Stalkers and their Victims PDF
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Stalkers and their victims Overrecentyears,stalkinghasemergedasamajorsocialandlegalissue,andalsoasaclinical problem for mental health professionals. This absorbing and informative book draws on the authors’extensiveexperienceofworkingwithstalkersandtheirvictimsintheclinicalsetting,and makesamajorcontributiontowardunderstandingthenature,causes,impactandmanagement ofstalking. Topicscoveredinclude: • Thegrowingrecognitionofstalkingasanissueofpublic,legalandscientificconcern • Thedefinition,classificationandepidemiologyofstalking • Theimpactonvictims,andhowthismaybereduced • Samegenderstalking,stalkingbyproxy,workplacestalking,andthestalkingofprofessionals, suchasdoctorsandteachers • Theassociationofstalkingwithphysicalandsexualassault • Anti-stalkinglawsinternationally • Supportandpracticaladviceforvictimsofstalking • Assessingandmanagingthestalker Withmanycasehistories,andanapproachthatisatoncescholarlyandhighlypractical,thiswill bethedefinitiveguideandreferenceforanyonewithaprofessionaloracademicinterestinthis complexbehaviour. PaulMullenisProfessorofForensicPsychiatryatMonashUniversityinAustralia,andheisalso MedicalDirectoroftheVictorianInstituteofForensicMentalHealth. Michele Pathé is Honorary Senior Lecturer at Monash University, and Consultant Forensic PsychiatristattheVictorianInstituteofForensicMentalHealthinBrunswick,Australia. RosemaryPurcellisbasedintheDepartmentofPsychologicalMedicineatMonashUniversity. StalkersandtheirVictimsisabrilliantfusionofcutting-edgescientificresearchandriveting clinicalaccount.Writtenwithgenuineeloquence,arguedwithunfailinginsight,andsuffused withcompassion,thebookupstheanteonallfutureworkonstalking.Anextraordinary scholarlyaccomplishmentofbothinternationalandenduringsignificance. JohnMonahan DohertyProfessorofLaw UniversityofVirginia Thislucid,encyclopaedicanddispassionatereviewofstalkingviewsitnotmerelyintermsof theparticipants–protagonistandvictim–butasasocialpathologyreflectingdistortionsin personalandcommunalrelations.Thehistoryofstalking,theclassificationofitsvarious forms,itsphenomenologyaswellaspracticalwaysofrespondingtoitareamongsttheissues examinedinafashionwhichisbothimpressiveinitsdetachmentandadmirableinitsdepth. Theskilfuluseofcasehistoriesillustratingtheforensicandclinicalaspectsofstalkingmakesit aparticularlyreadableandusefultextforprofessionalsandprovidesarareinsightintothe motivesandbehavioursofthosewhopreyandprowlandpester.Giventheintensemedia interest,itisvitalthattherebearesourceofhard,factualandtestedinformationavailableto offsetthemoreluridandmistakenviewsonthesubject.PaulMullenandhiscolleagueshave providedexactlythat.Thereislittledoubtthatthisbookwillremainformanyyearsthe definitiveaccountofoneofthepathologicalphenomenaofourfracturedtimes,ofgripping fascinationtolayandprofessionalreadersalike. AnthonyW.Clare DepartmentofPsychiatry StJames’sHospital,Dublin STA L K E R S and their victims Paul E. Mullen Michele Pathé and Rosemary Purcell ThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB22RU,UK 40West24thStreet,NewYork,NY10011–4211,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia RuizdeAlarcón13,28014Madrid,Spain DockHouse,TheWaterfront,CapeTown8001,SouthAfrica http://www.cambridge.org ©CambridgeUniversityPress2000 Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2000 Reprinted2002 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge TypefaceMinion10.5/14pt SystemQuarkXPress™ [] AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Mullen,PaulE. Stalkersandtheirvictims/PaulE.Mullen,MichelePathé,andRosemaryPurcell. p. cm. ISBN0521669502(pbk.) 1.Stalking. 2.Stalkers. 3.Women–Crimesagainst–Prevention. I.Pathé,Michele, 1959– II.Purcell,Rosemary,1969– III.Title. HV6594.M85 2000 362.88–dc21 99-044607 ISBN0521669502paperback Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurateandup-to-dateinformation whichisinaccordwithacceptedstandardsandpracticeatthetimeofpublication.Nevertheless,the authors,editorsandpublishercanmakenowarrantiesthattheinformationcontainedhereinistotally freefromerror,notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsareconstantlychangingthroughresearchandregu- lation.Theauthors,editorsandpublisherthereforedisclaimallliabilityfordirectorconsequential damagesresultingfromtheuseofmaterialcontainedinthisbook.Thereaderisstronglyadvisedto paycarefulattentiontoinformationprovidedbythemanufacturerofanydrugsorequipmentthat theyplantouse. Althoughcasehistoriesaredrawnfromactualcases,everyefforthasbeentakentodisguisetheiden- titiesofindividualsinvolved. Contents Acknowledgements pagexi Introduction 1 1 Stalking–anewcategorizationofhumanbehaviour 5 Introduction 5 Definingstalking 6 Stalkingaspopular,legalandscientificdiscourses 