Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures

470 Pages·1991·1.193 MB·English

by  Ch. Wohlfahrt (auth.), O. Madelung (eds.)

1 Introduction 1
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1 Introduction
1.1 Selection of data
More than 30 years after the publication of a data collection on dielectric properties in the 6th Edition of
Landolt-Börnstein [59 LB 1] a complete volume is presented here, providing an up-to-date view for this property.
The data collections by Achadov from the 1970th [72 A 1, 77 A 1] are probably not widespread and are again out-
of-date today. Other recent books did not appear on this subject and no computerized data bank offers an actual and
complete file with dielectric constants in the liquid state.
Of course, in comparison with the former collection in this series there was a necessary specialization for this
new one, i.e. only static dielectric constants of pure liquids (mainly organics) and of binary liquid mixtures at
m
normal pressure (or in some single cases at the saturation vapour pressure) were taken into account.
No data at higher pressures were collected, no data for the gaseous state and no data for dielectric relaxation
o
processes at higher frequencies have been included here.
This is mainly due to the vast amount of measured data, which furthermore forced thc e author to restrict the part
for the binary mixtures to one single data set for each binary mixture at one temperature (in all cases where more
. e
than one data set at different temperatures was given in the publication, the sfet at or nearest to 293 K wwas acrhosen).
In most cases users are interested in deviations from a "linear mixing bedhaviour" only, which does onfott very much
s
depend on temperature. F
p D
For mixtures, this data set is a recommended one, when more than one investigationS ofP a mixture is published
in the literature. The choice for this recommendation is bsased on the accuracy in conRceTntration, dielectric constant,
A
and temperature claimed by the authors of the pubtlication and, in connection wo fi th that, on the equipment used for
the measurements. Special attention was dirercted to all information abouot nt he purity of the substances used in a
study, too. Nevertheless, there remained saome problems with the evaleuratsiion for quite a number of data sets. In these
v
cases the more actual measurement was chosen or experience hado to help, respectively.
. m
As there is much more need by users for dielectric conestant data of pure liquids no such restricted choice was
w d
done with these data. Of course, obviously wrong gd aat a were neglected, but we decided to provide an almost
n
complete collectiown of all published data as ans ioverview. This does not mean that the user has to fear about
u
inaccurate information. On the other hand wed realize the fact, that it is very difficult to get precise knowledge about
e
the real waccuracy of the published valudeisf ifor the dielectric constant of a liquid. Older data are seldom more precise
o
than 0.1 %. More recent measuremments with better technical equipment reach about 0.01 % (mainly for small static
n
dielectric constants; with a ceretain rule errors increase with increasing dielectric constant). The most difficult source
e
b
for errors is, also with rse spect to its evaluation, the purity of the substances. Especially small water impurities may
a
cause serious erroFr s, hbut this information was neglected in the majority of all publications concerned.
D
For manPy liquids the user will not have a choice between several data sets for the static dielectric constant,
because hiit sw as measured only once. In all other cases the data are given in the order, that single measurements at
T
one temperature come first and temperature dependent measurements after them. Different data sets with values at
different temperatures, unfortunately, do not necessarily follow accurate the same temperature dependence, so that
no regressions were made here.
1.2 Dielectric constant, temperature, composition
This volume contains data on dielectric constants as function of temperature and - for mixtures - as function of
composition.
Dielectric constant e (relative permittivity)
All dielectric constants are static values measured in static fields or at frequencies where no relaxational effects
occur. Data recalculated from measurements at higher frequencies by means of Cole-Cole-, Cole-Davidson-, or
other equations for the dielectric dispersion region were not taken into this compilation (maybe there are some
cases, where it was not perceptible in the original source).
2 1 Introduction
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Thus, there is no special need to give here any information about techncial details of the apparatuses used or
the frequency applied in the literature source. Readers, who are interested in details of experimental methods, will
find an overview in the books [61 O 1] and [69 H 1].
