St John and the Victorians PDF
Preview St John and the Victorians
ST JOHN AND THE VICTORIANS ThegospelaccordingtoStJohn,oftenregardedasthemostimpor- tant of the gospels in the account it gives of Jesus’ life and divinity, received close attention from nineteenth-century biblical scholars, and prompted a significant response in the arts.This original inter- disciplinarystudyoftheculturalafterlifeofJohninVictorianBritain placesliterature,thevisualartsandmusicintheirreligiouscontext. Discussion of the Evangelist, the gospel and its famous prologue is followedbyanexaminationofparticularepisodesthatareuniqueto John.MichaelWheeler’sresearchreveals thedepthofbiblical influ- enceonBritishculture,andonindividualssuchasRuskin,Holman Hunt and Tennyson. He makes a significant contribution to the understandingofculture,religionandscholarshipintheperiod. michael wheelerisaVisitingProfessorofEnglishattheUniver- sityofSouthamptonandanHonoraryProfessoroftheRuskinLibrary and Research Centre at Lancaster University. His previous publica- tions from Cambridge University Press are Death and the future life in Victorian literature and theology (1990, winner of the Conference onChristianityandLiteratureAward,USA;paperbackabridgement, Heaven, hell and the Victorians, 1994), Ruskin’s God (1999) and The old enemies: Catholic and Protestant in nineteenth-century English culture (2006). He is a Trustee of Gladstone’s Library, President of theRuskinSocietyandaformerlaycanonandmemberofChapter atWinchesterCathedral. ST JOHN AND THE VICTORIANS MICHAEL WHEELER cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521509725 (cid:2)c MichaelWheeler2012 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2012 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Wheeler,Michael,1947– St.JohnandtheVictorians/MichaelWheeler. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-521-50972-5 1.Bible.N.T.John–Criticism,interpretation,etc. 2.Bible.N.T.John–Influence. 3.GreatBritain–Civilization–19thcentury. 4.GreatBritain–History–19thcentury. I.Title.II.Title:SaintJohnandtheVictorians. bs2615.52.w45 2012 226.5(cid:3)06094109034–dc23 2011029381 isbn978-0-521-50972-5Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. ToSusan MostreadersfeelthatthisGospelcontainssomeofthemostinvaluable treasuresofChrist’srevelation;thatitcontainswhatcouldbesupplied tousfromnootherquarter. ThomasArnold,‘Christ’sResurrection.– TheconfessionofThomas’(1837) Veryremarkableisithowlittlechildrenandripechristians,thesim- plestmindedandthedeepestminded,alllike[StJohn’sgospel]with soprofoundaliking.Tothechilditistheeasiest,tothemerelogician themostperplexing,ofallthebooksoftheNewTestament. JamesCulross,Lazarusrevived(1858) Contents Listofillustrations pageix Preface xiii Notesonreferencing xvi part i the evangelist, the gospel, the word 1 TheApostleoflove:StJohntheEvangelist 3 Youngdiscipleandageddivine 3 Witnessandcontemplative 13 BeloveddiscipleandApostleoflove 20 2 ‘Themostmarvellousenigma’:thefourthgospel 29 Traditionalandcriticalorthodoxies 29 Poetryandmysticism 41 3 TheLightoftheWord:Incarnation 52 LightandLife 52 InterpretingtheWord 57 RepresentingtheLight 69 part ii interpretations and representations 4 Waterintowine:themiracleatCana 85 Indefenceofmiracles 85 IllustratingCana 96 Thepoetryofmanifestation 104 5 Livingwater:thewomanatthewell 111 Factorallegory? 111 Christologyatthewell 118 Thefallenwomanconverted 129 vii viii Contents 6 Raisingthedead:LazarusofBethany 139 Aproblematicnarrative 139 ThequintessenceofJohn 144 Poeticlanguageandnarrativesilence 152 Abeautywhichartcannotreach 162 7 ‘Beholdthymother’:atthefootoftheCross 169 CatholicversusProtestant 169 BloodycrucifixesandgildedVirgins 179 AnglicizingtheStabatMater 189 8 Touchingtherisenbody:MaryMagdaleneandThomas 199 Sainthoodandmisrepresentation 199 Thepoetryoffaithanddoubt 211 PicturingtherisenChrist 224 Afterword 236 Bibliography 239 Index 262
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