Sports Injuries and Prevention PDF
Preview Sports Injuries and Prevention
Kazuyuki Kanosue Editor in Chief Tetsuya Ogawa Mako Fukano Toru Fukubayashi Editors Sports Injuries and Prevention Sports Injuries and Prevention Kazuyuki Kanosue Editor in Chief Tetsuya Ogawa • Mako Fukano Toru Fukubayashi Editors Sports Injuries and Prevention Editor in Chief Kazuyuki Kanosue FacultyofSportSciences Waseda University Saitama,Japan Editors Tetsuya Ogawa MakoFukano FacultyofSportSciences FacultyofSportSciences Waseda University Waseda University Saitama,Japan Saitama,Japan ToruFukubayashi FacultyofSportSciences Waseda University Saitama,Japan ISBN 978-4-431-55317-5 ISBN 978-4-431-55318-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55318-2 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015944319 SpringerTokyoHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon © Springer Japan 2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerJapanKKispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Introduction to the Series Waseda University of Japan has a tradition of producing great athletes among its graduates,suchasMikioOda,thefirstJapaneseevertowinanOlympicgoldmedal. Waseda University strongly supports coaching techniques that embody a practical application of the knowledge gained from the fundamental research findings of sportsscience.WasedaUniversityalsotakesprideinprovidingathleteswithmedical carethatutilizesleading-edgesportsmedicineandformulatesmanagementstrategies that combine all these elements. This approach has led to a strong tradition of sports-basedresearch—whatweliketocall“WasedaSports”—whichhasenjoyed an unprecedented level of success. This tradition was enhanced by the Faculty of Sport Sciences inWaseda University in 2009 when they initiated the Global COE (Center of Excellence) Program, entitled “Sport Sciences for the Promotion of ActiveLife.”TheGlobalCOEProgramisundertheaegisoftheJapaneseMinistry ofEducation,Culture,Sports,Science,andTechnology;thisMinistrysupportsthe developmentofinternationalcentersofeducationandresearchexcellence. While life expectancy in Japan is the highest in the world, large-scale societal changes here and elsewhere have led to an increase in health problems due to a decrease in activity and physical fitness. In the aging population, there has been a deterioration of overall health, much of which can be attributed to inactivity and excess body weight. It is especially troubling that similar problems are increasing among children and are associated with severe physical and mental disabilities. The international scope of the above problems provided the impetus for Waseda UniversitytoformtheGlobalCOEProgram.Thiseffortinvolvedtheconstruction of an international hub of education and research specifically designed to develop andencouragetalentedresearcherstocreatesportsprogramsthatwouldcontributeto anactiveandvitallifestyle.Theprogramemphasizesthedevelopmentofspecialist knowledgeinconjunctionwithabroadunderstandingandawarenessofthediverse worldofsports.Oneofourgoalswastofocusnotjustonimprovingtheindividual health of mind and body but also to develop an understanding of the conditions presentinregionsandsocietiesthatfacilitatesuchimprovementsinthelifestyleof individuals. v vi IntroductiontotheSeries The sports sciences have created and are extending an important body of knowledge. It is critical that this information be utilized to produce an active, two-wayinteractionbetweentheinvestigatorsandtheactiveparticipantsofsporting events.Inordertoprovideafocusfordevelopingthisreciprocalintercommunica- tion,theGlobalCOEProgramidentifiedthreestrategicprojectthemes:(1)Active ChildrenProject,(2)ActiveElderlyProject,and(3)EliteAthleteProject.TheCOE Programwasproactiveinseekingoutmaturegraduatestudentswhowerereturning tohighereducationafteraperiodofwork,therebyfacilitatingameaningfulcontri- bution to the formation of academic careers for