STAGES EMERGENCY OF S T A G E S E M E R G E N C Y O F COLD WAR NUCLEAR CIVIL DEFENSE TRACY C. DAVIS DUKE UNIVERSITY PRESS DURHAM AND LONDON 2007 ©2007DukeUniversityPress Allrightsreserved PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper(cid:5) DesignedbyHeatherHensley TypesetinAdobeGaramondbyTsengInformationSystems LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataappear onthelastprintedpageofthisbook. to max allthewhitespaceonthesepagesismythanks forthis,andsomuchelse CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xiii Introduction 1 PartI:DirectingApocalypse 1.CivilDefenseConceptsandPlanning 9 2.RehearsalsforNuclearWar 58 PartII:ActYourPart:ThePrivateCitizenonthePublicStage 3.ThePsychologyof Vulnerability 105 4.Sheltering 127 5.GetOutofTown! 158 6.Communications 181 7.ActingOutInjury 198 PartIII:CovertStages:The‘‘PublicSector’’RehearsesinPrivate 8.CrisisPlay 223 9.InternationalPlay 247 10.DisasterWelfare 261 11.ContinuityofGovernment 287 12.ComputerPlay 312 Afterword:DismantlingCivilDefense 331 Appendix:ColdWarandCivilDefenseTimeLine 339 Notes 351 WorksCited 401 Index 429 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The intellectual and gustatory debts that accrue in researching aninternationalstudysuchasthisaredaunting.Istartwithmy latecolleagueDwightConquergood,wholistened,wasintrigued, andencouragedthisworkfromitsinception;BeverlyWright,who askedzingerquestionsatcrucialmoments;andexceptionalcol- leagues—PeterGlazer,BazKershaw,andTomPostlewait—who tookagreatdealtimefromtheirownworkinordertosubstan- tially improve mine. Richard Schechnerand Paul Boyerare also singled out for particular thanks. Special thanks also to Stefka Mihaylova,SheilaMoeschen,andNatalieHanemannwhohelped preparethefinalmanuscript.ManyNorthwesterncolleagues,stu- dents,andconnectionsputinformationinmyhandsorsmoothed the road in myriad ways, including Kamran Afary, Henry Bin- ford, Steve Caruso, Beth E. Clausen, Paul Edwards, Gary Fine, CindyGold,MarvaGolden,VirgilJohnson,JacobJuntunen,Liz Luby, Bill McHugh, Russell Maylone, Sara Monoson, Barbara O’Keefe, Patrick Quinn, Celeste Pietrusza, Sally Roberts, Jim Schwoch, Daniel Smith Jr., Claire Stewart, Harvey Young, and DanZellner.Colleaguesnearandfarhavecontributedinstrumen- tally,includingAaronAnderson,ScottBennett,CarolBurbank, GayGibsonCima,MaryCroarken,JimDavis,LesleyDelmenico, JodyEnders,JohnEmigh,PennyFarfan,DennisKennedy,David Krasner,RicKnowles,DavidKrugler,MichaelMcKinnie,Rose- maryMariner,LisaMerrill,KurtPiehler,LionelPilkington,Della Pollock, Joseph Roach, Laurence Senelick, RoseWhyman, and Jutta Wildes. I am also grateful to some of their students who
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