Sports Safety. Accident Prevention and Injury Control in Physical Education, Athletics, and ...

332 Pages·2011·6.73 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
SP 006 711
ED 079 293
Yost, Charles Peter, Ed.
AUTHOR
Sports Safety.. Accident Prevention and Injury Control
TITLE
in Physical Education, Athletics, and Recreation.
American Association for Health, Physical Education,
INSTITUTION
and Recreation, Washington, D.C. Div. of Safety
Education.
Health Services and Mental Health Administration
SPONE AGENCY
(DHEW), Rockville, Md. Bureau of Community
Environmental Management..
NOTE
328p.
AVAILABLE FROM American Association for Health, Physical Education,
and Recreation, 1201 Sixteenth St., N. W.,
Washington, D. C. 20036 ($6.00)
MF-$0.65 HC Not Available from EDRS.
EDRS PRICE
*Accident Prevention; Health Activities; Health.
DESCRIPTORS
Education; Injuries; Physical Activities; *Physical
Education; *Safety; *Safety Education; Safety
Equipment
ABSTRACT
This anthology of articles concerned with injury in
sports and safety procedures is divided into three parts. Part One is
devoted to general discussions of safety and a guiding philosophy for
accident prevention. Part Two develops articles on administration and
supervision, including discussions of health examination, legal
liability, facilities, equipment, and supplies. Part Three is broken
down into nine sections in which individual sports and their safety
problems are considered. The nine section headings are safety in team
sports (baseball, basketball, soccer, others); safety in individual
sports (archery, bowling, others); safety in dual sports (Fencing,
judo, wrestling); safety in aquatic activities; safety in open water
aquatic sports; safety in winter sports; safety in outing activities
(fishing, camping, hunting and shooting); safety in dance and in
children's movement (developmental and play activities). Included as
appendixes are a suggested outline for a college course in sports
safety and copies of questionnaires on sports safety sent out to
athletic personnel.
(JA)
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OWNER "
ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND INJURY CONTROL IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION, ATHLETICS, AND RECREATION
CHARLES ATER YOST
EDITOR
........
FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY
Prepared Under Contract PH 86-67-260
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Public Health Service
Bureau of Community Environmental Management
(Injury Control)
Division of Safety Education
of the
American Association for Health,
Physical Education, and Recreation
A National Affiliate of the
National Education Association
1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Preface
Sports have a major role in life's struggle and
ists entering the sports field should be knowl-
are real and valued experiences. Sports injuries,
edgeable about the extent and causes of injuries
in various sports and general prevention con-
however, reflect an inefficient way of life, signi-
trols. They also should know about injuries
fying human or environmental stress. Today the
public is showing increased interest in sports
unique to various sports and control techniques.
injuries and accidents and is
asking "why?"
As an essential beginning, this text examines
the basis for leadership preparation in injury
Significantly, taking needless risks in sports is
questioned seriously by today's youth.
prevention.
Traditionally, accidents in sports were ac-
The injury prevention and hazards control
cepted as part of the game. Newer and more
knowledge of sports leaders can have a great
sophisticated sports thinking no longer accepts
influence on the safety of participants. AAHPER
that accidents are inevitable. They are caused by
and the USPHS recognize that .a comprehensive
conditions or persons that are not right! It fol-
guide on this subject is necessary for college,
lows that correction and control of conditions
school, anu community sports departments for
and persons can reduce significantly sports ac-
their use in preprofessional and in-service train-
cidents and injuries.
ing programs. Chapters dealing with specific
Desirable policies to be followed by school
sports and activities are valuable as a reference
and college administrators of physical educa-
for volunteer leaders associated with youth and
adult sports programs as well as for partici-
tion, athletics, and sports programs were speci-
fied in School Safety Policies
with Emphasis
pants. This publication includes principles and
sports injury prevention which
on Physical Education, Athletics, and Recreation,
practices
in
the American Association for
published by
school administrators, physical education teach-
Education, and
Health,
ers, athletic coaches, and those responsible for
Physical
Recreation
Translating these policies
(AAHPER) in
community sports programs may use in improv-
1968.
for a sound injury prevention and accident
ing sports programs.
control program is the primary purpose of this
Part I of this publication (chapters 1 and 2)
deals with the accident problem and the phi-
publication, Sports Safety.
AAHPER and the United States Public Health
losophy of accident prevention and injury con-
Service (USPHS) strongly urge that all special-
trol in sports. Part II (chapters 3-11) deals with
iii
iv
to conserve space. Collaborators and reviewers
general administrative policies and procedures
who contributed valuable assistance are ac-
in terms of external controls and internal con-
knowledged at the end of various chapters.
trols: external controls refers to rules and regu-
lations imposed by a group other than the
Particular thanks is expressed to Bernard I.
