Statistical Physics of Fracture, Beakdown, and Earthquake: Effects of Disorder and Heterogeneity PDF
Preview Statistical Physics of Fracture, Beakdown, and Earthquake: Effects of Disorder and Heterogeneity
SoumyajyotiBiswas,PurusattamRay, andBikasK.Chakrabarti StatisticalPhysicsofFracture, Breakdown,andEarthquake RelatedTitles Klages,R.,Just,W.,Jarzynski,C.(eds.) Sahimi,M. NonequilibriumStatistical FlowandTransportinPorous PhysicsofSmallSystems MediaandFracturedRock FluctuationRelationsandBeyond FromClassicalMethodstoModern Approaches 2013 ISBN:978-3-527-41094-1,alsoavailable 2011 indigitalformats ISBN:978-3-527-40485-8,alsoavailable indigitalformats Hertzberg,R.W.,Vinci,R.P.,Hertzberg,J.L. Guyer,R.A.,Johnson,P.A. DeformationandFracture NonlinearMesoscopic MechanicsofEngineering Elasticity Materials TheComplexBehaviourofGranular MediaincludingRocksandSoil 2012 ISBN:978-0-470-52780-1,alsoavailable indigitalformats 2009 ISBN:978-3-527-40703-3,alsoavailable indigitalformats Freiman,S.,Mecholsky,J.J. TheFractureofBrittle Reichl,L.E. Materials AModernCourseinStatistical TestingandAnalysis Physics 2012 2009 PrintISBN:978-0-470-15586-8,alsoavailable ISBN:978-3-527-40782-8,alsoavailable indigitalformats indigitalformats Recho,N. Tjong,S.C. FractureMechanicsandCrack CarbonNanotubeReinforced Growth Composites MetalandCeramicMatrices 2012 ISBN:978-1-84821-306-7,alsoavailable indigitalformats 2009 ISBN:978-3-527-40892-4,alsoavailable indigitalformats Klages,R.,Radons,G.,Sokolov,I.M.(eds.) Goehring,L.,Nakahara,A.,Dutta,T., Kitsunezaki,S.,Tarafdar,S. AnomalousTransport DesiccationCracksandtheir FoundationsandApplications Patterns 2008 FormationandModellinginScienceand ISBN:978-3-527-40722-4,alsoavailable Nature indigitalformats 2015 Kagan,Y. PrintISBN:978-3-527-41213-6;alsoavailable inelectronicformats Earthquakes Models,Statistics,TestableForecasts 2014 PrintISBN:978-1-118-63792-0,alsoavailable inelectronicformats SoumyajyotiBiswas,PurusattamRay, andBikasK.Chakrabarti Statistical Physics of Fracture, Breakdown, and Earthquake EffectsofDisorderandHeterogeneity TheAuthors AllbookspublishedbyWiley-VCHare carefullyproduced.Nevertheless,authors, Dr.SoumyajyotiBiswas editors,andpublisherdonotwarrantthe SahaInstituteofNuclearPhysics informationcontainedinthesebooks, 1/AFBidhanNagar includingthisbook,tobefreeoferrors. Kolkata700064 Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthat India statements,data,illustrations,procedural detailsorotheritemsmayinadvertently beinaccurate. Prof.PurusattamRay CITCampus InstituteofMathematicalSciences LibraryofCongressCardNo.:appliedfor Chennai600113 India BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-Publication Data Prof.BikasK.Chakrabarti Acataloguerecordforthisbookis SahaInstituteofNuclearPhysics availablefromtheBritishLibrary. AppliedMath.andComp.Science 1,Bidhannagar Bibliographicinformationpublishedbythe Kolkata700064 DeutscheNationalbibliothek India TheDeutscheNationalbibliothek liststhispublicationintheDeutsche Nationalbibliografie;detailed bibliographicdataareavailableonthe Internetat<http://dnb.d-nb.de>. ©2015Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co. KGaA,Boschstr.12,69469Weinheim, Germany Allrightsreserved(includingthoseof translationintootherlanguages).Nopart ofthisbookmaybereproducedinany