Stenochrus portoricensis , Zomus bagnallii and a new genus of schizomids (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from a greenhouse in Frankfurt am Main, Germany

2015·6 MB·English

by  Luis F De Armas

Arachnologische Mitteilungen 49: 55-61 Karlsruhe,Juni 2015
Stenochrusportoricensis,Zomus bagnalliiand a new genus ofschizomids
(Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from a greenhouse in Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Luis F. de Armas & Stefan Rehfeldt
doi: 10.543l/aramit4906
Abstract.Anewgenusofhubbardiidschizomid,Bucinozomus gen.nov.withthesinglespeciesB.hortuspalmarum
spec,nov., isdescribed on basistotwo male specimensfound inthe"Palmengarten"greenhouse in Frankfurtam
Main,Germany. Itclearlydiffersfrom other known genera by having a long and conical abdominal segment IX,as
wellasthefollowingcombinationofcharacters:anterodorsal marginoffemurIVproduced atlessthana 90°angle,
metapeltidium divided, and pedipalps with prominent spinose setae. It differs from Ththyreus Kraepelin, 1899 by
having the pedipalp trochanter with a mesal spur, leg femur IV not slender and a pedipalp tarsus with a shorter
claw(halfoftarsuslength).Living sympatricwiththisnewtaxonwerefemalespecimensofStenochrusportoricensis
Chamberlin, 1922andZomusbognallii(Jackson, 1908).
Keywords:Europe,Hubbardiinae,short-tailedwhipscorpions,taxonomy
Zusammenfassung.Stenochrusportoricensis,Zomusbagnalliiund eine neueZwerggeißelskorpion-Gattung
(Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) aus einem Gewächshaus in Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland. Die neue Zwerg-
geißelskorpion-GattungBucinozomusgen.nov.(Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) mitderbishereinzigen bekanntenArt
B.hortuspalmarum spec.nov.wurdeerstmalig anhand von zwei männlichen Individuen,welche in den Gewächs-
häusern des Palmengartens in Frankfurtam Main (Deutschland) gefundenwurden, beschrieben.Sie unterscheidet
sich deutlich von allen anderen bisher bekannten Gattungen durch den Besitz eines langen, kegelförmigen Ab-
dominalsegments IX, sowie durch eine Kombination folgenderMerkmale: Deranterodorsale Rand des Femurs IV
bildeteinenWinkelunter90°aus,dasMetapeltidiumistgeteiltunddiePedipalpenweisenauffälligstacheligeSetae
auf.Von derGattung Trithyreus Kraepelin, 1899 lässt sich die neue Gattung anhand eines mesalen Sporns aufden
Pedipalpen-Trochantern, einem insgesamtweniger schlanken Femur IV und kürzeren Klauen an den Pedipalpen-
tarsen (Hälfte derTarsuslänge) unterscheiden. Am Fundort kommt B. hortuspalmarum spec. nov. sympatrisch mit
WeibchenvonStenochrusportoricensisChamberlin, 1922undZomusbagnallii(Jackson, 1908)vor.
Schizomids are an understudied order of arachnids ofwhich represents a new genus and species,which
mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, are herein described.