Temperature T [K]
All measured temperatures are converted into absolute temperatures in K and rounded to a tenth of a Kelvin
corresponding to their usual accuracy (with exeptions made for precise measurements at low temperatures for some
liquified gases).
Mole, volume and mass fraction x , f , w
2 2 2
Three different concentration variables were used in the literature. In most cases the mole fraction x is given,
2
but there are also a number of mixtures where the volume fraction f 2 or the mass fraction w2 are used. mIf they were
given together in the original source, the mole fraction was prefered for the table in this volume.
o
1.3 Arrangement of data c
. e
The data table for the pure liquids is organized by the sum formulae witfh increasing number of C, wH,a rhalogen
d o ft
(F, Cl, Br, I), O, N, S, P ... atoms. Each substance is characterized by its chemical name and adsditionally by its
F
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number to allow ap well defined search whereD chemical names are
P
difficult or different names are in common use. S
s R T
The data sets for a pure liquid are arranged according to the year of publicatioA n beginning with the newest set
and going back in time. t o f
n
The data table for the binary liquid mixturres is organized by the ssuimo formulae of the first substances and for
mixtures with a common first substancea by the sum formulae ofv tehre second ones, but taking into account the
o
chemical nature of the liquids for .asking which substance is thme first one and which is the second one. This leads to
e
the following order: hydrowcarbons (aliphatics, naphthean icd s, aromatics), halogen derivatives, oxygen derivatives
(without alcohols and acids), nitrogen derivatives, nsugl fur derivatives, . . ., alcohols, acids. In all cases with mixed
w si
derivatives the inner order follows again this urule. This principle is applied in many data collections for binary
d
mixtures. e
w difi
Thus, in a number of cases tho e order used in the original source was changed for this data collection.
m
Nevertheless, some users may fni nd this inconvenient and even miss the data set of a special mixture (because they
e
prefer other rules). Therefob ree all "second substances" are also listed in the tables with a remark under which "first
s
substance" the reader wa ould find the data.
h
The compDosFit ion of any mixture is always given for the second substance.
P
s
hi
T
1.4 Index of substances, nomenclature
An Index of Substances arranged alphabetically according to the gross formulae is given in chapter 4 for all
substances occuring in the tables of chapters 2 and 3.
An Index of Substance Names seemed not to be useful. Most organic substances are known under different
names, trivial names are often used more frequently than CAS-registry names. In the tables the chemical names
have been unified up to a certain degree to present data from several sources under equal names and to find isomeric
derivatives by equal rules. Such names have been chosen which give the user the best information about the
structure of the substance. Trivial names have been avoided as far as possible.
In any case, the user will find the information he is looking for by first searching the gross formula of a given
substance and then identifying the substance by its name and its CAS-registry number.
1 Introduction 3
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1.5 References
59 LB 1 Stuart, H., Fink, A. W., Truscheit, E., Gast, E., Gast, Th.: Landolt-Börnstein, Zahlenwerte und Funk-
tionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik, 6th Ed., vol. 2, part 1, p.613 . . 870,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg 1959
