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Staging the French Revolution: Cultural Politics and the Paris Opera, 1789-1794 PDF

436 Pages·2012·4.423 MB·English
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Staging the French Revolution series editor Jane F. Fulcher, series board Celia Applegate Philip Bohlman Kate Van Orden Michael P. Steinberg Enlightenment Orpheus: The Power of Music in Other Worlds Vanessa Agnew Voice Lessons: French Mélodie in the Belle Epoque Katherine Bergeron Songs, Scribes, and Societies: The History and Reception of the Loire Valley Chansonniers Jane Alden Harmony and Discord: Music and the Transformation of Russian Cultural Life Lynn M. Sargeant Musical Renderings of the Philippine Nation Christi-Anne Castro Staging the French Revolution: Cultural Politics and the Paris Opéra, 1789–1794 Mark Darlow The Sense of Sound: Musical Meaning in France, 1260–1330 Emma Dillon Staging the French Revolution Cultural Politics mark darlow and the Paris Opéra, 1789–1794 1 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. ____________________________________________________________________________ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Darlow, Mark. Staging the French Revolution : cultural politics and the Paris Opera, 1789–1794 / Mark Darlow. p. cm. — (The new cultural history of music series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-977372-5 (alk. paper) 1. Opera—France—Paris—18th century. 2. Opera de Paris—History—18th century. 3. Opera— Political aspects—France—Paris—History—18th century. 4. Opera—Production and direction— France—Paris—History—18th century. I. Title. ML1727.3.D372012 792.50944’36109033—dc23 2011018802 _____________________________________________________________________________ 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper contents Acknowledgments vii Sigla and Abbreviations ix Note on Abbreviations xi About the Companion Website xiii Introduction 3 1. The Outlook in 1789 21 2. From Crown to Town: Governance of the Opéra, March 1789–April 1790 63 3. Control by the Municipality: April 1790–April 1792 99 4. The Opéra during the Terror 141 5 . Finances and Repertory 183 6. Tragedy and Serious Works 213 7. Comic and Mixed Works 277 8. Republican Repertory (1792–1794) 325 Conclusion 383 Bibliography 395 Index 415 This page intentionally left blank acknowledgments I have acquired many debts in the writing of this book, a project begun back in 2004. For their assistance and advice in locating particular primary sources, I would like to thank Francis Delon (Archives de Paris), Marie-Claire Waille (Bibliothèque Municipale de Besançon), and Pierre Jugie (Archives Nationales). I owe particular thanks to the staff of the Bibliothèque de l’Opéra who under sometimes diffi cult circumstances were unfailingly helpful and supportive of this project: Pierre Vidal, Matthias Auclair, and their colleagues, all of whom have helped me navigate and make use of the exceptionally rich holdings of the Opéra. I gratefully acknowledge permission to reproduce particular images granted by the Bibliothèque Municipale de Besançon, the Archives Nationales de France, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, the Syndics of Cambridge University Library, and the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris. For pointing me to specifi c sources and for discussing issues and ideas that found their way into this book, I would like to thank David Charlton, Christian Donath, John Golder, Yann Robert, and Solveig Serre. Particular thanks are due to my mother, Janet Darlow, who spent large amounts of time creating the spreadsheet on which the evidence for Chapter 5 is based, for creating tables and graphs, and for spotting and correcting several factual blunders in my data. Research assistance in the early stages was also provided by Julia McLaren and her colleagues at Cpéderf in Paris, and my own primary research was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council matching leave scheme and a Philip Leverhulme prize, awarded in 2005, and generously supplemented by the University of Cambridge. I am grateful to my colleagues in the Department of French at Cambridge and at Christ’s college for their support, and particularly to Emma Wilson, Nicholas Hammond and Bill Burgwinkle. For reading late drafts of the book, I would particularly like to thank Thomas Wynn, Sarah Hibberd, Katherine Astbury, the anonymous reviewer for Oxford University Press, and most important Matthew Rice, whose support during the completion of this project has meant so much. viii | acknowledgments sigla and abbreviations AP: Archives parlementaires de 1787 à 1860, recueil complet des débats législatifs et politiques des Chambres françaises, imprimé . . . sous la direction de J. Mamidal et E. Laurent . . . 1re série (1787 à 1799) , 47 vols. (Paris: P. Dupont, 1867–1896). Cited by volume and page number. AP , lx.73 [volume 60, page 73] [ AN]: A rchives Nationales de France. At the time of writing, documents in the O/1 series are numbered, and I cite them by box and document number, hence O/1/617 #47. AJ/13 documents remain unnum- bered, but classifi ed within different numbered dossiers, and I cite them as follows: AJ/13/3.II. Ars: Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal, Paris BCF: Bibliothèque de la Comédie-Française, Paris BHVP: Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris BMB: Bibliothèque municipale, Besançon BN-Est: Cabinet des Estampes, Bibliothèque nationale de France BnF: Bibliothèque nationale de France B NM: D épartement de la musique, Bibliothèque nationale de France CER: Conseil d’Etat du Roi CIP [In the text]: Comité d’instruction publique [In footnotes]: P rocès-verbaux du Comité d’instruction publique de l’Assemblée législative, publiés et annotés par M. J. Guillaume (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1889), and

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