SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power

548 Pages·2012·10.88 MB·English

by  Rashid

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Rashid
SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power
Third Edition
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Power electronics can be a difficult course for students to understand and for professors
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to teach. Simplifying the process for both, SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power,
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Third Edition illustrates methods of integrating industry standard SPICE software for design C
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verification and as a theoretical laboratory bench.

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Helpful PSpice Software and Program Files Available for Download
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Based on the author Muhammad H. Rashid’s considerable experience merging design
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content and SPICE into a power electronics course, this vastly improved and updated edition w
focuses on helping readers integrate the SPICE simulator with a minimum amount of time
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and effort. Giving users a better understanding of the operation of a power electronics circuit,
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the author explores the transient behavior of current and voltage waveforms for each and
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every circuit element at every stage. The book also includes examples of all types of power l
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converters, as well as circuits with linear and nonlinear inductors.
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New in this edition:
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• �Student learning outcomes (SLOs) listed at the start of each chapter
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• Changes to run on OrCAD version 9.2
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• Added VPRINT1 and IPRINT1 commands and examples n
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• Notes that identify important concepts

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• Examples illustrating EVALUE, GVALUE, ETABLE, GTABLE, ELAPLACE, GLAPLACE,
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EFREQ, and GFREQ e
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• Mathematical relations for expected outcomes, where appropriate t
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• The Fourier series of the output voltages for rectifiers and inverters i
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• PSpice simulations of DC link inverters and AC voltage controllers with PWM control
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This book demonstrates techniques of executing power conversions and ensuring the quality w
of the output waveforms rather than the accurate modeling of power semiconductor devices.
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This approach benefits students, enabling them to compare classroom results obtained with r
simple switch models of devices. In addition, a new chapter covers multi-level converters.
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Assuming no prior knowledge of SPICE or PSpice simulation, the text provides detailed step-
by-step instructions on how to draw a schematic of a circuit, execute simulations, and
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view or plot the output results. It also includes suggestions for laboratory experiments
and design problems that can be used for student homework assignments.
K12773
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K12773_cover.indd 1 4/24/12 12:41 PM
SPICE for
Power Electronics
and Electric Power
Third Edition
Muhammad H. Rashid
Life Fellow IEEE
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20120424
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-6047-2 (eBook - PDF)
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To my parents, my wife Fatema,
my children Faeza, Farzana, and Hasan,
and my grandchildren Hannah, Laith, and Laila

Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................xiii
Acknowledgments...................................................................................................xvii
Author......................................................................................................................xix
PSpice.Software.and.Program.Files........................................................................xxi
Chapter 1 Introduction...........................................................................................1
1.1. Introduction................................................................................1
1.2. Descriptions.of.SPICE................................................................2
1.3. Types.of.SPICE...........................................................................2
1.4. Types.of.Analysis.......................................................................3
1.5. Limitations.of.PSpice.................................................................4
1.6. Descriptions.of.Simulation.Software.Tools................................6
1.7. PSpice.Platform..........................................................................7
1.7.1. PSpice.A/D....................................................................7
1.7.2. PSpice.Schematics.........................................................7
1.7.3. OrCAD.Capture............................................................8
1.8. PSpice.Schematics.versus.OrCAD.Capture...............................8
1.9. SPICE.Resources........................................................................9
1.9.1. Websites.with.Free.SPICE.Models................................9
1.9.2. Websites.with.SPICE.Models......................................11
1.9.3. SPICE.and.Circuit.Simulation.Information.Sites........12
1.9.4. Engineering.Magazines.with.SPICE.Articles.............12
Suggested.Reading..............................................................................13
Chapter 2 Circuit.Descriptions............................................................................15
2.1. Introduction..............................................................................15
2.2. Input.Files.................................................................................16
2.3. Nodes........................................................................................17
2.4. Element.Values.........................................................................17
2.5. Circuit.Elements.......................................................................18
2.6. Element.Models........................................................................21
2.7. Sources.....................................................................................21
2.8. Output.Variables.......................................................................22
2.9. Types.of.Analysis.....................................................................23
2.10. PSpice.Output.Commands........................................................24
2.11. Format.of.Circuit.Files.............................................................28
2.12. Format.of.Output.Files.............................................................29
2.13. Examples.of.PSpice.Simulations..............................................30
2.13.1. Pulse.and.Step.Responses.of.RLC.Circuits.................30
v
vi Contents
2.13.2. Sinusoidal.and.Frequency.Responses.
of.RLC Circuits........................................................37
2.14. PSpice.Schematics....................................................................43
2.14.1. PSpice.Schematics.Layout...........................................43
2.14.2. PSpice.A/D..................................................................44
2.14.3. Probe...........................................................................44
2.14.4. OrCAD.Capture..........................................................44
2.15. Importing.Microsim.Schematics.in.OrCAD.Capture..............48
Problems..............................................................................................52
Suggested.Reading..............................................................................55
Chapter 3 Defining.Output.Variables..................................................................57
3.1. Introduction..............................................................................57
3.2. DC.Sweep.and.Transient.Analysis...........................................57
3.2.1. Voltage.Output.............................................................57
3.2.2. Current.Output............................................................59
3.2.3. Power.Output...............................................................60
3.3. AC.Analysis..............................................................................62
3.3.1. Voltage.Output.............................................................62
3.3.2. Current.Output............................................................63
3.4. Output.Markers.........................................................................64
3.5. Noise.Analysis..........................................................................66
Summary.............................................................................................66
Chapter 4 Voltage.and.Current.Sources...............................................................67
4.1. Introduction..............................................................................67
4.2. Sources.Modeling.....................................................................67
4.2.1. Pulse.Source................................................................68
4.2.2. Piecewise.Linear.Source.............................................69
4.2.3. Sinusoidal.Source........................................................70
4.2.4. Exponential.Source.....................................................71
4.2.5. Single-Frequency.Frequency.Modulation.Source.......73
4.2.6. AC.Sources..................................................................74
4.3. Independent.Sources.................................................................75
4.3.1. Independent.Voltage.Source........................................75
4.3.2. Independent.Current.Source.......................................77
4.3.3. Schematic.Independent.Sources..................................77
4.4. Dependent.Sources...................................................................77
4.4.1. Polynomial.Source......................................................79
4.4.2. Voltage-Controlled.Voltage.Source.............................81
4.4.3. Current-Controlled.Current.Source............................82
4.4.4. Voltage-Controlled.Current.Source............................82
4.4.5. Current-Controlled.Voltage.Source.............................84
4.4.6. Schematic-Dependent.Sources....................................85
Contents vii
4.5. Behavioral.Device.Modeling....................................................85
4.5.1. VALUE........................................................................87
4.5.2. TABLE........................................................................89
4.5.3. LAPLACE...................................................................91
4.5.4. FREQ..........................................................................94
Summary.............................................................................................96
Problems..............................................................................................97
Suggested.Reading............................................................................100
Chapter 5 Passive.Elements...............................................................................101
5.1. Introduction............................................................................101
5.2. Modeling.of.Elements............................................................101
5.2.1. Some.Model.Statements............................................103
5.3. Operating.Temperature...........................................................104
5.3.1. Some.Temperature.Statements..................................104
5.4. RLC.Elements.........................................................................104
5.4.1. Resistor......................................................................105
5.4.2. Capacitor...................................................................106
5.4.3. Inductor.....................................................................108
5.5. Magnetic.Elements.and.Transformers....................................112
5.5.1. Linear.Magnetic.Circuits..........................................112
5.5.2. Nonlinear.Magnetic.Circuits.....................................117
5.6. Lossless.Transmission.Lines..................................................123
5.7. Switches..................................................................................124