72 A 1 Achadov, J. J.: Dielektricheskie Svoistva Tchistych Zhidkostei, Izd. Standartov, Moskva 1972
77 A 1 Achadov, J. J.: Dielektricheskie Svoistva Binarnych Rastvorov, Izd. Nauka, Moskva 1977
61 O 1 Oehme, F.: Dielektrische Meßmethoden, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1961
69 H 1 Hill, N.E., Vaughan, W.E., Price, A.H., Davies, M.: Dielectric Properties and Molecular Behaviour,
van Nostrand Publ., London 1969
m
o
c
. e
f w a r
d o ft
s
F
p D
P
S
s R T
A
t o f
n
r o
si
a e r
v
o
. m
e
w d
a
g
n
w si
u
d
e
w difi
o
m
n
e
e
b
s
a
h
F
D
P
s
hi
T
Ref. p. 229] 2.1 Pure liquids: data 5
____________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Gross Name and CAS-Registry Number Ref.
formula
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Pure liquids
2.1 Data
2.1.1 Liquid elements
1 Ar argon [7440-37-1]
T [K] 87.02 91.02 96.55 102.06 107.30 112.37 116.90 121.30 77 P 1
e (T) 1.5039 1.4937 1.4793 1.4643 1.4496 1.4344 1.4201 1.4056
T [K] 125.41 129.58 133.50 135.97 140.00 142.81 145.13 147.12
e (T) 1.3911 1.3752 1.3583 1.3418 1.3247 1.3073 1.2900 1.2712
T [K] 148.80 149.07
e (T) 1.2477 1.2432
T [K] 91.2 100.2 108.2 115.2 75 P 1
e (T) 1.4937 1.4698 1.4473 1.4261
2 Br bromine [7726-95-6]
2
e (288.2 K) 3.119 28 A 1
T [K] 273.2 282.4 288.2 297.9 305.5 311.4 317.2 321.4 30 D 1
e (T) 3.3336 3.2603 3.2177 3.1484 3.0941 3.0554 3.0211 3.9943
T [K] 327.0
e (T) 2.9644
3 Cl chlorine [7782-50-5]
2
T [K] 208.0 210.5 215.6 220.6 227.9 235.5 240.0 37 K 1
e (T) 2.147 2.139 2.123 2.104 2.088 2.059 2.048
T [K] 213.2 253.2 283.2 1895 L 1
e (T) 2.150 2.030 1.970
4 D deuterium [7782-39-0]
2
T [K] 17.759 17.759 20.112 20.507 20.885 21.198 21.408 21.833 75 C 4
e (T) 1.2896 1.2648 1.2793 1.2781 1.2770 1.2757 1.2745 1.2731
T [K] 22.163 22.533 22.729
e (T) 1.2715 1.2698 1.2690
T [K] 18.80 18.98 19.58 20.57 20.63 21.18 42 I 1
e (T) 1.282 1.281 1.277 1.275 1.275 1.272
5 F fluorine [7782-41-4]
2
T [K] 53.48 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 100.0 72 S 3
e (T) 1.4913 1.4577 1.447 1.4362 1.4251 1.4136 1.4018 1.3895
T [K] 105.0 110.0 115.0 120.0 125.0 130.0 135.0 140.0
e (T) 1.3761 1.3631 1.3486 1.333 1.3156 1.2959 1.2722 1.2398
6 2.1 Pure liquids: data [Ref. p. 229
___________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Gross Name and CAS-Registry Number Ref.
formula
___________________________________________________________________________________________
T [K] 141.0 142.0 143.0 144.31
e (T) 1.2311 1.2208 1.2073 1.1498
T [K] 57.37 60.51 4.41 8.38 3.00 5.01 9.40 83.18 37 K 1
e (T) 1.567 1.561 0.553 0.546 1.536 1.533 1.524 1.517
6 H hydrogen [1333-74-0]
2
T [K] 13.52 14.307 14.472 15.130 15.608 16.327 17.000 17.628 75 C 4
e (T) 1.2792 1.2522 1.2515 1.2495 1.2481 1.2458 1.2435 1.2414
T [K] 18.289 18.853 19.385
e (T) 1.2391 1.2369 1.2344
7 HD hydrogen-deuterium [13983-20-5]
T [K] 16.783 16.948 17.580 18.099 18.599 19.005 19.642 20.158 75 C 4
e (T) 1.269 1.2688 1.2667 1.2650 1.2631 1.2614 1.2588 1.2566
T [K] 20.970 21.535 22.194
e (T) 1.2532 1.2505 1.281
8 He helium [7440-59-7]
T [K] 2.055 2.276 2.287 2.295 2.311 2.635 3.09 3.59 28 W 1
e (T) 1.0555 1.0558 1.0558 1.0559 1.0558 1.0553 1.0539 1.0518
T [K] 4.19
e (T) 1.048
9 I iodine [7553-56-2]
2
T [K] 391.25 397.05 409.85 418.85 440.85 32 J 1
e (T) 11.08 11.23 11.54 11.92 12.98
10 Kr krypton [7439-90-9]
T [K] 119.80 116.08 64 A 1
e (T) 1.664 1.657
11 N nitrogen [7727-37-9]
2
T [K] 63.15 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 86.00 92.00 98.00 74 E 1
