Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures: Art, Science, and Clinical Techniques

815 Pages·2014·56.45 MB·English

by  Melvin A. Shiffman

Melvin A. Shiff man
Alberto Di Giuseppe
Franco Bassetto Editors
Stem Cells in
Aesthetic Procedures
Art, Science, and
Clinical Techniques
123
Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures

Melvin A. Shiffman
Alberto Di Giuseppe (cid:129) Franco Bassetto
Editors
Stem Cells in Aesthetic
Procedures
Art, Science, and Clinical Techniques
Editors
Melvin A. Shiffman Franco Bassetto
Section of Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery
Newport Specialty Hospital, University of Padova
Tustin , CA Padova
USA Italy
Alberto Di Giuseppe
The Hospital Group
London
UK
Department of Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery
Marche Polytechnic
University Medical School
University of Ancona
Ancona
Italy
ISBN 978-3-642-45206-2 ISBN 978-3-642-45207-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-45207-9
Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014941115
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Foreword
Research on stem cells has lately received much public attention following
decades of painstaking work by scientists and physicians in many fi elds, who
have been deciphering some of the most fundamental questions about life
with the goal of improving health.
Currently, stem cells research is generating considerable excitement and
debate, which is clearly refl ected in the ever-increasing number of books,
scientifi c publications in peer-reviewed journals and clinical trials using stem
cells. The important properties of stem cells, such as maintenance of quies-
cence, self-renewal capacity, and differentiation potential, have propelled this
exciting fi eld and presently form a common theme of research in develop-
mental biology and medicine.
In 2012 two prominent scientists, John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka,
were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and have helped lay the founda-
tion for regenerative medicine, the hotly pursued though still distant idea of
rebuilding the body with tissues generated from its own cells. They discov-
ered that mature, specialised cells can be reprogrammed to become immature
cells capable of developing into all tissues of the body. Their fi ndings have
revolutionised our understanding of how cells and organisms develop.
The excitement and controversy surrounding stem cells and their applica-
tion in aesthetic procedures caused Dr. Melvin A. Shiffman, Dr. Alberto Di
Giuseppe and Dr. Franco Bassetto to assess the scientifi c and therapeutic
value of adipose derived stem cells. The contributors appointed to write the
chapters have a wealth of expertise in the basic and clinical biomedical sci-
ences and perform procedures that are assisted by the use of adipose derived
stem cells.
The book covers the necessary basic concepts of adipose stem cell tech-
nology in order to facilitate the reader’s understanding, to anticipate the
potential applications in this fast-growing fi eld and to concentrate on the
application and clinical use in aesthetic therapeutic procedures. It includes
aspects of applied research, comparison of different methods in adipose stem
cells derivation and their application in facial, breast and body procedures.
The focus is on the advantages and concerns associated with the interactions
of adipose derived stem cells and fat grafting for aesthetic procedures, which
happens to be one of my own particular area of interest and expertise.
Emerging discoveries in stem cell biology, like stromal enriched lipograft,
v
vi Foreword
have revealed a multitude of mechanisms through which adipose derived
stem cells could augment the traditional techniques in aesthetic surgery.
Perhaps, after a few decades, medical historians will look back to the turn
of this century, and pronounce that the ability to harvest and manipulate adi-
pose derived stem cells for the purposes of enhancement and regeneration of
tissue in adult humans was one of those major, remarkable events.
The editors and the chapter contributors are to be congratulated.
Athens , Greece Aris Sterodimas, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D.
Pref ace
There is no doubt that stem cell research, retrieval, and therapy has become a
popular subject of discussion and, at times, controversy especially with
obtaining fetal stem cells. However, there has been substantial progress in
retrieving autologous stem cells and understanding the role of stem cells in a
variety of diseases and disorders. There are many books about stem cells but
none that have concentrated on the use of stem cells in the area of aesthetic
procedures as this book does.
This book is an attempt to acquaint the medical profession with the pos-
sible uses of stem cells, more specifi cally with fat transfer, in aesthetic proce-
dures. Basic information is given on the history of stem cells, the physiology
and biochemistry of stem cells, and stem cells with adipose tissue survival.
There are descriptions of a variety of techniques in the use of stem cells with
fat transfer in a number of areas of the body for aesthetic purposes as well as
the possible complications that may occur.
There are a variety of methods for retrieving autologous stem cells and it
is not known if any method is better than the rest. The percentage of stem
cells needed to provide for fat transfer with an increased survival of fat is dif-
fi cult to determine adequately at the present time. However, various authors
will provide their impressions on how to increase fat transfer survival.
The information in the book is provided by many international experts in
a variety of subjects that should stimulate the reader to better understand the
role of stem cells in providing angiogenesis and adipogenesis to stimulate the
improved percentage of fat survival as well as the range of techniques for
aesthetic procedures that may be used.
Tustin, CA, USA Melvin A. Shiffman, M.D., J.D.
vii

Contents
Part I Stem Cell Therapy Overview
1 Stem Cell Applications: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Sandro Eridani
Part II Biochemistry and Physiology of the Stem Cell
2 Adipose Cell Precursors: Stem Cells in Medicine,
Tissue Engineering, and Reconstructive Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . 19
Michael V. Dodson , Min Du , Sandra G. Velleman ,
Douglas C. McFarland , Melinda Fernyhough-Culver ,
Shengjuan Wei , Marcio S. Duarte , Zhihua Jiang ,
and Gary J. Hausman
3 Tissue Engineering of Vascularized Adipose Tissue
for Soft Tissue Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Silvan M. Klein , Jody Vykoukal , Lukas Prantl ,
and Juergen H. Dolderer
4 Surface Antigenic Profi les of Stem Cells from
the Human Bone Marrow, Subcutaneous Fat,
and Omentum Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Indumathi Somasundaram , Radhakrishnan Harikrishnan , Rashmi
Mishra , Rajkumar J. Sankaran , and Dhanasekaran Marappagounder
5 Human Adipose Tissue as a Source
of Multipotent Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Andrew I. Li , Akishige Hokugo , Reza Jarrahy ,
and Patricia A. Zuk
6 Adipocytes and Osteoblasts from Human Adipose
Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Production
of Compatible and Safe Biomaterial Crucial
in Cosmetic, Reconstructive, and Regenerative Medicine. . . . 85
Toai Cong Tran , Ciro Gargiulo , Thao Duy Huynh ,
Khanh Hong Thien Bui , Luis Filgueira , and Douglas M. Strong
ix