although three species have been accidentally intro-
ducedintoEurope: StenochrusportoricensisChamber- Materialandmethods
lin, 1922, Schizomuscrassicaudatus (O. P.-Cambridge, This study was based on 12 specimens (two males;
1872) and Zomus bagnallii (Jackson, 1908) (Reddell ten females) from a greenhouse in Frankfurt am
&
Cokendolpher 1995, Harvey 2003, Korenko et
al. 2009, Nedved et al. 2011, Christophoryova et al. Tab.l:SchizomidspeciesintroducedintoEurope
2013, Zawierucha et al., 2013) (Tab. 1). From Ger-
species countryandreference
man greenhouses, Cokendolpher et al. (2006) and
Blick et al. (2006) recorded further undetermined Bucinozomus Germany(thispaper)
schizomids from Frankfurt am Main. hortuspalmarutn
As a result of several samplings during 2012- Schizomus France (Pickard-Cambridge 1872)
2014 in the wet tropical section ofa greenhouse in crassicaudatus
FrankfurtamMain,thesecondauthor(SR) collected Stenochrus Czech Republic (Korenko etal.2009),
schizomid specimens belonging to three species,one portoricensis Germany&(thispaper).GreatBritain
(Reddell Cokendolpher 1995),Po-
land (Zawieruchaetal.2013),Slovakia
(Christophoryovaetal.20&13),Spain
LuisF.deARMAS,P.O.Box4327,SanAntoniodelosBanos,Artemisa (CanaryIslands:Martin Oromi
32500,Cuba;E-mail:[email protected] 1984,Sevilla: Barranco etal.2014)
SE-tmeafialn:RsEtHeFfEanLrDeTh,[email protected]ße27,12683Berlin,Germany; Zomusbagnallii Germany(thispaper).GreatBritain
(Jackson 1908)
submitted:22.8.2014,accepted12.1.2015,online10.6.2015
56 LF.deArmas&5.Rehfeldt
Main, Germany.The specimens are deposited in the the formerbyhaving a trochanterwith a mesal spur,
followinginstitutions: leg femur IV not slender, and a pedipalp tarsus with
lES Institute de Ecologia y Sistematica, La Ha- shorterspurs and claw(halfoftarsus length).Onthe
bana,Cuba. other hand, the female of T. grassii (Thorell, 1889)
MfN: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute lacks eye spots. Clavizomus is characterized by ha-
for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Ber- ving clavate setae on the body and legs; a mesal spur
lin,Germany. on the pedipalp trochanter is also lacking.The New
SMF: Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main, World genera Heterocubazomus, Reddellzomus and
Germany. Tayos clearly differ from Bucinozomus by having pe-
&
Nomenclature follows Reddell Cokendolpher dipalps without spinose setae, an anterior process of
(1995). Notation for chaetotaxy oftergites I-VIII is the propeltidium with 1+1 setae, male pedipalps not
that of Harvey (1992). For flagellar chaetotaxy we sexually dimorphic {Tayos Reddellzomus), and the
,
follow Harvey (1992), as modifled by Reddell &c metapeltidium entire {Reddellzomus).
Cokendolpher (1992) and Moreno-Gonzalez et al. Description: Anterior process of propeltidium
(2014).The setalgroup numbering for the chelicerae with two setae followed by another one (2+1); cor-
follows Lawrence (1969); with notation ofthe for- neate eyes absent; metapeltidium clearly divided
&
mula as suggestedbyMoreno-Gonzalez Villarreal (Fig. 6). Bodywithout clavate setae. Pedipalps sexu-
(2012).Measurements are given in millimeters; total ally dimorphic. Male pedipalps armed with strong
length excludes the flagellum; pedipalps and legs ex- mesal spuron trochanterand short,strongspiniform
clude the coxae. setae on ventroanterior surface of the femur (Figs
9-10). Movable cheliceral Anger without accessory
Taxonomy tooth (Fig. 13),with a guard tooth at end ofserrula.
FamilyHubbardiidae Cook, 1899 Anterodorsal margin of femur IV produced at less
SubfamilyHubbardiinae Cook, 1899 than a 90° angle (Fig. 12).Male abdominal segments
GenusBiicinozomusgen.nov. IX elongate and cylindrical (Figs 1-5). Abdominal
Type species: Bucinozomushortmpalmarum spec.nov. tergite II with two posterior setae. Abdominal seg-
Diagnosis: The elongate and cylindrical abdominal mentXII ofmaleswithout dorsalprocess (Fig. 7).
segment IX ofthe adult male ofB. hortuspalmarum Etymology: The generic name is derived from
spec. nov. (Figs 1-5), is unlike that of any other the Latin nounbucina (trumpet),relatingto thevery
schizomid genus. Also, the following combinati- attenuate last abdominal segments ofthe male, and
&
on ofcharacters differentiate this taxon from other the name Zomus Reddell Cokendolpher, 1995. It
Hubbardiidae: anterior process ofpropeltidiumwith is masculine in gender.
2+1 setal arrangement; pedipalps presumably sexu- Remarks: Although this new genus is known
ally dimorphic; male pedipalps armed with spinose only from male specimens, the diagnostic characters
setae (Figs 9-11); anterodorsal margin offemur IV are sufficient forits correct identification.
producedatlessthana90°angle (Fig.12);metapelti-
dium divided (Fig.6); and male abdominal segments Bucinozomushortuspalmarum spec.nov.