e (T) 1.4680 1.4650 1.4522 1.4390 1.4254 1.4083 1.3901 1.3702
T [K] 102.0 106.0 110.0 114.0 116.0 118.0 120.0 122.0
e (T) 1.3564 1.3411 1.3243 1.3052 1.2945 1.2823 1.2689 1.2526
T [K] 124.0 125.0 126.2
e (T) 1.2311 1.2154 1.1559
T [K] 78.5 76.2 72.3 69.5 63.3 30 M 2
e (T) 1.455 1.462 1.472 1.480 1.500
12 Ne neon [7440-01-9]
T [K] 26.11 26.38 26.50 26.62 26.75 26.86 27.0 27.11 66 B 1
e (T) 1.1907 1.19 1.1897 1.1893 1.1889 1.1887 1.1883 1.188
T [K] 27.25 27.38 27.50 27.62 27.75 27.86 28.0 28.10
e (T) 1.1876 1.1872 1.1868 1.1865 1.1861 1.1858 1.1854 1.1850
T [K] 28.25 28.37 28.50 28.61 28.75 28.82 29.00
e (T) 1.1846 1.1843 1.1839 1.1836 1.1831 1.1828 1.1824
Ref. p. 229] 2.1 Pure liquids: data 7
____________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Gross Name and CAS-Registry Number Ref.
formula
____________________________________________________________________________________________
13 O oxygen [7782-44-7]
2
T [K] 54.478 55.000 56.000 62.000 64.000 68.000 72.000 76.00 72 Y 1
e (T) 1.56848 1.56740 1.56510 1.55178 1.54731 1.53835 1.52935 1.52026
T [K] 80.000 84.000 88.000 92.000 96.000 100.00 102.000 104.000
e (T) 1.51108 1.50179 1.49242 1.48272 1.47285 1.46280 1.45769 1.45250
T [K] 106.000 108.000 110.000 112.00 114.00 118.000 120.000 122.000
e (T) 1.44723 1.44188 1.43637 1.43089 1.42522 1.41356 1.40751 1.40132
T [K] 124.000 126.000 128.000 130.000 134.000 138.000 142.000 146.000
e (T) 1.39488 1.38828 1.38152 1.37440 1.35939 1.34282 1.3240 1.30164
T [K] 148.000 150.000 152.000 153.000 153.500 154.000
e (T) 1.28828 1.27244 1.25206 1.23804 1.22904 1.21646
14 O ozone [10028-15-6]
3
e (191.2 K) 1.46 59 P 1
T [K] 90.2 103.2 108.2 118.2 130.2 138.2 147.2 155.2 59 H 3
e (T) 4.75 4.33 4.15 3.85 3.64 3.46 3.33 3.20
T [K] 175.2 180.2 185.2
e (T) 2.91 2.84 2.78
15 P phosphorus [7723-14-0]
T [K] 307.2 314.3 317.2 320.2 321.2 321.8 322.2 328.2 33 D 1
e (T) 4.096 4.073 4.064 4.055 4.052 4.052 4.047 4.027
T [K] 358.2
e (T) 3.860
16 S sulfur [7704-34-9]
T [K] 407.2 413.2 418.2 426.2 428.2 440.2 446.2 448.2 74 B 2
e (T) 3.4991 3.4934 3.4870 3.4743 3.4702 3.4866 3.4912 3.4942
T [K] 450.2 460.2 479.2
e (T) 3.4933 3.4953 3.4976
17 Se selenium [7782-49-2]
T [K] 510.65 529.85 548.25 574.55 58 W 1
e (T) 5.44 5.38 5.35 5.27
18 Xe xenon [7440-63-3]
T [K] 161.35 165.05 64 A 1
e (T) 1.880 1.87
2.1.2 Inorganic Liquids
