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The Trans- lantic Slave Trade Database At SPSS COD BOOK E Expanded Dataset 201 dition 6 E TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.TECHNICAL VARIABLES ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.DATA VARIABLES ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 A. SHIP, NATI ON, O WNERS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 B .VOYAGE OUT COME ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 C .VOYAGE ITINERARY.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 D. VOYAGE DAT ES ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 E .CAPT AIN AND CREW ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 F. SLAVES (NUMBERS) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 G .SLAVES (CHARACT ERI STICS) .................................................................................................................................................................................................19 H. SOURCES ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 3.IMPUTED VARIABLES ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 A. SHIP, NAT ION, O WNERS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 B .VOYAGE OUT COME ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24 C .VOYAGE ITINERARY ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25 D. VOYAGE DAT ES ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 E .CAPT AIN AND CREW ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 F. SLAVES (NUMBERS)...................................................................................................................................................................................................................27 G .SLAVES (CHARACT ERISTICS) ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27 APPENDIX: GEOGRAPHICAL CODES .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GEOGRAPHIC VARIABLES FOR DIFF ERENT STAGES OF A SLAVE VOYAGE ............................................................................ 31 BROAD REGIONS.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 SPECIFIC REGIONS................................................................................................................................................................................................32 PLACES WIITHIN BROAD REGIONS AND SPECIFIC REGIONS......................................................................................................................................................36 Introduction The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database expanded dataset contains three types of variables: 1) technical variables; 2) data variables; and 3) imputed variables. Technical variables assign a unique identification number to each trans-Atlantic slaving voyage (the basic unit of analysis), keep track of changes since publication of the database on CD-ROM in 1999, and provide voyage groupings used for purposes of computing two key imputed variables, the total number of slaves embarked (SLAXIMP) and disembarked (SLAMIMP). Data variables comprise those variables whose values come directly from historical records. Imputed variables either are computed from data variables (such as slave mortality rates) or infer data not found in existing documentation on the basis of patterns observed in data variables (such as embarkations on slave voyages on ships of similar tonnage and rigging in the same period of time). Assumptions made in imputing variables are explained at some length in the introduction to The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM, eds. David Eltis, Stephen D. Behrendt, David Richardson, and Herbert S. Klein (Cambridge, 1999), and in David Eltis, “Construction of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database: Sources and Methods” (2010), in the section “Understanding the Database” on the Voyages website. The SPSS format of each variable is specified just below its label. F stands for standard numeric format, A for an alphanumeric or string variable, and DATE for dates entered as yyyy-mm-dd. The number following a letter indicates its width or the number of characters allowed for entering data. Numbers are integers except for ratios and percentages. Their print and write format is usually F8.5, indicating a width of 8 characters of which 5 follow the decimal point. 