Sports Medicine: Just the Facts

651 Pages·2006·8.05 MB·English

SPORTS MEDICINE
Just the Facts
EDITORS
Francis G. O’Connor, MD, FACSM
Director, Sports Medicine Fellowship Program
Associate Professor of Family Medicine
Department of Family Medicine
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Bethesda, Maryland
Robert E. Sallis, MD, FAAFP, FACSM
Co-Director, Sports Medicine Fellowship
Kaiser Permanente Medical Center
Fontana, California
Robert P. Wilder, MD, FACSM
Associate Professor Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Medical Director the Runner’s Clinic at UVA
Team Physician, UVA Athletics, The University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
Patrick St. Pierre, MD
Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
Uniformed Series University of the Health Sciences
Bethesda, Maryland
Associate Director Nirschl Orthopedic
Sports Medicine Fellowship
Arlington, Virginia
SPORTS MEDICINE
Just the Facts
Francis G. O’Connor
Robert E. Sallis
Robert P. Wilder
Patrick St. Pierre
The views in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not
reflect the official policy or position of the US Army, US
Department of Defense, or the US Government.
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DOI: 10.1036/007144632X
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CONTENTS
Contributors xi
Preface xix
Section 1
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SPORTS MEDICINE 1
1 The Team Physician Christopher B. Ranney,
Anthony I. Beutler and John H. Wilckens 1
2 Ethical Considerations in Sports Medicine
Ralph G. Oriscello 4
3 Legal Issues Aaron Rubin 8
4 Field-Side Emergencies
Michael C. Gaertner and Loren A. Crown 11
5 Mass Participation Events Scott W. Pyne 20
6 Catastrophic Sports Injuries Barry P. Boden 24
7 Orthopedic Sports Medicine Terminology
Scott A. Magnes 30
8 Basics in Exercise Physiology
Patricia A. Deuster and David O. Keyser 34
9 Articular Cartilage Injury
Stephen J. Lee and Brian J. Cole 46
10 Muscle and Tendon Injury and Repair
Bradley J. Nelson and Dean C. Taylor 55
11 Bone Injury and Fracture Healing
Carlos A. Guanche 61
12 The Preparticipation Physical Examination
Robert E. Sallis 66
13 Basic Principles of Exercise Training
and Conditioning Craig K. Seto 75
14 Nutrition Nancy M. DiMarco and Eve V. Essery 83
15 Exercise Prescription Mark B. Stephens 91
v
vi
CONTENTS
16 Exercise and Chronic Disease Karl B. Fields,
Michael Shea, Rebecca Spaulding, and David Stewart 95
17 Playing Surface and Protective Equipment
Jeffrey G. Jenkins and Scott Chirichetti 102
Section 2
EVALUATION OF THE INJURED ATHLETE 107
18 Diagnostic Imaging Leanne L. Seeger
and Kambiz Motamedi 107
19 Electrodiagnostic Testing Venu Akuthota
and John Tobey 111
20 Exercise Testing David E. Price, Kevin Elder,
and Russell D. White 118
21 Gait Analysis D. Casey Kerrigan
and Ugo Della Croce 126
22 Compartment Syndrome Testing
John E. Glorioso and John H. Wilckens 130
23 Exercise-Induced Asthma Testing
Fred H. Brennan, Jr. 135
24 Drug Testing Aaron Rubin 137
Section 3
MEDICAL PROBLEMS IN THE ATHLETE 141
25 Cardiovascular Considerations
Francis G. O’Connor, John P. Kugler,
and Ralph P. Oriscello 141
26 Dermatology Kenneth B. Batts 149
27 Genitourinary Michael W. Johnson 157
28 Ophthalmology Ronica A. Martinez
and Kayvan A. Ellini 162
29 Otorhinolaryngology Charles W. Webb 166
30 Dental Elizabeth M. O’Connor 170
31 Infectious Disease and the Athlete John P. Metz 173
32 Endocrine Considerations
William W. Dexter and Shireen Rahman 181
33 Hematology in the Athlete William B. Adams 193
34 Neurology Jay Erickson 199
35 Gastroenterology David L. Brown
and Chris G. Pappas 205
36 Pulmonary Carrie A. Jaworski 211
37 Allergic Diseases in Athletes
David L. Brown, David D. Haight, and Linda L. Brown 220
vii
CONTENTS
38 Overtraining Syndrome/Chronic Fatigue
Thomas M. Howard 228
39 Environmental Injuries Brian V. Reamy 232
Section 4
MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS IN THE ATHLETE 239
40 Head Injuries Robert C. Cantu 239
41 Cervical Spine Gerard A. Malanga, Garrett
S. Hyman, and Jay E. Bowen 243
42 Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Scott F. Nadler
