Table Of Content

Standardization and Risk Governance This multi-disciplinary book conceptualizes, maps, and analyses ongoing standardization processes of risk issues across various sectors, processes, and practices. Standards are not only technical specifications and guidelines to support efficient risk governance, but also contain social, political, economic, and organizational aspects. This book presents a variety of standardization processes and applica- tions of standards that may influence our judgements of risk, the organizing of risk governance, and, accordingly, our behaviour. Standardization and standards can impact risk governance in different ways. The most important lessons drawn from the present volume can be summarized in three areas: (1) how standardization might impact on power relations and interests; (2) how standardization may change flexibility in decision-making, communication, and cooperation; and (3) how standardization could (re)direct attention and risk perception. The volume’s aim is to present an analysis of standardization processes and how it affects our thinking about risk, how we organize risk governance, and how standardization may influence risk management. In so doing, it contributes to a more informed discourse regarding the use of standards and standardization in contemporary risk management. Standardization and Risk Governance will be of great interest to students of risk, standardization, global governance, and critical security studies. Odd Einar Olsen is Professor in Risk Management and Societal Safety at the University of Stavanger, Norway. Kirsten Juhl is Associate Professor in Risk Management and Societal Safety at the University of Stavanger, Norway. Preben H. Lindøe is Emeritus Professor in Risk Management and Societal Safety at the University of Stavanger, Norway. Ole Andreas Engen is Professor in Risk Management and Societal Safety at the University of Stavanger, Norway. Routledge New Security Studies Series Editors: J. Peter Burgess, École Normale Supérieur (ENS), Paris The aim of this book series is to gather state-of-the-art theoretical reflection and empirical research into a core set of volumes that respond vigorously and dynamically to new challenges to security studies scholarship. Routledge New Security Studies is a continuation of the PRIO New Security Studies series. Visual Security Studies Sights and Spectacles of Insecurity and War Edited by Juha A. Vuori and Rune Saugmann Andersen Privacy and Identity in a Networked Society Refining Privacy Impact Assessment Stefan Strauß Energy Security Logics in Europe Threat, Risk or Emancipation? Izabela Surwillo Crypto-Politics Encryption and Democratic Practices in the Digital Era Linda Monsees Negotiating Intractable Conflicts Readiness Theory Revisited Amira Schiff Standardization and Risk Governance A Multi-Disciplinary Approach Edited by Odd Einar Olsen, Kirsten Juhl, Preben H. Lindøe, and Ole Andreas Engen For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ Routledge-New-Security-Studies/book-series/RNSS Standardization and Risk Governance A Multi-Disciplinary Approach Edited by Odd Einar Olsen, Kirsten Juhl, Preben H. Lindøe, and Ole Andreas Engen First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Odd Einar Olsen, Kirsten Juhl, Preben H. Lindøe, and Ole Andreas Engen; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Odd Einar Olsen, Kirsten Juhl, Preben H. Lindøe, and Ole Andreas Engen to be identified as the authors of the editorial matter, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Olsen, Odd Einar, 1954- editor. | Juhl, Kirsten, editor. | Lindøe, Preben Hempel, editor. | Engen, Ole Andreas, editor. Title: Standardization and risk governance : a multi-disciplinary approach / edited by Odd Einar Olsen, Kirsten Juhl, Preben Lindøe and Ole Andreas Engen. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge new security studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019029736 (print) | LCCN 2019029737 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367259730 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429290817 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Risk management–Standards. | Risk assessment– Standards. | Standardization–Social aspects. Classification: LCC HD61 . S725 2020 (print) | LCC HD61 (ebook) | DDC 363.34/62–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019029736 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019029737 ISBN: 978-0-367-25973-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-29081-7 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear Contents List of figures viii Notes on contributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xii List of abbreviations xiii PART I Introduction 1 1 The standardization of risk governance 3 ODD EINAR OLSEN 2 Standardization of risk versus the risk of standardization: a conceptual analysis 16 KIRSTEN JUHL PART II Standardization of risk management 41 3 Towards a standardization of EU disaster risk management? 