Spinal Cord Disease: Basic Science, Diagnosis and Management PDF
Preview Spinal Cord Disease: Basic Science, Diagnosis and Management
Spinal Cord Disease Basic Science, Diagnosis and Management Springer-Verlag London Ltd. Edmund Critchley and Andrew Eisen (Eds) Spinal Cord Disease Basic Science, Diagnosis and Management With 118 Figures , Springer Edmund Critchley, DM, FRCP Royal Preston Hospital, Department of Neurology Sharoe Green Lane, Preston PR2 4HT, UK Andrew Eisen, MD, FRCP(C) Vancouver General Hospital 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z IM9, Canada Consulting Editor Michael Swash, MD, FRCP, MRCPath The London Hospital, Neurology Department Whitechapel, London El lBB, UK ISBN 978-1-85233-121-4 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Spinal cord disease : basic science. diagnosis and management 1. Spinal cord - Diseases 1. Critchley. E. M. R. (Edmund Michael Rhys) II. Eisen. Andrew.1936- 616.8'3 ISBN 978-1-85233-121-4 ISBN 978-1-4471-0569-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-0569-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study. or criticism or review. as permitted under the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988. this publication may only be reproduced. stored or transmitted. in any form or by any means. with the prior permission in writing of the publishers. or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. © Springer-Verlag London 1997 Originally published by Springer-Verlag London Limited in 1997 2nd printing 1999 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply. even in the absence of a specific statement. that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and reguiations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceuticalliterature. Typeset by EXPO Holdings. Malaysia 28/3830-54321 Printed on acid-free paper Contents Preface by Rick Hansen................................................ ...................... IX List of Contributors............................................................................ xi 1 Introduction E.M.R. Critchley and A.A. Eisen . 2 Anatomical Basis ofSpinal Cord Function T.J. Zwimpfer and J.D. Steeves 11 3 Prospects for Spinal Cord Repair after Injury J.D. Steeves and T.]. Zwimpfer 21 4 Spinal Modulation ofNoxious Stimuli E.M.R. Critchley and M. T. Isaac 33 5 Spasticity G.R. Critchley 47 6 Hazards ofSpinal/Lumbar Puncture J.P.R. Dick 53 7 Neuropathology D.l. Graham 61 8 Embryology and Paediatric Aspects ofSpinal Disorders A. Hill................................................... ................................................ 97 9 Imaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord J.S. Lapointe 117 10 Clinical Features ofSpinal Compression N.T. Gurusinghe............................................ ...................................... 145 11 Electrophysiological Investigation ofDisorders of the Spinal Cord A.A. Eisen 175 12 Radiculopathy due to Diseases other than Disc Disease A.A. Eisen 203 13 Autonomic Dysfunction in Spinal Cord Disease R.D. Fealey 219 v vi Contents 14 Trauma to the Cervical Spine J.R. Johnson 229 15 Disc and Degenerative Disease: Stenosis, Spondylosis and Subluxation C.H.G. Davis........................................................................................ 251 16 Craniocervical Anomalies and Non-traumatic Syringomyelia R.A. Metcalfe and R.A. Johnston 275 17 Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Cervical Spine M. Dvorak and R.W. McGraw............................................................ 297 18 Meningitic Disorders and Myelopathies E.M.R. Critchley 317 19 Myelopathies in HIV Infection R. Guiloff............................................................................................. 339 20 Disorders of the Anterior Horn Cell J.D. Mitchell................................................................ ......................... 347 21 Tropical Diseases of the Spinal Cord K. Rajamani and C. savant................................................................ 367 22 The Conus Medullaris and Sphincter Control M. Swash........................................................................ ...................... 403 23 Psychosexual and Psychosocial Aspects ofSpinal Cord Disease M.T. Isaac........................................................................... ................. 415 24 Spinal Vascular Disease M.J. Aminoff........................................................................................ 423 25 Decompression Illnesses and the Spinal Cord R.R. Pearson 443 26 Inherited Diseases of the Spinal Cord L.A. Bindoffand R.A. Shakir.............................................................. 461 27. Deficiency Diseases of the Spinal Cord R.A. Shakir and L.A. Bindoff.............................................................. 477 28. Vertebral Body Collapse J.P.R. Dick............................................................................................ 485 29 Spinal Epidural Abscess J.P.R. Dick............................................................................ ................ 495 30 Spinal Tumours N.T. Gurusinghe................................................................ .................. 501 Contents vii 31 Trauma and Paraplegia T. T. Lee and B.A. Green 545 32 SCI Rehabilitation: Concepts) Mobility) Functional Electrical Stimulation) Spasticity R.f. Weber and R.C. Davis.................................................................. 585 Index.................................................................................................... 601 Preface Spinal Cord Injury or disease can happen to anyone at any time and the effects can be devastating. I found this out personally when I was thrown from the back of a pick up truck at age 15 was left paralyzed from the waist down. It was during my recuperation as a young teenager that I first gained insight into the importance of rehabilitation. My family, doctors, nurses, fellow patients and researchers who were dedicated to helping me over- come my personal tragedy helped me pull through. Today, rehabilita- tion medicine is taking great strides and empowering the person with the injury to take control of their future, overcome their setbacks and, through collaborative support, reach their personal goals and potential. Since 1987 the Legacy raised by my Man in Motion World Tour (24901 miles wheeled around the world March 1985-May 1987) has pro- vided over $13 million dollars to research and rehabilitation in the areas of spinal cord injury. I hope that in some small way this funding has contributed to the development of the vital programmes that supported me and many others. The effects of spinal cord injury are traumatic and life-shattering and require a skilled interdisciplinary approach. I congratulate those who have contributed to this book and challenge each one of you to never give up on your dreams to find the answers to the optimum treatment of spinal cord injury and disease. Rick Hansen ix Contributors M.J. Aminoff, MD, FRCP Professor of Neurology, School ofMedicine, Department of Neurology M-794, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0114, USA L.A. Bindoff, MSc, MBBS, MRCP, MD Consultant Neurologist, Middlesborough General Hospital, Ayresome Green Lane, Middlesborough, Cleveland, TS5 5AZ, UK E.M.R. Critchley, DM, FRCP Professor ofNeurology, Preston Royal Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston, PR24HT, UK G.R. Critchley, MA, FRCS Registrar in Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hope Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK C.H.G. Davis, FRCS Consultant Neurosurgeon, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston, PR2 4HT, UK J.P.R. Dick Consultant Neurologist, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK M. Dvorak 3rd Floor, 910 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4E3, Canada A.A. Eisen, MD, FRCP(C) Professor ofNeurology, Vancouver General Hospital, Neuromuscular Disease Unit, 855 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1M9, Canada R.D. Fealey, MD Department ofNeurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA D.1. Graham Professor of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK xi xii Contributors B.A. Green Professor of Neurological Surgery, Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, and Co- Director of the Acute Spinal Cord Injury Service, University ofMiami School ofMedicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Attending Physician at the Veterans Administration Hospital, President and Director of Clinical Research at the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, 1501 NorthWest 9th Avenue, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA R. Guiloff, MD, FRCP Professor, Neuromuscular Unit, Ground Floor Room, South Wing, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK N.T. Gurusinghe Consultant Neurosurgeon, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston, PR24HT, UK A. Hill Head of Division of Paediatric Neurology, BC Children's Hospital, 10184480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3VH, Canada M.T. Isaac Consultant and Senior Lecturer in Psychiatry, Suite 6, Lewisham Hospital, Lewisham High Street, London, SE13 6LH, UK J.R. Johnson, MBBS, FRCS Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, Paddington and Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK R.A. Johnston Consultant Neurosurgeon, Institute of Neurological Sciences, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK J.S. Lapointe Associate Professor of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Neuroradiologist, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4E3, Canada T.T. Lee Department of Neurological Surgery, University ofMiami School ofMedicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA R.W.McGraw Professor and Head ofOrthopaedics, 3rd Floor, 910 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4E3, Canada R.A. Metcalfe Consultant Neurologist, Institute ofNeurological Sciences, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
The list of books you might like