and Michele C. Miller 248
43 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technical Considerations
and Upper Extremity Carolyn M. Sofka 257
44 Shoulder Instability Robert A. Arciero 263
45 Rotator Cuff Pathology Patrick St. Pierre 268
46 Sternoclavicular, Clavicular, and Acromioclavicular
Injuries Carl J. Basamania 273
47 Shoulder Superior Labrum Biceps
and Pec Tears Jeffrey S. Abrams 281
48 The Throwing Shoulder Carlos A. Guanche 287
49 Elbow Instability
Derek H. Ochiai and Robert P. Nirschl 291
50 Elbow Articular Lesions and Fractures
Edward S. Ashman 293
51 Elbow Tendinosis Robert P. Nirschl
and Derek H. Ochiai 297
52 Soft Tissue Injuries of the Wrist in Athletes
Steven B. Cohen and Michael E. Pannunzio 299
53 Soft Tissue Injuries of the Hand in Athletes
Todd C. Battaglia and David R. Diduch 305
54 Wrist and Hand Fractures
Geoffrey S. Baer and A. Bobby Chhabra 311
55 Upper Extremity Nerve Entrapment
Margarete DiBenedetto and Robert Giering 320
56 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Lower Extremity
Carolyn M. Sofka 329
57 Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh Brett D. Owens
and Brian D. Busconi 337
58 Knee Meniscal Injuries John P. Goldblatt
and John C. Richmond 342
59 Knee Instability Alex J. Kline and Mark D. Miller 350
60 The Patellofemoral Joint Robert J. Nicoletta
and Anthony A. Schepsis 356
viii
CONTENTS
61 Soft Tissue Knee Injuries (Tendon and Bursae)
John J. Klimkiewicz 359
62 Ankle Instability Todd R. Hockenbury 366
63 Surgical Considerations in the Leg
Gregory G. Dammann and Keith S. Albertson 373
64 Tibial and Ankle Fractures Edward S. Ashman
and Brian E. Abell 377
65 Foot Injuries Mark D. Porter, Joseph J. Zubak,
and Winston J. Warme 382
66 Lower Extremity Stress Fracture
Michael Fredericson 390
67 Nerve Entrapments of the Lower Extremity
Robert P. Wilder, Jay Smith, and Diane Dahm 396
Section 5
PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION 405
68 Physical Modalities in Sports Medicine
Alan P. Alfano 405
69 Core Strengthening Joel Press 412
70 Medications and Ergogenics Scott B. Flinn 415
71 Common Injections in Sports Medicine:
General Principles and Specific Techniques
Francis G. O’Connor 426
72 Footwear and Orthotics Eric Magrum
and Jay Dicharry 433
73 Taping and Bracing
Tom Grossman, Kate Serenelli, and Danny Mistry 442
74 Psychologic Considerations in Exercise and Sport
Nicole L. Frazer 446
75 Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Anthony I. Beutler and Wayne B. Jonas 453
Section 6
SPORTS-SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS 461
76 Baseball James R. Morales and Dennis A. Cardone 461
77 Basketball John Turner and Douglas B. McKeag 464
78 Boxing: Medical Considerations
John P. Reasoner and Francis G. O’Connor 470
79 Crew Andrew D. Perron 473
80 Cross-Country Ski Injuries Janus D. Butcher 475
81 Bicycling Injuries Chad Asplund 480
82 Figure Skating Roger J. Kruse and Jennifer Burke 485
ix
CONTENTS
83 Football John M. MacKnight 491
84 Golfing Injuries Gregory G. Dammann
and Jeffrey A. Levy 497
85 Gymnastics John P. DiFiori and Julie Casper 500
86 Ice Hockey Injuries Peter H. Seidenberg
and Tory Woodard 506
87 Rugby Injuries Peter H. Seidenberg
and Rochelle Nolte 513
88 Running Robert P. Wilder, Francis G. O’Connor 519
89 Soccer Nicholas A. Piantanida 526
90 Swimming Nancy E. Rolnik 531
91 Tennis Robert P. Nirschl 534
92 Triathlon Shawn F. Kane and Fred H. Brennan 538
93 Weightlifting Joe Hart
and Christopher D. Ingersoll 543
94 Lacrosse Thad Barkdull 548
95 Wrestling Michael G. Bowers
and Thomas M. Howard 553
Section 7
SPECIAL POPULATIONS 559
96 The Pediatric Athlete Amanda Weiss Kelly
and Terry A. Adirim 559
97 The Geriatric Athlete Cynthia M. Williams 565
98 The Female Athlete Rochelle M. Nolte
and Catherine M. Fieseler 573
99 Special Olympics Athletes
Pamela M. Williams and Christopher M. Prior 581
100 The Disabled Athlete
Paul F. Pasquina, Halli Hose, and David C. Young 586
101 The Athlete with a Total Joint Replacement
Jennifer L. Reed 594
102 Cancer and the Athlete Brian Whirrett
and Kim Harmon 598
103 The Athlete with HIV
Robert J. Dimeff and Andrew M. Blecher 602
Appendix 609
Index 615