19 AlBr aluminium tribromide [7727-15-3]
3
e (373.2 K) 3.38 39 P 1
8 2.1 Pure liquids: data [Ref. p. 229
____________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Gross Name and CAS-Registry Number Ref.
formula
____________________________________________________________________________________________
20 AsH arsine [7784-42-1]
3
T [K] 157.1 165.5 171.4 181.1 187.6 194.5 200.9 36 S 1
e (T) 2.60 2.54 2.53 2.48 2.46 2.41 2.40
21 BBr boron tribromide [10294-33-4]
3
e (273.2 K) 2.58 46 H 1
22 B H diborane [19287-45-7]
2 6
T [K] 108.26 115.10 120.12 130.12 135.12 145.03 150.03 155.40 56 W 1
e (T) 2.0735 2.0529 2.0400 2.0118 1.9978 1.9705 1.9567 1.9418
T [K] 160.00 170.26 175.04 180.66
e (T) 1.9291 1.9020 1.8878 1.8725
23 B H pentaborane [19624-22-7]
5 9
T [K] 226.2 237.2 247.2 254.2 261.2 268.2 273.2 278.2 56 W 1
e (T) 53.1 45.5 39.2 35.7 32.6 29.7 28.0 26.4
T [K] 283.2 288.2 292.2 296.2 298.2
e (T) 24.9 23.6 22.6 21.6 21.1
24 BrF bromine trifluoride [7787-71-5]
3
e (298.2 K) 106.8 75 M 1
25 BrF bromine pentafluoride [7789-30-2]
5
T [K] 297.7 287.7 273.4 261.5 56 R 3
e (T) 7.91 8.02 8.21 8.33
26 CHN hydrogen cyanide [74-90-8]
e (273.2 K) 158.45 61 K 2
T [K] 258.2 273.2 283.2 293.2 299.2 57 J 2
e (T) 191.9 158.1 133.3 114.9 105.7
T [K] 258.2 259.9 263.2 268.2 273.2 278.2 283.2 288.2 44 C 1
e (T) 213.2 205.5 191.9 173.7 158.1 144.8 133.3 123.5
T [K] 291.2 293.2 298.2 298.9
e (T) 118.3 114.9 106.8 05.7
T [K] 259.8 261.1 262.7 265.2 270.2 274.3 277.2 283.4 29 F 2
e (T) 194.4 189.2 183.3 175.0 168.9 149.8 144.5 132.1
T [K] 288.8 295.3
e (T) 122.9 113.2
27 COS carbon oxide sulfide [463-58-1]
T [K] 185.0 163.0 143.0 86 G 1
e (T) 4.47 5.02 5.37
28 COSe carbon oxide selenide [1603-84-5]
T [K] 219.2 265.55 273.2 283.2 48 G 1
e (T) 3.79 3.56 3.53 3.47
Ref. p. 229] 2.1 Pure liquids: data 9
____________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Gross Name and CAS-Registry Number Ref.
formula
____________________________________________________________________________________________
29 CO carbon dioxide [124-38-9]
2
T [K] 220.0 225.0 230.0 235.0 240.0 245.0 250.0 255.0 86 H 1
e (T) 1.7588 1.74395 1.72866 1.7129 1.69675 1.68035 1.66322 1.64555
T [K] 260.0 265.0 270.0 275.0 280.0 285.0 290.0 295.0
e (T) 1.62711 1.60774 1.58721 1.56537 1.54165 1.5154 1.48543 1.44927
T [K] 300.0
e (T) 1.39932
