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Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures: Art, Science, and Clinical Techniques PDF

815 Pages·2014·56.45 MB·English
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Melvin A. Shiff man Alberto Di Giuseppe Franco Bassetto Editors Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures Art, Science, and Clinical Techniques 123 Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures Melvin A. Shiffman Alberto Di Giuseppe (cid:129) Franco Bassetto Editors Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures Art, Science, and Clinical Techniques Editors Melvin A. Shiffman Franco Bassetto Section of Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery Newport Specialty Hospital, University of Padova Tustin , CA Padova USA Italy Alberto Di Giuseppe The Hospital Group London UK Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Marche Polytechnic University Medical School University of Ancona Ancona Italy ISBN 978-3-642-45206-2 ISBN 978-3-642-45207-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-45207-9 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014941115 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword Research on stem cells has lately received much public attention following decades of painstaking work by scientists and physicians in many fi elds, who have been deciphering some of the most fundamental questions about life with the goal of improving health. Currently, stem cells research is generating considerable excitement and debate, which is clearly refl ected in the ever-increasing number of books, scientifi c publications in peer-reviewed journals and clinical trials using stem cells. The important properties of stem cells, such as maintenance of quies- cence, self-renewal capacity, and differentiation potential, have propelled this exciting fi eld and presently form a common theme of research in develop- mental biology and medicine. In 2012 two prominent scientists, John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and have helped lay the founda- tion for regenerative medicine, the hotly pursued though still distant idea of rebuilding the body with tissues generated from its own cells. They discov- ered that mature, specialised cells can be reprogrammed to become immature cells capable of developing into all tissues of the body. Their fi ndings have revolutionised our understanding of how cells and organisms develop. The excitement and controversy surrounding stem cells and their applica- tion in aesthetic procedures caused Dr. Melvin A. Shiffman, Dr. Alberto Di Giuseppe and Dr. Franco Bassetto to assess the scientifi c and therapeutic value of adipose derived stem cells. The contributors appointed to write the chapters have a wealth of expertise in the basic and clinical biomedical sci- ences and perform procedures that are assisted by the use of adipose derived stem cells. The book covers the necessary basic concepts of adipose stem cell tech- nology in order to facilitate the reader’s understanding, to anticipate the potential applications in this fast-growing fi eld and to concentrate on the application and clinical use in aesthetic therapeutic procedures. It includes aspects of applied research, comparison of different methods in adipose stem cells derivation and their application in facial, breast and body procedures. The focus is on the advantages and concerns associated with the interactions of adipose derived stem cells and fat grafting for aesthetic procedures, which happens to be one of my own particular area of interest and expertise. Emerging discoveries in stem cell biology, like stromal enriched lipograft, v vi Foreword have revealed a multitude of mechanisms through which adipose derived stem cells could augment the traditional techniques in aesthetic surgery. Perhaps, after a few decades, medical historians will look back to the turn of this century, and pronounce that the ability to harvest and manipulate adi- pose derived stem cells for the purposes of enhancement and regeneration of tissue in adult humans was one of those major, remarkable events. The editors and the chapter contributors are to be congratulated. Athens , Greece Aris Sterodimas, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D. Pref ace There is no doubt that stem cell research, retrieval, and therapy has become a popular subject of discussion and, at times, controversy especially with obtaining fetal stem cells. However, there has been substantial progress in retrieving autologous stem cells and understanding the role of stem cells in a variety of diseases and disorders. There are many books about stem cells but none that have concentrated on the use of stem cells in the area of aesthetic procedures as this book does. This book is an attempt to acquaint the medical profession with the pos- sible uses of stem cells, more specifi cally with fat transfer, in aesthetic proce- dures. Basic information is given on the history of stem cells, the physiology and biochemistry of stem cells, and stem cells with adipose tissue survival. There are descriptions of a variety of techniques in the use of stem cells with fat transfer in a number of areas of the body for aesthetic purposes as well as the possible complications that may occur. There are a variety of methods for retrieving autologous stem cells and it is not known if any method is better than the rest. The percentage of stem cells needed to provide for fat transfer with an increased survival of fat is dif- fi cult to determine adequately at the present time. However, various authors will provide their impressions on how to increase fat transfer survival. The information in the book is provided by many international experts in a variety of subjects that should stimulate the reader to better understand the role of stem cells in providing angiogenesis and adipogenesis to stimulate the improved percentage of fat survival as well as the range of techniques for aesthetic procedures that may be used. Tustin, CA, USA Melvin A. Shiffman, M.D., J.D. vii Contents Part I Stem Cell Therapy Overview 1 Stem Cell Applications: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Sandro Eridani Part II Biochemistry and Physiology of the Stem Cell 2 Adipose Cell Precursors: Stem Cells in Medicine, Tissue Engineering, and Reconstructive Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . 19 Michael V. Dodson , Min Du , Sandra G. Velleman , Douglas C. McFarland , Melinda Fernyhough-Culver , Shengjuan Wei , Marcio S. Duarte , Zhihua Jiang , and Gary J. Hausman 3 Tissue Engineering of Vascularized Adipose Tissue for Soft Tissue Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Silvan M. Klein , Jody Vykoukal , Lukas Prantl , and Juergen H. Dolderer 4 Surface Antigenic Profi les of Stem Cells from the Human Bone Marrow, Subcutaneous Fat, and Omentum Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Indumathi Somasundaram , Radhakrishnan Harikrishnan , Rashmi Mishra , Rajkumar J. Sankaran , and Dhanasekaran Marappagounder 5 Human Adipose Tissue as a Source of Multipotent Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Andrew I. Li , Akishige Hokugo , Reza Jarrahy , and Patricia A. Zuk 6 Adipocytes and Osteoblasts from Human Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Production of Compatible and Safe Biomaterial Crucial in Cosmetic, Reconstructive, and Regenerative Medicine. . . . 85 Toai Cong Tran , Ciro Gargiulo , Thao Duy Huynh , Khanh Hong Thien Bui , Luis Filgueira , and Douglas M. Strong ix

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Interest in the use of stem cells in aesthetic procedures has been increasing rapidly, reflecting the widespread acknowledgment of the tremendous potential of stem cell fat transfer. This is, however, the first book to be devoted entirely to the subject. The book opens by reviewing the history of th
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