Loft for his leadership as textbook project di-
sports participants' sponsoring institution or or-
rector and to Kenneth S. Clarke, J. Duke Elkow,
ganization; internal controls refers to those ad-
A. E. Florio, and Daniel P. Webster for their
ministrative and supervisory practices which
teamwork in assembling information and their
are within the sponsoring institution or organi-
(chapters 12-55) deals with
contributions as members of the editorial com-
zation. Part
III
mittee; to Edward Mileff who served as liaison
safety in specific sports or activities. College
between AAHPER and USPHS; to John H.
and university personnel desiring to incorporate
Cooper who succeeded Edward Mileff; and to
a sports safety course in their curricula will find
John L. Morgan, the project officer for USPHS
helpful a "Suggested Course Outline for A Col-
for his wise counsel. Contributions of time and
lege Course in Sports Safety" in Appendix A.
energy devoted to secretarial excellence were
Many people have assisted in the preparation
made by Mrs. Lilley Gee len Cale, Miss Joyce
of this text. Experts in the field of sports have
Arthur, and Mrs. Helen Waters. Special ac-
explored significant factors and principles of
knowledgment is given to Mrs. Charles Peter
injury control. A decade ago, the leaders in the
Yost for her assistance in cataloging materials
field recognized the need for this type of publi-
and in preparing the final manuscript.
cation. Many of these leaders were instrumental
To have served as editor of this publication,
in establishing the Safety Education Division of
a role assigned to this writer by the editorial
AAHPER and were joined by related agencies
committee, has proved to be a rich and reward-
including the USPHS, represented by Daniel P.
in concert with the
ing experience. Sincere appreciation is expressed
Webster, whose efforts
to the committee for its confidence. On behalf
Safety Education Division and USPHS resulted
of the committee, this writer states that Sports
in a contract negotiation for the development
Safety will meet a long felt need for a text to
of Sports Safety.
be used by the profession to achieve further re-
Indebtedness is expressed to the authors and
ductions in accidents and injuries in sports.
co-authors who are identified in the Table of
Contents. Certain editorial adjustments were
Charles Peter Yost
made in the manuscripts to avoid duplication of
material, to assure continuity of content, and
Editor
Editorial Committee
PROJECT CHAIRMAN
COORDINATOR PART II
BERNARD I. Lon., H.S.D.
KENNETH S. CLARKE, PH.D.
Professor of Health and Safety Education
Associate Professor
Director, Center for Safety and Traffic Education
Department of Health Education
School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation
Mankato State College
Indiana University
Mankato, Minnesota
Bloomington, Indiana
EX OFFICIO
EX OFFICIO
EDWARD MILEFF, £D.D.
JOHN H. COOPER, ED.D.
Professor of Health Education
Consulter t in Health and Safety Education
Indiana University of Pennsylvania
American Association for Health,
Indiana, Pennsylvania
Physical Education, and Recreation
(Formerly Consultant of AAHPER)
Washington, D.C.
PROJECT OFFICER
JOHN L. MORGAN, B.A.
COORDINATOR PART I
School and Recreational Consultant
Bureau of Community Environmental Management
J. DUKE ELKOW, PH.D.
(Injury Control)
Professor of Health and Physical Education
United States Public Health Service
Brooklyn College of the City University of New York
Cincinnati, Ohio
Adjunct Professor of Safety
The Center for Safety
COORDINATOR PART III
New York University
DANIEL P. WEBSTER, ED.D.
New York, New York
Regional Office Representative
Regional Medical Programs Services
United States Public Health Service
COORDINATOR PART III
Denver, Colorado
A. E. "JOE" FLORIO, ED.D.
Professor of Safety Education
EDITOR
Program Director of Safety and Driver Education
CHARLES PETER YOST, PH.D.
College of Physical Education
Dean, School of Physical Education
West Virginia University
University of Illinois
Morgantown, West Virginia
Champaign, Illinois
v
Contents
PAGE
iii
Preface
I'ART I
THE PROBLEM,
THE PHILOSOPHY
CHAPTER
3
THE INJURY PROBLEM IN SPORTS
1
J. DUKE ELKOW, PH.D.
-
Professor of Health and Physical Education, Brooklyn College
of the City University of New York; Adjunct Professor of
Safety, The Center for Safety, New York University, New
York City
12
PHILOSOPHY OF SPORTS ACCIDENT PREVENTION
2
AND INJURY CONTROL
J. DUKE ELKOW
PART II
ADMINISTRATION
AND SUPERVISION
25
ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION
3
INTRODUCTION
CHARLES PETER YOST, PH.D.
Dean, School of Physical Education, West Virginia University,
Morgantown
ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION
29
4
EXTERNAL CONTROLS
CLIFFORD B. FAGAN, M.A.
Executive Secretary, National Federation of State High School
Athletic Associations, Chicago, Illinois
vii
viii
CHAPTER
PAGE
5
ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION
32
INTERNAL CONTROLS
STANLEY F. PECHAR, ED.D.
Associate Professor of Education, New York University, New
York City
THE HEALTH EXAMINATION
6
38
KENNETH S. CLARKE, PH.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Health Education, Mankato
State College, Mankato, Minnesota
7
LEADERSHIP CONTROLS
44
NORMAN J. JOHNSON, ED.D.
Chairman and Professor, Department of Health, Physical Edu-
cation and Recreation, Lincoln
University, Jefferson City,
Missouri
8
FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES
51
GEORGE F. COUSINS, P.E.D.