IX-XII attenuated (Figs 1-5). Figs 1-15,Tabs 1-2
The only hubbardiid genera having the antero- Type data: Holotype$(SMF),GERMANY: Frank-
dorsal margin offemur IV produced at less than a furt am Main: Palmengarten; Tropicarium (N
m
90° angle are Clavizomus Reddell &c Cokendolpher, 50°07’27.28”- E08°39’23.89”, approximately 112
1995 (Singapore,WestMalaysia andJava),Heterocu- a.s.L), 22 February, 2012; leg. Stefan Rehfeldt (in
bazomusTeruel, 2007 (Cuba,West Indies), Reddell- greenhouse; section: coastal and mangrove forests;
&
zomusArmas,2002 (Cuba), TayosReddell Coken- under a stone; near an allotment ofrice). Paratype:
dolpher, 1995 (Ecuador, SouthAmerica), Thrithyreus $ (MfN), 26 March, 2013; other data same as the
Kraepelin, 1899 (Myanmar), and an undescribed holotype.
genus from Guerrero State, Mexico, mentioned by Distribution: Only known from the type locality
Armas 6c Palacios-Vargas (2006). Bucinozomus clo- (Fig. 15).
sely resembles Trithyreus and Clavizomus by having Diagnosis: Propeltidium with three pairs ofdor-
spinose setae on the pedipalps, but it differs from salsetae.Male flagellumwiththebulb fleur-de-luce-
NewgenusofschizomidsfromaGermangreenhouse 57
Figs 1-8:Bucinozomushortuspalmarum. Male holotype. 1,alive inthe Frankfurtgreenhouse.2-3, habitusdorsal (2) and lateral (3).
4,opisthosoma,dorsal.5,Abdominal segments IX-XII,ventralaspect.6, prosomaandfirsttergites,dorsal.7-8,lastabdominalseg-
mentsandflagellum,dorsal(7)andventral(8)
58 LF.deArmas&S.Rehfeldt
Figs9-14.Bucinozomushortuspalmarum.Maleholotype.9-11,pedipalp:mesalview(9),trochanterandfemur,externalaspect(10),
patella,ventralaspect(11). 12,Legslll-IV. 13,chelicera,fixedandmovablefinger. 14,tergitesVII-VIII.
shaped in dorsal and ventral aspect, without dorso- Cheliceralfixedfingerwithfouraccessoryteeth(Fig.
median prominences (Fig. 8). 13); serrula on the movable finger with 25 hyaline
Male: Yellowish-brown,with propeltidium, che- teeth. Chaetotaxy: setal group formula: 3-2-2-S-
licerae,pedipalp coxae and flagellum darker. Propel- 19-1; G1 (setae group 1) with three spatulate setae,
tidium with three pairs ofdorsal setae; ocular spots having each the basalpart smooth,and the restwith
irregular in form, sub ovate. Metapeltidium clearly minute spiniform spicules. Pedipalps (Figs 9-11):
divided (Fig. 6). Anterior sternum with 11+2 setae. trochanter apicallypronounced,sharp-pointed,with
NewgenusofschizomidsfromaGermangreenhouse 59
Figs15-17.GeneralviewoftheFrankfurtgreenhouses(15).LivingfemalesofStenochrusportoricensis(16)andZomusbagnallii(17),
bothfromtheFrankfurtgreenhouses
a mesalspur; femur 1.7 times longerthanhigh,with dll basal to vml level, dl2 almost at the same level
twostoutventroanteriorsetae,thebasaloneonalar- than vll, vml basal to vm2, vm5 in middle of the
ge tubercle; patella 1.1 times longer than femur and bulb, dl3 near to the apex, clearly shorter than vl2;
3.0 times longerthan high; claw0.6 times as longas laterally and basal to dl2 there are two pairs ofmi-
thedorsallengthofthetarsus.Chaetotaxyoftergites crosetae; dm5 and vm4 are lacking. Measurements
I-VIII: 2+4 (microsetae diagonal): 2+4 (microsetae (seeTab.2).
incolumn):2:2:2:2:2:5+4 (Figs 4,6, 14). SegmentIX Female: Unknown.
with more than 10 dorsal setae (Figs 3-5);XandXI Etymology:Tie specificnameis derivedfromthe
very short; X with a pair oflarge dorsolateral setae Latin words hortus (garden) and palmarum (geniti-
and six pairs ofventral setae; XI with six pairs of ve plural ofpalm),because the schizomid specimens
ventral setae; XII without dorsal median eminence, were found in a greenhouse ofthe Palm Garden in
with four dorsal setae, a pair oflateral setae and six Frankfurt.
ventral setae. Flagellum resembles, at grosso modo, Natural history: The only available specimens
anIris flower (Figs 7-8); bulb 1.3 times longer than (two males) were found under stones in the palm
wide, without dorsomedian eminences; chaetotaxy: garden (Palmengarten) ofthe Frankfurt greenhouse,
15 setae (7 dorsal, 8 ventral), dml on the bulb base. sympatricwith S.portoricensis.
