Table Of Content

Current and future titles in the Society of Dyers and Colourists - John Wiley Series Published Standard Colorimetry: Definitions, Algorithms and Software Claudio Oleari The Coloration of Wool and Other Keratin Fibres David M. Lewis and John A. Rippon (Eds) Forthcoming Theoretical Aspects of Textile Coloration Stephen M. Burkinshaw Natural Dyeing for Textiles: A Guide Book for Professionals Debanjali Banerjee Colour for Textiles: A User’s Handbook, Second Edition Roger H. Wardman and Matthew Clark Giles’s Laboratory Course in Dyeing, Fifth Edition Uzma Syed Standard Colorimetry Definitions, Algorithms and Software Claudio Oleari Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universitá degli Studi di Parma, Italy Software developed by Gabriele Simone — Dipartimento di Informatica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Italy This edition first published 2016 © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. 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ISBN: 9781118894446 To those who strive to be just Contents Society of Dyers and Colourists Preface 1 Generalities on Colour and Colorimetry 1.1 Colour 1.2 Colorimetry References Bibliography 2 Optics for Colour Stimulus 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Electromagnetic Waves 2.3 Photons 2.4 Radiometric and Actinometric Quantities 2.5 Inverse Square Law 2.6 Photometric Quantities 2.7 Retinal Illumination References Bibliography 3 Colour and Light-Matter Interaction 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Light Sources 3.3 Planckian Radiator 3.4 Light Regular Reflection and Refraction 3.5 Light Scattering 3.6 Light Absorption and Colour Synthesis 3.7 Fluorescence 3.8 Transparent Media 3.9 Turbid Media 3.10 Ulbricht’s Integration Sphere References Bibliography 4 Perceptual Phenomenology of Light and Colour 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Perceived Colours, Categorization and Language 4.3 Light Dispersion and Light Mixing 4.4 Unique Hues, Colour Opponencies and Degree of Resemblance 4.5 Colour Similitude 4.6 Unrelated and Related Colours 4.7 Colour Interactions References 5 Visual System 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Eye Anatomy and Optical Image Formation 5.3 Eye and Pre-retina Physics 5.4 Anatomy of the Retina 5.5 From the Retina to the Brain 5.6 Visual System and Colorimetry Bibliography References 6 Colour-Vision Psychophysics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Adaptation 6.3 Absolute Thresholds in Human Vision 6.4 Absolute Threshold and Spectral Sensitivity in Scotopic and Photopic Visions 6.5 Luminous Efficiency Function 6.6 Light Adaptation and Sensitivity 6.7 Weber’s and Fechner’s Laws 6.8 Stevens’ Law 6.9 Fechner’s and Stevens’ Psychophysics 6.10 Wavelength Discrimination 6.11 Saturation Discrimination and Least Colorimetric Purity 6.12 Rushton’s Univariance Principle and Scotopic Vision 6.13 Tristimulus Space 6.14 Lightness Scales 6.15 Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect 6.16 Colour Opponencies and Chromatic Valence 6.17 MacAdam’s Chromatic Discrimination Ellipses 6.18 Perceived Colour Difference 6.19 Abney’s and Bezold-Brücke’s Phenomena 6.20 Chromatic Adaptation and Colour Constancy 6.21 Colour-Vision Psychophysics and Colorimetry References 7 CIE Standard Photometry 7.1 Introduction 7.2 History of the Basic Photometric Unit 7.3 CIE 1924 Spectral Luminous Efficiency Function 7.4 CIE 1924 and CIE 1988 Standard Photometric Photopic Observers 7.5 Photometric and Radiometric Quantities 7.6 CIE 1951 Standard Scotopic Photometric Observer 7.7 CIE 2005 Photopic Photometric Observer with 10° Visual Field 7.8 CIE Fundamental Photopic Photometric Observer with 2°/10° Visual Field References 8 Light Sources and Illuminants for Colorimetry 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Equal-Energy Illuminant 8.3 Blackbody Illuminant 8.4 CIE Daylights 8.5 CIE Indoor Daylights 8.6 CIE Standard Illuminants 8.7 CIE Light Sources: A, B and C 8.8 CIE Sources for Colorimetry 8.9 CIE Illuminants: B, C and D 8.10 Fluorescent Lamps 8.11 Gas-Discharge Lamps 8.12 Light-Emitting Diodes References 9 CIE Standard Psychophysical Observers and Systems 9.1 Introduction 9.2 CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric System and Observer 9.3 CIE 1964 (Supplementary) Standard Colorimetric Observer/System (10°-Standard Colorimetric Observer) 9.4 CIE 1989 Standard Deviate Observer/System 9.5 Vos’ 1978 Modified Observer for 2° Visual Field 9.6 CIE Standard Stockman-Sharpe’s ‘Physiologically Relevant’ Fundamentals and XYZ Reference Frame 9.7 CIE Colorimetric Specification of Primary and Secondary Light Sources References 10 Chromaticity Diagram from Newton to the CIE 1931 Standard System 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Newton and the Centre of Gravity Rule 10.3 Material Colours and Impalpable Colours in the Eighteenth Century 10.4 Physiological Intuitions and the Centre of Gravity Rule–Young, Grassmann, Helmholtz, Maxwell and Schrödinger 10.5 Conclusion References 11 CIE Standard Psychometric Systems 11.1 Introduction to Psychometric Systems in Colour Vision 11.2 CIE Lightness L* 11.3 Psychometric Chromaticity Diagrams and Related Colour Spaces 11.4 Colour Difference Specification 11.5 Conclusion References 12 Instruments and Colorimetric Computation 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Reflection and Transmission Optical-Modulation 12.3 Spectroradiometric and Spectrophotometric Measurements 12.4 Colorimetric Calculations 12.5 Uncertainty in Colorimetric Measurements 12.6 Physical Standards for Colour-Instrument Calibration References 13 Basic Instrumentation for Radiometry, Photometry and Colorimetry 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Lighting Cabinet 13.3 Visual Comparison Colorimeter 13.4 Instruments with Power Spectral Weighting Measurement 13.5 Instruments for Measurements with Spectral Analysis 13.6 Glossmeter 13.7 Imaging Instruments References 14 Colour-Order Systems and Atlases 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Colour Solid, Optimal Colours and Full Colours 14.3 Ostwald’s Colour-Order System and Atlas 14.4 Munsell’s Colour-Order System and Atlas 14.5 DIN 6264’s Colour-Order System and Atlas 14.6 OSA-UCS’s Colour-Order System and Atlas 14.7 NCS’s Colour-Order System and Atlas References 15 Additive Colour Synthesis in Images 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Video Colour Image 15.3 Principles of Halftone Printing 15.4 Towards the Colorimetry of Appearance References 16 Software 16.1 Introduction to the Software 16.2 Monitor 16.3 Colour-Vision Tests 16.4 Visual Contrast Phenomena 16.5 Colour Atlases 16.6 CIE 1976 CIELUV and CIELAB Systems 16.7 Cone Activation and Tristimulus 16.8 CIE Colorimetry 16.9 Black Body and Daylight Spectra and Other CIE Illuminant Spectra 16.10 Additive Colour Synthesis 16.11 Subtractive Colorant Mixing 16.12 Spectral Data View and Download – Illuminant-Observer Weights 16.13 Save File Opening