11 Thearchaeologyofstalking 14 Thesocialconstructionofstalking 18 Conclusions 24 2 Theepidemiologyofstalking 26 Introduction 26 Theprevalenceofstalking 29 Australia 30 USA 32 Summary 36 3 Thevictimsofstalkers 38 Introduction 38 Victimstudies 39 Typologyofstalkingvictims 45 Ex-intimates 45 Casualacquaintancesandfriends 47 Professionalcontacts 48 Workplacecontacts 49 Strangers 51 v vi Contents Thefamous 55 Unusualvictims 56 Theimpactofstalkingonvictims 57 Summary 64 4 Classifyingstalkers 65 Introduction 65 Classifyingstalkingasaformofdomesticviolence 66 Erotomanics,loveobsessionalsandsimpleobsessionals 66 Someotherclassifications 70 Classificationemployedinthisbook 75 Conclusions 78 5 Therejectedstalkerandtheresentfulstalker 79 Therejectedstalker 79 Clinicalfeatures 79 Relationshiptootherclassifications 80 Personalitycharacteristics 81 Jealousy 85 Characteristicsandmanagementoftherejected 89 Theresentfulstalker 90 Clinicalfeatures 90 Thenatureofresentment 91 Characteristicsandmanagement 96 6 Thepredatorystalker 98 Introduction 98 Clinicalcharacteristics 99 Stalkinginparaphilias 101 Telephonescatologia 102 Exhibitionism 104 Fetishism/voyeurism 105 Pedophilia/hebephilia 107 Sexualmasochismandsadism 108 Paraphilicasphyxia(asphyxiophilia) 112 Managementofthepredatorystalker 114 vii Contents 7 Intimacyseekersandincompetentsuitors 116 Introduction 116 Intimacyseekers 117 Clinicalfeatures 117 Management 123 Incompetentsuitors 123 Clinicalfeatures 123 Management 127 Intimacyseekersversusincompetentsuitors 127 8 Theerotomaniasandthemorbidinfatuations 129 Introduction 129 Ahistoryoferotomania 129 Pathologiesoflove 134 Pathologicalbeliefsofbeingloved(erotomania) 135 Pathologicalinfatuations(borderlineerotomania) 138 Primaryandsymptomaticformsoferotomania 143 Theobjectofaffection 153 Prevalence 154 Managementandprognosis 154 9 Samegenderstalking 157 Introduction 157 Mediareportsofsamegenderstalking 158 Casereportsofsamegendererotomania 158 Studiesofstalkersandstalkingvictims 161 Victimsofsamegenderstalking 169 Summary 171 10 Stalkingbyproxy 173 Privatedetectives 173 Orderingorcancellinggoodsandservices 175 Friendsandfamily 176 Thecriminaljusticesystem 176 Themedicalprofession 180 TheChurch 180 viii Contents Real-estateagents 181 Psychics 181 Motorvehicles 181 Themedia 182 TheInternet 183 Conclusions 185 11 Falsevictimsofstalking 187 Introduction 187 Typologyoffalsestalkingvictims 191 Stalkerswhoclaimtobevictims 191 Delusionsofbeingstalked 193 Thepreviouslystalked 194 Thefactitiousdisorder 196 Themalingerer 198 Assessmentandmanagementoffalsestalkingvictims 202 Summary 204 12 Stalkingandassault 205 Introduction 205 Erotomaniaandassault 206 Femaleharassmentandassault 209 Stalkingandassault 209 Attacksonpets 215 Homicidalbehaviourandstalking 216 Riskfactorsandriskmanagement 217 Conclusions 220 13 Reducingtheimpactofstalking 221 Introduction 221 Preventativeapproaches 222 Recognizingthewould-bestalker 222 Decliningandterminatingrelationships 223 Protectingpersonalinformation 224 Celebrityvictims 225 Strategiestocombatstalking 225 Informingothers 226 ix Contents Helpingagencies 226 Avoidingcontactandconfrontations 228 Documentation 230 Telephoneharassment 231 Restrainingorders 232 Self-defencetraining 234 Workplacepractices 235 Othersecuritymeasures 237 Clinicalmanagementofstalkingvictims 237 Educationandsupportivecounselling 237 Cognitive-behaviouralapproaches 239 Pharmacotherapies 241 Family/partnertherapies 243 Grouptherapies 243 Supportorganizationsforstalkingvictims 244 Associatedissuesintreatment 246 Conclusions 247 14 Definingandprosecutingtheoffenceofstalking 249 Introduction 249 Earlyattemptstoprosecutestalking-relatedbehaviours 251 Thedevelopmentofanti-stalkinglegislation 255 Theact 256 Thethreat 257 Theintent 257 Otherelements 259 StalkingstatutesinotherUSstatesandCanada 260 Florida 260 Illinois 261 Michigan 262 WestVirginia 262 Canada 262 Summary 263 Theconstitutionalityofanti-stalkinglawsintheUSA 263 Themodelanti-stalkingcodeforAmericanstates 266 NorthAmericananti-stalkinglaws:asummary 267 Australiananti-stalkinglegislation 268 Conductrequirements 269 Intention 270 x Contents Theresponseofthevictim 270 Penalties 271 Exemptionsordefencesagainstacharge 271 Specialprovisions 271 SummaryofAustraliananti-stalkinglegislation 272 TheUnitedKingdom:theProtectionfromHarassmentAct 273 Theprosecutionofstalking:summaryandconclusions 276 15 Assessingandmanagingthestalker 279 Introduction 279 Assessment 281 Management 284 Managementofanycontinuingmentaldisorder 284 Managementstrategiestargetedatthestalkingbehaviours 285 Conclusions 288 AppendixA:Victimservices 289 AppendixB:Importantanti-stalkingActs/statutes 291 Legalcasesandreferences 292 Index 305
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