of the Mind 15 The Psychic Material (cid:129) The Central Directive Faculty Thought, Belief, and Action (cid:129) Affective Events 2 The Pathetic Syllogism 35 Emotions and Ascriptions of Value (cid:129) Appropriateness Evaluations and Their Objects (cid:129) The Stoic Ethical Stance Eupathic Responses (cid:129) Classifi cation by Genus Classifi cation by Species (cid:129) Some Remaining Questions 3 Vigor and Responsibility 61 Rollability (cid:129) Overriding Impulses Medea and Odysseus (cid:129) Plato and Platonists The Posidonian Objections (cid:129) Freedom 4 Feelings without Assent 85 Beginnings and “Bitings” at Athens (cid:129) The Senecan Account “A Requirement of the Human Condition” Alexandrian Propatheiai (cid:129) A Stoic Essential vii viii Contents 5 Brutishness and Insanity 109 Orestes and the Phantastikon (cid:129) Melancholic Loss of Virtue Fluttery Ignorance (cid:129) Emotions as Causes (cid:129) Brutishness Seneca’s Three Movements 6 Traits of Character 133 Scalar Conditions of Mind (cid:129) Fondnesses and Aversions Proclivities (cid:129) Habitudes of the Wise 7 The Development of Character 149 Empiricism and Corruption (cid:129) The Twofold Cause Cicero’s Hall of Mirrors (cid:129) The Establishment of Traits Autonomy and Luck 8 City of Friends and Lovers 173 Concern for Others (cid:129) Proper Friendship and the Wise Community Friendship and Self- Sufficiency (cid:129) Optimistic Love Ordinary Affections 9 The Tears of Alcibiades 191 Wisdom and Remorse (cid:129) Strategies for Consolation The Status of Premise 2 (cid:129) Progressor- Pain and Moral Shame Apatheia Revisited Appendix: The Status of Confi dence in Stoic Classifi cations 213 List of Abbreviations 222 Notes 223 Bibliography 257 Index Locorum 269 General Index 279
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