State and Revolution in Finland

320 Pages·2018·1.879 MB·English

by  Risto Alapuro

StateandRevolutioninFinland
Historical Materialism
Book Series
EditorialBoard
SébastienBudgen(Paris)
DavidBroder(Rome)
SteveEdwards(London)
JuanGrigera(London)
MarcelvanderLinden(Amsterdam)
PeterThomas(London)
volume 174
Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/hm
State and Revolution
in Finland
By
RistoAlapuro
LEIDEN | BOSTON
FirsteditionofStateandRevolutioninFinlandwaspublishedin1988byUniversityofCaliforniaPress.
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ISSN1570-1522
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∵

Contents
Acknowledgements xi
Maps,TablesandFigures xiii
1 TheFormationofaSmallPolity 1
1 TheProblem 1
2 AComparativePerspective 2
3 WhatIstoBeExplained 11
4 PlanoftheBook 13
Part 1
State-MakingandtheClassStructure
2 DominantGroupsandState-Making 19
1 TheEarlyNineteenthCentury 19
2 EconomicIntegration 28
3 TheLateNineteenthCentury 34
3 TheAgrarianClassStructureandIndustrialWorkers 38
1 TheIndustrialandAgriculturalRevolutionsinFinland 38
2 FreeholdingPeasantsandAgrarianWorkers 40
3 TheLinkbetweenIndustrialandAgrarianWorkers 45
4 Crofters 46
4 TerritorialIntegration 49
1 FinnishRegionsupto1809 49
2 ReorientationfromStockholmtoSt.Petersburg 56
3 TerritorialIntegrationintheLateNineteenthCentury 58
4 Core-PeripheryInteraction–theCountyofViipuriandEastern
Finland 63
5 South-WesternFinlandasaCoreRegion 66
6 DecliningOstrobothnia 70
7 DivisionofLabourandStatePenetrationinNorthernFinland 73
8 Summary 74
viii contents
Part 2
NationalIntegrationandClassIntegration
5 FinnishNationalism 79
1 TheDualNatureofNationalisminNineteenth-Century
Europe 79
2 FinlandinaEuropeanPerspective 83
3 TheConsolidationofaNationalCulture 85
4 Conclusion 91
6 BeforetheRevolution:Organisation,Mobilisation,andtheRoleof
Russia 94
1 EarlyMassOrganisation 94
2 TheFinno-RussianConflict 103
3 TheGeneralStrikeof1905,ParliamentaryReform,andtheRiseof
AgrarianSocialism 106
7 RegionalConsolidationofPartySupport 118
1 RegionsasLociofPartySystems 118
2 TheSouth-WesternCoreRegion 120
3 TheCountyofViipuri 122
4 Ostrobothnia 122
5 EasternFinland 124
6 NorthernFinland 125
7 Conclusions 126
Part 3
TheAbortiveRevolution
8 OnPreconditionsforRevolutionarySituations 131
9 TheAbortiveRevolutionof1917–1918 137
1 SocialistswithinthePolity 137
2 TheRiseofMultipleSovereignty 146
3 TheRevolutionarySituation 152
4 TheAftermath 160
5 TheSocialandRegionalBasisfortheRevolution 162
6 OntheCharacteroftheFinnishRevolution 168
7 BreakdownofSocietyorContestforStatePower? 172
contents ix
10 StateandNationaftertheFailedRevolution 179
1 TheFailedRevolutionandtheNation 179
2 ThePersistenceoftheVolcanicModeloftheFinnish
Revolution 183
3 OntheState,theNation,andClassBalance 185
4 TheLapuaMovement,1930–2 189
5 TheMassMovementandtheDominantClassesinFinnish
Fascism 194
Part 4
TheFinnishStateandRevolutioninaEuropeanPerspective
11 EasternEuropeanRevolutionaryMovements 201
1 NationalMovementsintheBalticProvinces 202
2 RevolutionintheBalticProvinces,1905and1917–18 210
3 ChallengesinEast-CentralEurope 221
4 FascisminEasternEurope 231
12 TheFormationofFinlandinEurope 236
1 EconomicConsolidation 236
2 TheFormationofStateandNation 239
3 PoliticalOrganisationandMobilisationbefore1917 241
4 RevolutionarySituationsinSmallEuropeanPolities 244
5 StateandRevolutioninFinland 246
PostscripttotheSecondPrinting 250
1 APersonalNote 250
2 ARecapitulation 252
3 TheReceptionoftheComparativePerspective 254
4 StructuresandActors 260
5 TheAssociationalTraditioninthePoliticalProcess 264
6 CausesandScripts 266
Bibliography 269
Index 298