specialists who were active in the practical domain of sports. Many graduate students from abroad, especially from Asiancountries,joinedtheprogramandhavecontributedtoourgoalsviaboththe creation of academic knowledge and direct participation in the sports relevant to their area of investigation. TheformalfundingfortheGlobalCOEProgramcametoanendinMarch2014, buttheprojectsinitiatedbytheprogramandtheactivitiesofthegraduatescontinue unabated.Theaccomplishmentsmadeduringthe5yearsoftheprogramhavebeen documentedinaseriesoffourbookswiththeoverallthemeof“SportsScienceand anActiveLife.”Weareproudtopresentthissubstantialbodyofresearchinthefol- lowingseriesofbooks:Vol.1:Sports Management and Sports Humanities (Kohei Kogiso,DaichiOshimi,MunehikoHarada,Eds.),Vol.2:Physical Activity, Exercise, Sedentary Behavior, and Promoting Health (Satomi Oshima, Zhen-Bo Cao, KoichiroOka,Eds.),Vol.3:Sports Performance(TomoyukiNagami,JunTsuchiya, Eds.), andVol. 4: Sports Injuries and Prevention (Tetsuya Ogawa, Mako Fukano, ToruFukubayashi,Eds.).Theserieswaswrittenbythededicatedfacultymembers and young graduate students and postdoctoral researchers under the guidance of investigatorswhotookpartintheGlobalCOEProgram.Theserieswasalsocon- tributedtobyleadingresearchersaroundtheworld,mostofwhobelongtoWaseda University’sresearchinstituteoruniversitypartners.Iappreciatetheircontributions aswellastheirparticipationintheGlobalCOEProgram.Duringthe5yearsofthe program, an international network of individuals and universities doing active researchintheareaofsportsscienceshasbeenestablished.Iexpectthisnetworkto growwiderandstrongerinthefutureandtocontributetothesolutionofmanyof thehealthproblemsthatplaguemodernsocieties.Wewillallcontinuetoworkhard toinvolvesportsactivitiesinthesolutionstotheseproblemsandintheprocessaid inadvancingthesportsactivitiesthemselves. Finally, I express my appreciation to the editors of each volume, who not only didafinejoboforganizingthevolumesbutalsowrotechaptersthatwereimportant scientificcontributionstotheoveralleffort.WewouldalsoliketothanktheGlobal COEstafffortheirefficientworkandthekindsupporttheyextendedtothegraduate students. Drs. Larry Crawshaw and Candace S. O’Connor are thanked for their enthusiasticeditorialassistance. ProgramLeader KazuyukiKanosue GlobalCOE“SportSciencesforthe PromotionofActiveLife” Waseda University Preface As contemporary humans, we benefit from sports in many ways. These include promotionandmaintenanceofbothphysicalandmentalwell-being,enhancement of communication with others, and the fostering of a sense of community in the overall society. Moreover, international competition in sports utilizing commonly agreed upon rules can result in a deepening of mutual understanding between peopleallovertheworld.Thisawarenessandtolerancecanextendbeyondcultures andlanguages.Furthermore,throughsports,wecanaddressourultimatepossibilities ashumanbeings. In opposition to these possible advantages, on the other hand is an important matterthatmustbetakenintoaccount.Participatinginsportscanleadtoinjuries, and it is necessary to develop an awareness of sports-induced injury incidence. Moreover,thefactremainsthatsuchinjuriescanbepreventedorminimizedthrough appropriate interventions. As a representative example of efforts toward sports injuryprevention,overthelastdecadetheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC) has been placing a particular emphasis on the maintenance of health and injury preventionamongOlympicathletes.In2011,theIOCforthefirsttimehostedThe IOCWorldConferenceonPreventionofInjuryandIllnessinSportanddeclareda focusoftheirsupportonpreventionofinjuryandillnessamongtheathletes. Inanotherexampleontheinternationallevel,in1993theInternationalFederation of Football Associations (FIFA) established the FIFA Medical Assessment and ResearchCentre(F-Mark)andhavebeenworkingontheassessmentandanalysis ofinjuryoccurrencesinWorldCupandotherinternationalgames.Itisconsidered