form – byphotoprinting,microfilm, oranyothermeans – nortransmitted ortranslatedintoamachinelanguage withoutwrittenpermissionfromthe publishers.Registerednames,trademarks, etc.usedinthisbook,evenwhennot specificallymarkedassuch,arenottobe consideredunprotectedbylaw. PrintISBN:978-3-527-41219-8 ePDFISBN:978-3-527-67267-7 ePubISBN:978-3-527-67265-3 MobiISBN:978-3-527-67266-0 oBookISBN:978-3-527-67264-6 CoverDesign SchulzGrafik-Design, Fußgönheim,Germany Typesetting LaserwordsPrivateLtd., Chennai,India PrintingandBinding MarkonoPrint MediaPteLtd,Singapore Printedonacid-freepaper VII Contents SeriesEditors’Preface XIII Preface XV Notations XVII 1 Introduction 1 2 MechanicalandFracturePropertiesofSolids 7 2.1 MechanicalResponseinMaterials 8 2.1.1 ElasticandPlasticRegions 8 2.1.2 LinearElasticRegion 9 2.1.3 NonlinearPlasticRegion 10 2.2 Ductile,Quasi-brittle,andBrittleMaterials 11 2.3 DuctileandBrittleFracture 11 2.3.1 MacroscopicFeaturesofDuctileandBrittleFractures 12 2.3.2 MicroscopicFeaturesofDuctileandBrittleFractures 14 3 CrystalDefectsandDisorderinLatticeModels 17 3.1 PointDefects 17 3.2 LineDefects 18 3.3 PlanarDefects 20 3.4 LatticeDefects:PercolationTheory 22 3.5 Summary 25 4 NucleationandExtremeStatisticsinBrittleFracture 27 4.1 StressConcentrationAroundDefect 27 4.1.1 Griffith’sTheoryofCrackNucleationinBrittleFracture 30 4.2 StrengthofBrittleSolids:ExtremeStatistics 32 4.2.1 WeibullandGumbelStatistics 32 4.3 ExtremeStatisticsinFiberBundleModelsofBrittleFracture 34 4.3.1 FiberBundleModel 34 4.3.1.1 StrengthoftheLocalLoadSharingFiberBundles 35 4.3.1.2 CrossoverfromExtremetoSelf-averagingStatisticsinthe Model 35 VIII Contents 4.4 ExtremeStatisticsinPercolatingLatticeModelofBrittle Fracture 37 4.5 MolecularDynamicsSimulationofBrittleFracture 39 4.5.1 ComparisonswithGriffith’sTheory 39 4.5.2 SimulationofHighlyDisorderedSolids 41 4.6 Summary 42 5 RoughnessofFractureSurfaces 45 5.1 RoughnessPropertiesinFracture 45 5.1.1 Self-affineScalingofFracturedSurfaces 46 5.1.2 Out-of-planeFractureRoughness 47 5.1.3 DistributionofRoughness:Mono-andMulti-affinity 49 5.1.3.1 NonuniversalCases 50 5.1.3.2 AnisotropicScaling 54 5.1.4 In-planeRoughnessofFractureSurfaces 56 5.1.4.1 WaitingTimeDistributionsinCrackPropagation 60 5.1.5 EffectofProbeSize 62 5.1.6 EffectofSpatialCorrelationandAnisotropy 65 5.2 MolecularDynamicsSimulationofFracturedSurface 66 5.3 Summary 68 6 AvalancheDynamicsinFracture 69 6.1 ProbingFailurewithAcousticEmissions 70 6.2 DynamicsofFiberBundleModel 74 6.2.1 DynamicsAroundCriticalLoad 77 6.2.2 DynamicsatCriticalLoad 81 6.2.3 AvalancheStatisticsofEnergyEmission 81 6.2.4 PrecursorsofGlobalFailureintheModel 82 6.2.5 BurstDistribution:CrossoverBehavior 84 6.2.6 AbruptRuptureandTricriticalPoint 85 6.2.7 DisorderinElasticModulus 87 6.3 InterpolationsofGlobalandLocalLoadSharingFiberBundle Models 88 6.3.1 Power-lawLoadSharing 89 6.3.2 Mixed-modeLoadSharing 90 6.3.3 HeterogeneousLoadSharing 92 6.3.3.1 DependenceonLoadingProcess 93 6.3.3.2 ResultsinOneDimension 94 6.3.3.3 ResultsinTwoDimensions 96 6.3.3.4 ComparisonwithMixedLoadSharingModel 101 6.4 RandomThresholdSpringModel 101 6.5 Summary 107 7 SubcriticalFailureofHeterogeneousMaterials 111 7.1 TimeofFailureDuetoCreep 111
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