Chairman, Department of Physical Education for Men, School
of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Indiana Univer-
sity, Bloomington
9
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FIRST AID AND
59
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
ROBERT M. OSWALD, M.S.
National Director of Safety Programs, American National Red
Cross, Washington, D.C.
10
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
65
GEORGE P. SILVERWOOD, M.S.
Director of Safety Education (Ret.), Green Bay Public Schools,
Green Bay, Wisconsin
11
LEGAL LIABILITY
72
BERNARD I. LOFT, H.S.D.
Professor of Health and Safety Education Director, Center for
Safety and Traffic Education, Indiana University, Bloomington
PART III
SAFETY IN
SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES
SAFETY IN TEAM SPORTS
12
BASEBALL AND SOFTBALL
80
WARREN J. HUFFMAN, ED.D.
Professor of Health Education, Research Director, Department
of Safety Education, College of Physical Education, University
of Illinois, Champaign
13
BASKETBALL
86
HARRY COMBES, M.S.
Assistant Professor of Physical Education, University of Illinois,
Champaign
A. E. "JOE" FLORIO, ED.D.
Professor of Safety Education, Program Director of Safety and
Driver Education, College of Physical Education, University of
Illinois, Champaign
i
ix
PAGE
CHAPTER
90
FIELD HOCKEY
14
JANE ANNE MOVER, M.S.
Assistant Professor of Physical Education for Women, Depart-
ment of Physical Education for Women, Purdue University,
La Fayette, Indiana
93
TACKLE FOOTBALL
15
CARL S. BLYTH, PH.D.
Chairman and Professor of Physical Education, University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill
97
TOUCH AND FLAG FOOTBALL
16
JOSEPH G. DZENOWAGIS, ED.D.
Professor of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Michi-
gan State University, East Lansing
100
ICE HOCKEY
17
JOHN CONLEY, PH.D.
Assistant Professor of Health and Safety Education, University
of Illinois, Champaign
104
LACROSSE
18
BRUCE A. CORRIE, P.E.D.
Lacrosse Coach, Intramural Director, Assistant Professor of
Physical Education, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
107
SOCCER
19
ROBERT GUELKER, M.S.
Soccer Coach, Coordinator of Intramural Sports, Southern
Illinois University at Edwardsville, Edwardsville
111
VOLLEYBALL
20
JAMES EUGENE COLEMAN, A.B.
U.S.A. Men's Olympic Volleyball Coach, Assistant Professor
of Chemistry, George Williams College, Downers Grove, Illinois
SAFETY IN INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
114
ARCHERY
21
BEN BRUCE, M.S.
Assistant Professor of Physical Education, School of Health,
Physical Education and Recreation, Indiana University, Blnom-
ington
116
BOWLING
22
c..
RICHARD S. YOUNGBERG, M.A.
Head Golf Coach, Instructor in Physical Education, Department
of Physical Education for Men, University of Illinois, Champaign
118
EQUITATION
23
JACK C. HUGIISTON, M.D.
Chairman, Committee on Sports Medicine, American Academy
of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Columbus, Georgia
121
GOLF
24
RICHARD S. YOUNGBERG, M.A.
x
CHAPTER
PAGE
GYMNASTICS
25
124
GEORGE SZYPULA, M.S.
Gymnastics Coach, Associate Professor of Physical Education,
Michigan State University, East Lansing
MARKSMANSHIP
26
131
STANLEY A. MATE, A.B.
Director, Competitions, Training and FacilP.Ies Division, Na-
tional Rifle Association of America, Washington, D.C.
27
TRACK AND FIELD
134-
DON CASH SEATON, ED.D.
Professor and Director of Graduate Program, Department of
Health,
Physical
Education
Recreation,
and
University
of
Kentucky, Lexington
28
WEIGHT TRAINING AND WEIGHT LIFTING
139
RICHARD A. BERGER, PH.D.
Professor of Physical Education, Department of Health, Physical
Education, and Recreation, Temple University, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
SAFETY IN DUAL SPORTS
29
FENCING
142
ROBERT KAPLAN, PH.D.
Professor of Health Education, Ohio State University, Columbus
30
BADMINTON, HANDBALL, PADDLEBALL, SQUASH
145
RACQUETS, AND TENNIS
DAVID 0. MATThEWS, ED.D.
Director, Division of Intramural Activities, University of Illinois,
Champaign
JUDO
31
149
Elm K. KOIWAI, M.D.
Associate Professor of Pathology, Hahnemann Medical College
and Hospital, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania; President, United
States Judo Federation
WRESTLING
32
153
WALTER KROLL, P.E.D.
Professor of Physical Education, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst
PHILIP J. RASCH, PH.D.
Chief, Physiology
Naval Medical Field
Division,
Research
Laboratory, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina
SAFETY IN AQUATIC ACTIVITIES
33
ELEMENTARY SWIMMING AND WATER SAFETY
157
SIDNEY C. HAZELTON, M.A.
Professor Emeritus of Physical Education, Dartmouth College,
Hanover, New Hampshire
34
RECREATIONAL SWIMMING
166
M. ROGER WARREN, RE.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Recreation Resources Ad-
ministration, North Carolina State University, Raleigh