30 CS carbon disulfide [75-15-0]
2
e (293.2 K) 2.6320 75 E 1
2.641 69 K 3
T [K] 293.2 303.2 313.2 75 R 1
e (T) 2.6329 2.5728 2.5487
T [K] 305.2 313.2 69 C 1
e (T) 2.612 2.45
T [K] 223.2 248.2 273.2 298.2 69 M 1
e (T) 2.8363 2.7689 2.7012 2.6344
T [K] 293.2 303.2 67 L 1
e (T) 2.643 2.619
T [K] 273.2 288.2 293.2 298.2 303.2 308.2 61 S 1
e (T) 2.6581 2.6377 2.6318 2.6246 2.6170 2.6100
T [K] 293.2 258.7 233.2 190.7 166.2 55 P 1
e (T) 2.634 2.712 2.759 2.874 2.937
T [K] 253.2 263.2 273.2 283.2 293.2 298.2 303.2 313.2 38 F 1
e (T) 2.6858 2.6721 2.6581 2.6438 2.6318 2.6246 2.6170 2.6030
T [K] 154.2 161.2 163.2 193.2 213.2 233.2 253.2 263.2 29 M 1
e (T) 3.166 3.025 3.025 2.864 2.786 2.717 2.687 2.671
T [K] 273.2 288.2 293.2 313.2 319.4
e (T) 2.658 2.641 2.628 2.602 2.572
31 ClF chlorine trifluoride [7790-91-2]
3
T [K] 273.2 293.2 313.2 54 R 2
e (T) 4.754 4.394 4.034
32 ClF chlorine pentafluoride [13637-63-3]
5
T [K] 193.2 202.7 210.7 215.7 220.5 224.5 227.4 230.4 68 R 4
e (T) 4.28 4.11 4.01 3.96 3.87 3.80 3.76 3.70
T [K] 233.2 236.2 239.2 242.2 245.1 248.1 251.1 254.2
e (T) 3.65 3.62 3.59 3.53 3.48 3.45 3.41 3.38
T [K] 256.2
e (T) 3.34
33 D O dideuterium oxide [7789-20-0]
2
T [K] 273.2 278.2 298.2 313.2 67 V 1
e (T) 87.65 85.61 78.06 72.84
10 2.1 Pure liquids: data [Ref. p. 229
____________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Gross Name and CAS-Registry Number Ref.
formula
____________________________________________________________________________________________
T [K] 303.2 313.2 323.2 62 T 2
e (T) 76.4678 73.0360 69.7821
T [K] 277.2 278.2 283.2 288.2 293.2 298.2 303.2 308.2 58 M 1
e (T) 85.870 85.481 83.524 81.619 79.754 77.937 76.159 74.428
T [K] 313.2 318.2 323.2 328.2 333.2 338.2 343.2 348.2
e (T) 72.733 71.083 69.473 67.901 66.359 64.852 63.392 61.957
T [K] 353.2 358.2 363.2 368.2 373.2
e (T) 60.563 59.197 57.859 56.554 55.272
34 FClO perchloryl fluoride [7616-94-6]
3
T [K] 125.2 130.2 135.2 140.2 145.2 150.2 77 M 2
e (T) 2.243 2.233 2.225 2.214 2.204 2.194
35 FeC O pentacarbonyl iron [13463-40-6]
5 5
e (293.2 K) 2.602 32 G 1
36 GeCl germanium tetrachloride [10038-98-9]
4
e (298.2 K) 2.430 34 M 1
T [K] 245.7 249.2 251.7 254.6 259.7 262.9 265.4 268.0 61 J 1
e (T) 2.526 2.536 2.526 2.524 2.524 2.516 2.470 2.472
T [K] 270.6 273.2
e (T) 2.450 2.463
37 GeBr germanium tetrabromide [13450-92-5]