5.7.1. Voltage-Controlled.Switch........................................124
5.7.2. Current-Controlled.Switch........................................128
5.7.3. Time-Dependent.Switches........................................131
Summary...........................................................................................134
Problems............................................................................................135
Suggested.Reading............................................................................139
Chapter 6 Dot.Commands.................................................................................141
6.1. Introduction............................................................................141
6.2. Models....................................................................................141
6.2.1. .MODEL.(Model)......................................................142
6.2.2. .SUBCKT.(Subcircuit)..............................................142
6.2.3. .ENDS.(End.of.Subcircuit)........................................143
6.2.4. .FUNC.(Function).....................................................144
6.2.5. .GLOBAL.(Global)....................................................145
6.2.6. .LIB.(Library.File)....................................................145
6.2.7. .INC.(Include.File)....................................................146
6.2.8. .PARAM.(Parameter)................................................147
6.2.9. .STEP.(Parametric.Analysis)....................................149
viii Contents
6.3. Types.of.Output......................................................................151
6.3.1. .PRINT.(Print)...........................................................151
6.3.2. .PLOT.(Plot)..............................................................152
6.3.3. .PROBE.(Probe)........................................................153
6.3.4. Probe.Output.............................................................153
6.3.5. .WIDTH.(Width).......................................................157
6.4. Operating.Temperature.and.End.of.Circuit............................158
6.5. Options...................................................................................158
6.6. DC.Analysis............................................................................161
6.6.1. .OP.(Operating.Point)................................................161
6.6.2. .NODESET.(Nodeset)...............................................162
6.6.3. .SENS.(Sensitivity.Analysis).....................................162
6.6.4. .TF.(Small-Signal.Transfer.Function)........................165
6.6.5. .DC.(DC.Sweep)........................................................168
6.7. AC.Analysis............................................................................173
6.8. Noise.Analysis........................................................................177
6.9. Transient.Analysis..................................................................180
6.9.1. .IC.(Initial.Transient.Conditions)..............................181
6.9.2. .TRAN.(Transient.Analysis)......................................181
6.10. Fourier.Analysis.....................................................................185
6.11. Monte.Carlo.Analysis.............................................................189
6.12. Sensitivity.and.Worst-Case.Analysis......................................193
Summary...........................................................................................196
Problems............................................................................................197
Suggested.Reading............................................................................200
Chapter 7 Diode.Rectifiers.................................................................................201
7.1. Introduction............................................................................201
7.2. Diode.Model...........................................................................201
7.3. Diode.Statement.....................................................................203
7.4. Diode.Characteristics.............................................................204
7.5. Diode.Parameters...................................................................206
7.5.1. Modeling.Zener.Diodes.............................................208
7.5.2. Tabular.Data..............................................................208
7.6. Diode.Rectifiers......................................................................212
7.6.1. Examples.of.Single-Phase.Diode.Rectifiers..............212
7.6.2. Examples.of.Three-Phase.Diode.Rectifiers..............224
7.7. Laboratory.Experiments.........................................................231
7.7.1. Experiment.DR.1.......................................................232
7.7.2. Experiment.DR.2.......................................................233
7.7.3. Experiment.DR.3.......................................................233
Summary...........................................................................................234
Design.Problems...............................................................................234
Suggested.Reading............................................................................237
Contents ix
Chapter 8 DC–DC.Converters...........................................................................239
8.1. Introduction............................................................................239
8.2. DC.Switch.Chopper................................................................239
8.3. BJT.SPICE.Model..................................................................243
8.4. BJT.Parameters......................................................................247
8.5. Examples.of.BJT.DC–DC.Converters....................................251
8.6. MOSFET.Choppers................................................................260
8.7. MOSFET.Parameters.............................................................265
8.8. Examples.of.MOSFET.DC–DC.Converters..........................272
8.9. IGBT.Model............................................................................275
8.10. Examples.of.IGBT.DC−DC.Converters.................................276
8.11. Laboratory.Experiment..........................................................278
8.11.1. Experiment.TP.1........................................................279
8.11.2. Experiment.TP.2........................................................279
Summary...........................................................................................281
Design.Problems...............................................................................281
Suggested.Reading............................................................................283
Chapter 9 Pulse.Width–Modulated.Inverters....................................................285
9.1. Introduction............................................................................285
9.2. Voltage-Source.Inverters........................................................285
9.2.1. Examples.of.Single-Phase.PWM.Inverters...............289
9.2.2. Examples.of.Single-Phase.SPWM.Inverters.............297
9.2.3. Examples.of.Three-Phase.PWM.Inverters................299
9.2.4. Examples.of.Three-Phase.SPWM.Inverters.............305
9.3. Current-Source.Inverters........................................................309
9.3.1. Example.of.Current-Source.Inverter.........................310
9.4. DC.Link.Inverters..................................................................314
9.4.1. Example.of.DC.Link.Three-Phase.Inverter..............314
9.5. Laboratory.Experiments.........................................................319
9.5.1. Experiment.PW.1.......................................................320
9.5.2. Experiment.PW.2......................................................321
9.5.3. Experiment.PW.3......................................................321
9.5.4. Experiment.PW.4.......................................................322
9.5.5. Experiment.PW.5......................................................322
9.5.6. Experiment.PW.6.......................................................323
9.5.7. Experiment.PW.7.......................................................324
Summary...........................................................................................326
Design.Problems...............................................................................326
Suggested.Reading............................................................................329
Chapter 10 Resonant-Pulse.Inverters...................................................................331
10.1. Introduction............................................................................331
10.2. Resonant-Pulse.Inverters........................................................331