1 1. Technical variables VOYAGEID Voyage identification number Format: F6 EVGREEN Voyage i n 1999 CD-ROM Format: F1 EVGREEN Value Label 1 yes XMIMPFLAG Voyage groupings for estimating imputed slaves Format: F3 XMIMPFLAG XMIMPFLAG Value Label Value Label 1 Spanish, pre-1626 25 Schooner, 1826-50 2 Spanish, 1626-41 26 Schooner, 1851-66 3 French, pre-1716 27 Curveta, pre-1751 4 Pernambuco, pre-1701 28 Curveta, 1751-75 5 Pernambuco, 1701-1800 29 Curveta, 1776-1800 6 Pernambuco, post-1800 30 Curveta, post-1800 7 Dutch, pre-1650 31 Ship, pre-1726 8 Dutch, 1650-73 32 Ship, 1726-50 9 Dutch, 1674-1730 33 Ship, 1751-75 10 Dutch, post-1730 34 Ship, 1776-1800 11 Bahi a, pre-1751 35 Ship, 1801-25 14 Bahia, 1801-25 36 Ship, 1826-1850 15 Bahia, post-1825 37 Ship, post-1850 16 Spanish, 1642-62 38 Schooner-bri g 17 Brig, pre-1751 39 Sm ack 18 Brig, 1776-1800 40 Patacho 19 Brig, 1801-25 41 Brigantine, pre-1776 20 Brig, 1826-50 42 Brigantine, 1776-1800 21 Brig, post-1850 43 Brigantine, 1801-25 22 Schooner, pre-1776 44 Briganntine, 1825-50 23 Schooner, 1776-1800 45 Brigantine, post-1850 24 Schooner, 1801-25 46 Barque, pre-1826 2 XMIMPFLAG XMIMPFLAG Value Label Value Label 47 Barque, 1826-50 81 Berganti ne, 1801-25 48 Barque, 1851-75 82 Berganti ne, 1826-75 49 Pol acca 83 Penque 50 Pilot 84 Charrua 51 Sum aca, pre-1751 85 Fregata, post-1800 52 Sum aca, 1751-76 86 Balandra 53 Sum aca, 1776-1800 87 Paquete 54 Sum aca, 1800-25 88 Iate, pre-1826 55 Sum aca, 1826-66 89 Iate, post-1825 56 Fel ucca 90 Galeta, pre-1826 57 Barqua 91 Gal eta, 1826-50 58 Nav io Mercante 92 Gal eta, 1851-75 59 Chal upa 93 Small craft 60 Gal era, pre-1751 94 Buque, pre-1726 61 Gal era,1751-76 95 Buque, 1726-1825 62 Gal era, 1776-1800 97 Fregata, 1776-1800 63 Gal era, 1801-25 98 Brig, 1751-75 64 Gal era, post-1850 99 North America, pre-1851 65 Sloop, pre-1751 101 Senegambia, pre-1701 66 Sloop, 1751-76 102 Senegambia, 1701-1800 67 Sloop, 1776-1800 103 Senegambia, post-1800 68 Sloop, post-1800 104 Sierra Leone, pre-1701 69 Steamer 105 Sierra Leone, 1701-1800 70 Fregata, pre-1726 106 Sierra Leone, post-1800 71 Fregata, 1726-75 107 Gol d Coast, pre-1701 73 Fluit 108 Gol d Coast, post-1700 74 Snow, pre-1726 110 B. of Benin, pre-1700 75 Snow, 1726-50 111 B. of Benin, 1700-1800 76 Snow, 1751-75 112 B. of Benin, post-1800 77 Snow, 1776-1800 113 B. of Biafra, pre-1700 78 Snow, post-1800 114 B. of Biaf ra, 1700-1800 79 Berganti ne, pre-1776 115 B. of Biaf ra, post-1800 80 Berganti ne, 1776-1800 116 W C Africa, pre-1701 3 XMIMPFLAG XMIMPFLAG Value Label Value Label 117 WC Africa, 1701-1800 140 US bri g, post-1825 118 WC Africa, post-1800 141 US schooner, pre-1776 120 Windward Coast 142 US schooner, 1776-1800 122 SE. Africa, pre-1701 143 US schooner, 1801-25 123 SE. Africa, 1701-1800 145 US schooner, post-1825 124 SE. Africa, post-1800 146 US ship, pre-1776 128 No ri g, 1651-75 147 US ship, 1776-1800 129 No ri g, 1676-1700 148 US ship, 1801-25 130 No ri g, 1701-25 149 US ship, post-1825 131 No ri g, 1726-50 150 US bri gantine, pre-1776 132 No ri g, 1751-75 151 US bri gantine, 1776-1825 133 No ri g, 1776-1800 152 US bri gantine, post-1825 134 No ri g, 1801-25 154 US barque 135 No ri g, 1826-50 155 US sl oop 136 No ri g, 1851-66 156 US snow 137 US bri g, pre-1776 157 Dani sh, pre-1794 138 US bri g, 1776-1800 159 Dani sh, 1794-1806 139 US bri g, 1801-25 4 2. Data variables