4
T [K] 299.9 303.5 307.9 316.0 61 J 1
e (T) 2.955 2.962 2.957 2.932
38 HF hydrogen fluoride [7664-39-3]
T [K] 200.2 231.2 246.2 273.2 57 J 3
e (T) 174.8 134.2 110.6 83.6
T [K] 200.2 203.2 231.2 246.2 273.2 29 F 1
e (T) 174.8 173.2 134.2 110.6 83.6
39 HCl hydrogen chloride [7647-01-0]
T [K] 160.2 176.2 188.2 57 J 3
e (T) 14.2 12.4 11.3
T [K] 158.9 160.0 170.0 180.0 188.1 54 S 1
e (T) 14.3 14.2 13.0 12.05 11.3
T [K] 161.2 206.7 258.2 50 J 1
e (T) 14.05 8.92 6.33
T [K] 160.01 163.25 165.60 168.11 170.25 173.50 176.75 178.00 37 K 1
e (T) 11.80 11.42 11.16 10.85 10.60 10.21 9.84 9.70
T [K] 181.15 182.76
e (T) 9.31 9.12
Ref. p. 229] 2.1 Pure liquids: data 11
____________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Gross Name and CAS-Registry Number Ref.
formula
____________________________________________________________________________________________
40 HBr hydrogen bromide [10035-10-6]
T [K] 186.8 187.1 191.8 57 J 3
e (T) 8.23 7.33 7.11
T [K] 185.7 188.2 203.2 50 J 1
e (T) 8.48 7.00 6.40
41 HI hydrogen iodide [10034-85-2]
T [K] 220.2 223.2 236.2 50 J 1
e (T) 3.87 3.38 3.27
42 H O water [7732-18-5]
2
e (291.2 K) 81.1 48 M 1
e (298.2 K) 78.3 75 G 3
78.5 74 M 2
T [K] 273.2 278.2 288.2 298.2 308.2 318.2 82 K 1
e (T) 87.90 85.90 81.98 78.36 74.86 71.50
T [K] 273.2 323.2 373.2 423.2 473.2 523.2 543.2 573.2 76 L 2
e (T) 88.15 70.50 55.55 43.89 34.59 26.75 23.86 19.66
T [K] 593.2 623.2
e (T) 16.88 12.61
T [K] 273.2 283.2 293.2 303.2 313.2 323.2 333.2 70 H 1
e (T) 87.95 83.95 80.18 76.58 73.15 69.88 66.76
T [K] 273.3 278.2 283.2 288.2 293.2 298.2 303.2 308.2 56 M 1
e (T) 87.696 85.764 83.834 81.950 80.100 78.301 76.540 74.832
T [K] 313.2 318.2 323.2 378.2 333.2 338.2 343.2 348.2
e (T) 73.149 71.508 69.917 68.345 66.820 65.317 63.859 62.418
T [K] 353.2 358.2 363.2 368.2 372.2
e (T) 61.091 59.658 58.314 57.008 55.985
T [K] 298.2 313.1 293.2 293.2 313.2 328.2 349.2 38 M 1
e (T) 78.5 73.15 80.37 78.98 73.12 68.13 61.98
43 H O hydrogen peroxide [7722-84-1]
2 2
T [K] 233.2 23.2 259.2 273.2 281.2 283.2 290.2 52 E 1
e (T) 114.1 105.7 93.5 84.2 80.0 78.3 74.6
T [K] 303.2
e (T) 68.5
44 H S hydrogen sulfide [7783-06-4]
2
T [K] 194.6 212.0 55 H 2
e (T) 8.99 8.04
T [K] 283.2 323.2 363.2 04 E 1
e (T) 5.93 4.92 3.76
45 IF iodine pentafluoride [7783-66-6]
5
T [K] 273.2 293.2 313.2 54 R 2
e (T) 41.09 37.13 33.17