as crucially important to address injury occurrence based on a common standard worldwide. For prevention, understanding the source and frequency of injuries on thebasisofavalid,completestatisticalanalysiscanplayasignificantrole. Since its inception, preventive medicine has brought about a transformation of modernmedicineandhasbeenmakingsignificantcontributionstowardprevention ofinfectiousdiseases,primarilythroughvaccination.Forthepreventionofsports- relatedinjuriesandillnesses,ontheotherhand,theeffectivenessofsomeapproaches vii viii Preface suchasapplicationsofparticulartrainingprogramsandtheuseofmedicalcheckups before competitions have been recognized as important interventions.Application ofappropriatetrainingprogramshasbeenfoundtosignificantlydecreasetheinci- dence of sports-related injuries. In addressing the construction of strategies for sports-related injury prevention in the future, it is essential to promote a better understandingoftheunderlyingmechanismsandriskfactors. Throughout this book, the authors provide such information. Current data are presentedontheincidenceofsports-relatedinjuries,thetypesofinjuriesspecificto particular sports, and the importance of factors such as age and gender. Possible injury mechanisms and risk factors are presented based on an analysis involving recentscientificfindings. Thebookiscomposedofsevenparts.Inthefirstpart,currentsituationsandthe general characteristics of sports-related injuries are outlined on the basis of an investigationutilizingstatisticaldatainvolvingalargenumberofpopulations.Inthe followingparts,detailedinformationontheinjuriesintermsofthetypesofsports activities,bodysites,symptoms,andtherelationshipsamongthesefactorsaredis- cussed.PartII,forexample,dealswithtopicsonconcussionandseverehead–neck injurieswhichoccurfrequentlyinrugbyandjudo. In Parts III and IV,asoneofthemajorsports-relatedinjuries,anteriorcruciate ligament(ACL)injuriesarediscussed.Beginningwiththeunderlyingmechanisms asassessedbyusingthelatestmeasuringtechniques,characteristicfeaturesoftheir occurrencearedescribed.Thisparticulartypeofsportsinjuryisparticularlydepen- dent on gender and occurs much more frequently in females than in males. The backgroundandpossibleinterventionsforpreventionwillbediscussed,particularly amongsoccerandbasketballplayers.Further,PartIVdealswithtopicsonpostop- erative (ACL reconstruction) aspects of ACL injuries, especially those related to musclefunctionsandtendonregenerationinthehamstringmuscles. Part Vdealswithmusclestrainandfocusesparticularlyonthoseoccurringinthe hamstringmusclesasthismusclegroupisknownasoneofthemostfrequentsites of muscle strain.The occurrence mechanisms in relation to the characteristic fea- tures of the muscle group as well as possible intervention for prevention are explained. In Part VI,disordersrelatedtotheankleandfootareintroduced.Precisemove- mentsofthefootbonesandtheirrelationshiptotheincidenceofinjuriesaswellas possibleinterventionsforpreventionarediscussed.Finally,PartVII provides infor- mation on lower back disorders. Included are detailed mechanisms of their inci- dence,epidemiology,andimplicationsfortheirprevention. Avarietyofsportsareincludedtoallowthereadertobettergeneralizetheresults as well as to apply appropriate procedures to specific sports. The authors have emphasized basic scientific findings to help the reader gain a broad knowledge of sports injuries. The potential audience includes medical doctors, physical therapists,athletictrainers,coaches,andinterestedparents.Thisbookisexpected to play a prominent role in the construction of training programs for both healthy Preface ix andinjuredplayers.Thefocusonjuniorathleteswillaidintheireducation,injury prevention,andincreasedperformance.Itwillalsobenefitinstructorsatthejunior andseniorhighschoollevels. Saitama,Japan TetsuyaOgawa Saitama,Japan MakoFukano Saitama,Japan ToruFukubayashi
Description:The list of books you might like
