SPSS explained

399 Pages·2004·13.637 MB·English

by  Perry R Hinton, et al

SPSS Explained

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R
O
SPSS
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Explained
T
Perry R. Hinton, Charlotte
Brownlow, Isabella L
McMurray & Bob Cozens
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D

G
E
First published 2004 by Routledge
27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge Inc,
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
Copyright © 2004 Perry R. Hinton, Charlotte Brownlow, Isabella McMurray & Bob Cozens
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publishers.
This book is not sponsored or approved by SPSS, and errors are in no way the
responsibility of SPSS. SPSS is a registered trademark and the other product
names are trademarks of SPSS Inc. SPSS Screen Images © SPSS Inc. For further
information, contact: SPSS UK Ltd, First Floor St Andrew’s House, West Street,
Woking, Surrey GU21 6EB, UK
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. For further information,
contact: Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399, USA
This publication has been produced with paper manufactured to strict environmental
standards and with pulp derived from susta inable forests.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
SPSS explained / by Perry R. Hinton...[et al.].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-415-27409-5 (hbk) – ISBN 0-415-27410-9 (pbk.)
1. SPSS (Computer file) 2. Psychology–Statistical methods–Computer
programs. I. Hinton, Perry R. (Perry Roy), 1954–
BF39.S68 2004
300′.285′536–dc22
2003026286
ISBN 0-203-64259-7 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-67627-0 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0-415-27409-5 (hbk)
ISBN 0-415-27410-9 (pbk)
To our families
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Contents
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Figures xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
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1 Introduction 1
The book outline 3 s
The chapter outline 3

2 Data entry 7
Things to think about before entering data 8
Using SPSS for the first time 10
Data Editor 11
3 Descriptive statistics 23
Introduction to descriptive statistics 24
Sending variables across to a different box 24
Data entry 25
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CONTENTS
Frequency command 25
Procedure for the one sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test 30
Descriptives command 32
Basic tables 34
4 Illustrative statistics 39
Introduction to illustrative statistics 41
Graphs displaying distributions of scores 42
Graphs for data with an independent measures design 49
Graphs for data with a repeated measures design 55
Graphs for data with a mixed design 57
Transposing axes (SPSS versions 11 and earlier) 60
Transposing axes (SPSS version 12) 61
Graphs illustrating frequency counts 64
Editing graphs (SPSS versions 11 and earlier) 66
Editing axes (SPSS versions 11 and earlier) 67
Editing graphs (SPSS version 12) 70
Editing axes (SPSS version 12) 71
Interactive graphs and gallery 72
5 Working with your dataset 73
Transforming your data 74
Log transformation 76
Recoding data 78
Replacing missing values 80
Split file command 83
Weight cases command 85
Importing data from Excel 87
Copying and pasting between applications (SPSS versions 11 and earlier) 89
Copying and pasting between applications (SPSS version 12) 90
6 Introduction to statistical tests 93
Different statistical tests 94
Introduction to parametric tests: the logic of significance testing 94
Things to consider before analysing your data 97
viii
CONTENTS
Concerns about significance testing 98
Confidence intervals 99
Power 100
Conclusion: advice on significance testing 102
7 t tests 105
Independent samples t test 107
The paired samples t test 114
8 Nonparametric two sample tests 123
Mann–Whitney U test (for independent samples) 124
Wilcoxon signed-ranks test (for related samples) 130
9 Introduction to analysis of variance
(general linear model) 137
Introduction 138
General Linear Model command 138
A model for analysing data 139
The general linear model 143

Key terms in the analysis of variance 148
Univariate analysis of variance 150
Multivariate analysis of variance 151
Repeated measures analysis of variance 151
Contrasts and multiple pairwise comparisons 156
Main effects 159
Comparing condition means 161
10 One factor analysis of variance 163
One factor independent measures analysis of variance 164
One factor repeated measures analysis of variance 187
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