A. Ship, Nation, Owners SHIPNAME Name of vessel Format: A60 NATIONAL Country i n which ship registered Format: F2 The variable name “FLAG” is used instead of “NATIONAL” on the Voyages website. NAT IONAL NAT IONAL Value Label Value Label 1 Spain 12 Hanse Towns, Brandenburg 2 Uruguay 13 Sweden 4 Portugal 14 Norway 5 Brazil 16 Argentina 7 Great Britai n 17 Russi a 8 Netherlands 18 Sardi nia 9 U.S.A. 19 Mexico 10 France 24 Genoa 11 Denmark TONNAGE Tonnage of vessel Format: F4 TONTYPE Defi niti on of ton used i n tonnage Format: F2 TONTYPE 11 Russi an Value Label 12 Dani sh 1 Portuguese 13 Engli sh 1 2 Brazilian 14 Engli sh 2 3 Spani sh 15 Engli sh 3 4 French 17 Engli sh 4 5 U.S.A. 19 Norwegi an 7 Dutch 20 Mexi can 8 HanseTowns, 21 Engli sh RAC Brandenburg 22 Engli sh pre-1775 5 RIG Ri g of vessel Format: F2 RIG RIG Value Label Value Label 1 Brig 32 Fluit 33 Brik 2 Schooner 3 Curveta 34 Hoeker 4 Ship 35 Snauw 5 Schooner-bri g 36 Yaght 6 Smack 37 Pinas 38 Galj oot 7 Pa tacho 8 Brigantine 39 Hekboot 40 Bergantim 9 Barque 10 Pol acca schooner 41 Penque 11 Pail ebot 42 Não 12 Pilot boat 43 Corsari o 13 Sum aca 44 Charrua 14 Yacht 45 Fregata 15 Felucca 46 Charraui nha 16 Galli ot 47 Balandra 17 Cutter 48 Paquete 18 Pinnace 49 Hyate (iate) 19 Launch 50 Berli n 20 Barqua 51 Gal eta 21 Nav io mercante 52 Lugger 22 Charrua de guerra 53 Ketch 23 Chal upa 54 Billd 24 Polla ca 55 Boat 25 Gal era 56 Shal p 26 Vessel 57 Pink 27 Sloop 58 Hay 28 Steamer 59 Dogger 29 Whaler 60 Buque 30 Fregat 61 Laud 31 Barque (Dutch) 62 Brigue-escuna 6 RIG RIG Value Label Value Label 63 Fragatihna 77 Vasca 64 Nau-Carav el a 80 Pangai o 65 Lancha 81 Pall a 66 Tal av eira 82 Barca 67 Batelão 83 Escaller 70 Carav el a 84 Filibote 71 Gal eão 85 Urca 75 Fal ux o 86 Pinnace 76 Xix orro GUNS Guns mounted Format: F2 YRCONS Year of vessel’s construction Format: F4 PLACCONS Place where vessel constructed Format: F5 See appendix of geographical codes for values CONSTREG Region where vessel constructed Format: F5 See appendix of geographical codes for YRREG values Year of vessel’s registration PLACREG Format: F4 Place wherevessel registered Format: F5 REGISREG See appendix of geographical codes for values Region where vessel registered OW NERA Format: F5 See appendix of geographical codes for values OW NERB First owner of venture Format: A60 OW NERC Second owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERD Thi rd owner of venture Format: A40 Fourth owner of venture Format: A40 7 OW NERE Fifth owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERF Sixth owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERG Seventh owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERH Eighth owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERI Ninth owner of venture Format: A4 OW NERJ Tenth owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERK Eleventh owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERL Twelfth owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERM Thirteenth owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERN Fourteenth owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERO Fifteenth owner of venture Format: A40 OW NERP Sixteenth owner of venture Format: A40 B. Voyage Outcome FATE Particular outcome of voyage Format: F3 FATE Value Label 1 Voyage completed as intended 2 Shipwrecked or destroyed, before slaves embarked 3 Shipwrecked or destroyed, after embarkation of slaves or during slaving 4 Shipwrecked or destroyed, after disembarkation 5 Shipwrecked or destroyed - unspecified 6 Captured by pirates or privateers - before slaves embarked 7 Captured by pirates or privateers - after embarkation of slaves 8

Description:
49 Pol acca. 50 Pilot. 51 Sum aca, pre-1751. 52 Sum aca, 1751-76. 53 Sum aca, 1776-1800. 54 Sum aca, 1800-25. 55 Sum aca, 1826-66. 56 Fel ucca.
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