Statistical Methods in Hydrology and Hydroclimatology

448 Pages·2022·4.297 MB·English

by  Rajib Maity

Springer Transactions in Civil
and Environmental Engineering
Rajib Maity
Statistical Methods
in Hydrology and
Hydroclimatology
Second Edition
Springer Transactions in Civil
and Environmental Engineering
Editor-in-Chief
T.G.Sitharam,IndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati,Guwahati,Assam,India
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Rajib Maity
Statistical Methods
in Hydrology
and Hydroclimatology
Second Edition
RajibMaity
DepartmentofCivilEngineering
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKharagpur
Kharagpur,India
ISSN2363-7633 ISSN2363-7641 (electronic)
SpringerTransactionsinCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering
ISBN978-981-16-5516-6 ISBN978-981-16-5517-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5517-3
1stedition:©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2018
2ndedition:©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringer
NatureSingaporePteLtd.2022
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Singapore
Dedicatedtomy
Parents
andmywife
Mitali
Preface to the Second Edition
Prefaceofthefirsteditionexplainstheimportanceofstatisticalmethodsinhydrology
andhydroclimatologywasemphasized.Overallcontentandorganizationofthebook
were also explained. The first edition of the book was indeed very popular as I
can understand through the communications of readers from all over the world. I
recall the appreciation of many readers as the book ‘includes everything that we
need’.ThoughIunderstandtheover-enthusiasmbehindtheappreciation,Itriedto
coverawiderangeoftopicsstartingfromthebasicfundamentalknowledgetothe
advancereal-lifeapplicationsofstatisticalmethodsinthedomainofhydrologyand
hydroclimatology. Still, there was a need to include some more topics and more
explanations insomeofthesections,alreadyincludedinthefirstedition.Another
importantadditioninthiseditionistheinclusionofsamplescriptsusingPythonand
RinadditiontoMATLAB-basedscriptsthatwereincludedinthefirsteditionitself.
Thus, this edition comes with the sample scripts based on all three very popular
codingplatformsforthestudentsandresearchers,i.e.,MATLAB,PythonandRat
the end of each chapter. Readers may find them useful, particularly the beginners
whowanttocodetheconceptinparalleltolearningthefundamentalconcepts.
Kharagpur,India RajibMaity
vii
Preface to the First Edition
Intheareasofhydrologyandhydroclimatology,usageofdifferentstatisticalmethods
isinevitableduetoinherentuncertainty.Hydrologyandclimatologyaretwoareasof
sciencethatinvolvestudiesrelatedtohydrologicandclimaticsystems/subsystems
respectively.Inconnectionwiththeclimatechangeanditsimpactsonwaterresource
engineering,hydrologicandhydroclimaticproblemsarenowbeingaddressedhand
in hand. Random variability of hydrologic variables has a long history since its
recognition,andseveralstatisticaltechniquesarecurrentlyinuse.Further,thecorre-
spondence between climatic variability and hydrologic variability has produced a
relativelynewinterdisciplinaryfield,knownashydroclimatology.Itprovidesaplat-
formtoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenclimaticfactorsandhydrologicvariables
over space and time. Spatio-temporal evolution of such relationship is essential in
thecontextofclimatechange.Severalstatisticalmethodologiesarecurrentlybeing
developedandintroducedinthissubjectareatotacklenewemergingchallenges.
Thisbookfocusesonawiderangeofstatisticalmethodsrangingfromfundamental
conceptstoadvancedtheoriesthatarefoundtobepotentialandessentialtodealwith
thereal-lifeproblemsinthefieldsofhydrologyandhydroclimatology.Besidesother
advancedtheories,thebookalsointroducesthetheoryofcopulasanditsapplications
inachapterwithmanyillustrativeexamplesandMATLAB-basedsmallcodestodeal
withtheproblemsandsolutionsinhydrologyandhydroclimatology.
Part of the book is intended to serve as a textbook for graduate courses on
stochastic methods in hydrology and related disciplines. The book may also be a
valuableresourceforresearchers,professionals,anddoctoratestudentsintheareas
ofhydrology,hydroclimatology,andrelatedfields.Thisbookisbroadlyorganized
asfollows:Chapter1providesabasicintroductiononthesubjectareaandroleof
statistical methods in it. Chapters 2 and 3 are introductory in nature and present a
thoroughdiscussiononthebasicconceptsofrandomexperiment,randomvariables,
and some basic exploratory statistical properties. Chapter 4 provides mathemat-
ical and conceptual foundations of commonly used probability distributions in the
domainsofhydrologyandhydroclimatology.Chapter5dealswithfrequencyanal-
ysis,risk,anduncertaintyinhydroclimaticanalysis.Hypothesistestingandnonpara-
metrictestsarediscussedinChap.6.Regressionanalysisandmultivariateanalysis
ix
x PrefacetotheFirstEdition
includingANOVAandwaveletanalysisarecoveredinChaps.7and8,respectively.
Chapter9presentstheconceptsofhydroclimatictimeseriesanalysisandforecasting
including stationarity, homogeneity, periodicity. Chapter 10 portrays the potential
of copula theory in hydrology and hydroclimatology. Copulas help to develop the
jointdistributionbetweenmultipleassociatedhydroclimaticvariables.Itspotential
infrequencyanalysis,multivariatemodeling,simulationandpredictionisdiscussed
forhydroclimaticproblems.
Kharagpur,India RajibMaity
Acknowledgements
There are many individuals who directly or indirectly contributed to this book. It
starts with many professors and academicians in India and abroad with whom I
interactedthroughvariouscollaborations.
Iwouldalsoliketoacknowledgethesupportofferedbymanyresearchstudents.
Specifically,supportfromMayankSuman,SubharthiSarkarandRiyaDuttaishighly
appreciatedandacknowledged.Iacknowledgethesupportduring2nd editionproof
checkingbyRiyathatwasalsoveryhelpful.Duringthe1st edition,technicalhelp
fromMayankisalsoacknowledged.Inaddition,discussionandsupportfromother
students,suchasSubhasmitaDash,ImranKhan,SubbaraoPichuka,ANaren,Manali
PalandKironmalaChandaarealsoacknowledged.Ialsoacknowledgethesupport
fromtheeditingteamatSpringer.
Finally,itismywifeMitali,afriend,philosopherandguide,whoisalwayswith
meinallmyupsanddowns.Tostatetheleast,Imustmentionherdedication,sacrifice
andlovewithoutwhicheverythingismeaningless.
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