43 CLAUDIA MORSUT 4 Standardization of disaster risk management: challenges and opportunities 61 HENRIK TEHLER, MARCUS ABRAHAMSSON, HENRIK HASSEL, AND PETER MÅNSSON 5 Explosive remnants in Swedish society: standardization to visualize a complex risk picture 79 FREDRIK JOHNSSON vi Contents 6 Which crisis? The promise of standardized risk ranking in the field of EU infectious disease control 97 LOUISE BENGTSSON 7 Standardization and flexibility in surgical operations: a question of balancing risk 116 SINDRE ASKE HØYLAND PART III Impact of standardization processes 135 8 Pre-crime and standardization of security risks 137 SIRPA VIRTA 9 Standardization of terrorism risk analysis: a means or an obstacle to achieving security? 150 SISSEL H. JORE 10 Standardization of cybersecurity for critical infrastructures: the role of sensemaking and translation 166 RUTH ØSTGAARD SKOTNES 11 Standardizations and risk mapping: strengths and weaknesses 181 LENE JØRGENSEN AND PREBEN H. LINDØE PART IV Standardization of risk in business activity 199 12 Standardization, risk dispersion, and trading 201 GRAHAME F. THOMPSON 13 UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights 217 IAN HIGHAM 14 The role of standards in hard and soft approaches to safety regulation 235 PREBEN H. LINDØE AND MICHAEL S. BARAM Contents vii 15 Consensus and conflicts: tripartite model and standardization in the Norwegian petroleum industry 255 OLE ANDREAS ENGEN 16 Dilemmas of standardization in risk governance 275 ODD EINAR OLSEN Index 281 Figures 4.1 Illustration of the flow of risk information and RVA reports in Sweden 64 4.2 Illustration of the experiment 71 4.3 Possible relationships between variables 73 5.1 The need for risk assessments in different phases 83 5.2 Schematic of main components of the risk governance framework 85 5.3 Different levels of coordination and standardization 88 5.4 The level of uncertainty presented as intervals in relation to an acceptable risk limit 91 5.5 The acceptable risk level normalized between the three risk categories 92 5.6 Presentation of a semi-quantitative risk value, uncertainty interval, and acceptable risk limit 93 7.1 Layout of a typical operating room 119 11.1 Ideal-type risk matrix 182 11.2 Main actor groups and their inter-organizational relationship 186 11.3 Blueprint of project phases (D-TOC-1) 187 12.1 Early example of a financial security 202 12.2 Sorting out standards 205 12.3 A ‘scopic’ trading environment 211 14.1 The pyramidal structure of a regulatory regime 236 14.2 Convergence of hard and soft law approaches 238 14.3 Interconnections between laws, rules, standards, and guidelines 246 14.4 Combining rules and roles 248 15.1 Trust model 260 Contributors Marcus Abrahamsson is an Associate Professor in the Division of Risk Management and Societal Safety, Lund University, Sweden. His research focuses on risk and vulnerability assessment, preparedness, and capacity development in various contexts. Michael S. Baram is Professor Emeritus, Boston University Law School, USA. He has dealt with risk regulation, environmental law, product liability law, occupational safety, and risk management issues in technological, chemicals, biotech, nuclear, and oil and gas industries. Louise Bengtsson holds a PhD in International Relations from Stockholm University. Her work specializes in critical security studies as well as the politics of the EU and global health security. Ole Andreas Engen is a Professor at the University of Stavanger, Norway. He holds a master’s degree in Economics and a PhD in Sociology. His research focuses on the relationship between risk, regulation, technology, and policy. Henrik Hassel is an Associate Professor in the Division of Risk Management and Societal Safety, Lund University, Sweden. His research concerns development and the evaluation of risk and vulnerability assessments in contexts such as critical infrastructures and municipalities. Ian Higham is a PhD candidate in the Department of Political Science at Stock- holm University, Sweden. His research focuses on early adopters of public policies for business and human rights. Sindre Aske Høyland is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Stavan- ger, Norway, focusing on theoretical and methodological developments within qualitative research, in the fields of societal safety and security and safe work practices. Fredrik Johnsson is Lieutenant Colonel and Chief of Staff at the Swedish Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Demining Center (SWEDEC). He is also a doctoral student in the Division of Risk Management and Societal Safety, Lund University, Sweden.