60 LF.deArmas&5.Rehfeldt
Tab. 2: Measurements (mm) ofBucinozomushortuspalmarum. (SMF), 22 February, 2012; 299 (SMF), 29 March,
H,height;L,length;W,width. 2013; 19 (SMF), 17 May,2014; leg. Stefan Rehfeldt
characters dholotype (in greenhouse; sections: coastal and mangrove fo-
TotalbodyL 6.20 rests; monsoon and trade wind forests; and the bro-
LAY
Propeltidium, 1.55/0.98 meliad house; under stones and under flowerpots).
Flagellum,LAY/H 0.83/0.52/0.33
Pedipalp,L 4.04
Discussion
Trochanter,L/H 0.88/0.41
Femur,L/H 0.93/0.52 Three schizomid species are now known to occur in
Patella,L/H 1.01/0.33 German greenhouses.There is evidence that at least
Tibia,L/H 0.83/0.28 one ofthem reproduces in this habitat (Blick et al.
Tarsus,L 0.39 2006). Stenochrusportoricensis and Z. bagnallii are re-
Claw,L 0.23 lativelywidespread in the Frankfurt amMaingreen-
LegI,L 8.90 house, where they became established more than
Femur,L 2.10 ten years ago (Blick et al. 2006, Cokendolpher et al.
FLeemgurlY,,LL/H 51..9609/0.60 2006).But this is notthe case forB.hortuspalmarum^
only known from two male specimens collected in
the Palmengarten.
Stenochrusportoricensis naturally occurs in several
Comments: On May 2014, SR again visited the countries ofthe NewWorld (Reddell & Cokendol-
greenhouse in Frankfurt,but unfortunatelyonly one pher 1995), from which it has been introduced into
specimen ofZ. bagnalliiwas found, no other schizo- the Canary Islands and several European countries
mids.The plants near the locationwere wateredvery (Tab. 1). Zomus bagnallii was imported to France
intensively and this could have been the reason for from Sri Lanka. But the bizarre B. hortuspalma-
the schizomids scarcityduring thisvisit. rum was inadvertently introduced into the German
greenhouse from an unknown country, although
Stejwchrusportoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 some ofits morphological characters clearlyresemb-
Fig. 16,Tab. 1 le those ofcertain south-eastern Asian genera (such
First record for GERMANY: Frankfurt am as Clavizomus and Trithyreus), perhaps the area in
Main: Palmengarten; Tropicarium (N50°7’27.28 - which it naturallyoccurs.
m
E8°39’23.89,approximately 112 a.s.k): 5 99 (lES),
22 February,2012; leg. Stefan Rehfeldt (greenhouse;
section: coastal and mangrove forests; under a stone; Acknowledgements
near an allotment ofrice). We are much indebted to Mark S.Harvey(WesternAus-
tralianMuseum)foridentificationofZomusbagnalliispeci-
Comments: Korenko et al. (2009) wrote that mens.OscarF.FranckeandDavidOrtizMartinez(Institute
''Stenochrus portoricensis [...] has been accidentally de Biologia, UNAM, Mexico, D. F.) kindly mediated in
introducedinto manycountries [...] andevenin Eu- the transport ofspecimens from Germany to Cuba.Theo
rope: [...] Great Britain and Germany (Blick 2006, Blick (Frankfurt) generously supplied some literature and
Cokendolpher et al. 2006).” On the other hand, ac- information on the alleged records ofS.portoricensis from
cording to Nedved et al. (2011),“Blick (2010) recor- Germany.JamesC.Cokendolpher(MuseumofTexasTech
ded S.portoricensisfrom Germany”,buttheywrongly University, USA) and an anonymous referee contributed
towards improvingthe finalversionofthis paper.
cited this 2006-online-source. Also, Theo Blick (e-
mailto SRonAugust2014)wrotethattherecordsof
S.portoricensis in Germany have not been published References
with this species name so far. Armas LFDEScPalacios-VargasJG2006 Primerregistro
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