State, Nationalism, and Islamization: Historical Analysis of Turkey and Pakistan

311 Pages·2017·12.709 MB·English

by  Raja M. Ali Saleem

Palgrave Studies in Religion,
Politics, and Policy
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University of Nevada, Las Vegas
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George Mason University
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RajaM.AliSaleem
State, Nationalism,
and Islamization
Historical Analysis of Turkey and Pakistan
RajaM.AliSaleem
FormanChristianCollege
Lahore,Pakistan
PalgraveStudiesinReligion,Politics,andPolicy
ISBN978-3-319-54005-4 ISBN978-3-319-54006-1(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-54006-1
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017938110
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Thisdissertationis dedicated to myparents and mywife Humaira.
Withouttheirconstantencouragementandsupport,thisprojectwould
have beenimpossible.
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This book is based on my dissertation “Effect of Islam’s role in state
nationalism on Islamization of government: Case studies of Turkey and
Pakistan”. Therefore, I wish, first, to acknowledge my debt to Professor
Jack Goldstone, the chair of my dissertation committee at the Schar
School of Policy and Government, George Mason University. He took
meunderhiswinginmysecondyearandmentoredmeforthenextfour-
and-a-half years. I learned a great deal as he guided me through the
intricacies of comparative historical analysis while working with him as a
research assistant. Dean Mark Rozell, a renowned scholar of religion and
politics, brought clarity to many aspects of the complex relationship
between the two. However, the scholarship is not the only topic worthy
ofmentionaboutDeanRozell.Hewillalwaysbearolemodelformefor
beingveryconsiderateandcommittedtohisstudents.Hewasinstrumen-
talinbringingthisbookprojecttofruition.Withouthissupport,thisbook
would have taken many more years to see the light of the day. Professor
Mandaville was the person who cultivated my interest in nationalism and
Islamization. With his extensive knowledge of the politics of Muslim-
majority countries, he kept me grounded and did not allow me to make
any assumption that could not be supported by verifiable facts. Professor
Lyons, an expert on African politics, political development and national-
ism helped me make sense of the murky world of the politics of nation-
building and state-building. Professor Banu Eligur, my external reader,
enriched my understanding of Turkish politics and my dissertation with
her perceptive advice. I also want to thank Professors Sonia Ketkar and
SionaListokinfortheirsupportandencouragementintheearlypartofmy
vii
viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
PhD. Beth and Shannon were an essential part of my PhD experience at
the Schar School and I am indebted to them for their help during my
dissertation.
Besides my dissertation committee, my children, Wardah and Qasim,
encouragedmetotakethisleapoffaith,leavemyjobandbeginmyPhD
odyssey. My in-laws, siblings (Anila, Asad, and Asma), and friends
(Naeem,Nasr, Umer and Asif)also encouraged meall the way.Finally, I
wantespeciallytothankmyfriends,LyndaandGeorgeCarlson,whogave
somuchof theirtimein making thisbookpossible.
C
ONTENTS
1 NationalismandIslamization: IsThereaCausal Link? 1
2 Islam,Secularism andConstitutions 31
3 Islamand National Symbols 71
4 Nationalism,Banknotes andIslamicIconography 111
5 IslamizationandFamilyLaw 131
6 Islamizationandthe Ministry of ReligiousAffairs 165
7 IslamizationandReligiousEducation 199
8 StateNationalismand theIslamization ofGovernment 237
Bibliography 259
Index 297
ix
L A A
IST OF BBREVIATIONS AND CRONYMS
ACII AdvisoryCouncilonIslamicIdeology
AIML AllIndiaMuslimLeague(Pakistan)
AKP JusticeandDevelopmentParty(Turkey)
AP AdaletPartisi[JusticeParty](Turkey)
APS ArmyPublicSchool(Pakistan)
CEDAW ConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationagainst
Women(UnitedNations)
CHP RepublicanPeople’sParty(Turkey)
CNE CommissiononNationalEducation(Pakistan)
CZC CentralZakatCommittee(Pakistan)
CII CouncilofIslamicIdeology
DP DemocratParty(Turkey)
ECHR EuropeanCourtofHumanRights
EMN EidMilad-un-Nabi(celebrationofthebirthoftheProphetMuhammad,
Pakistan)
EU EuropeanUnion
GNA GrandNationalAssembly(Turkey)
HDP People’sDemocraticParty
IFL Islamicfamilylaw
IM IstiklalMarsi(Turkishnationalanthem)
ITMP IttehadTanzeematMadarisPakistan
KP KhyberPakhtunkhwaprovince
LFO LegalFrameworkOrder(Pakistan)
MFLO MuslimFamilyLawOrdinance
MHP NationalistMovementParty(Turkey)
MMCs Muslimmajoritycountries
MRA MinistryofReligiousAffairs(Pakistan)
xi