Spherical and fibrous filler composites

299 Pages·2016·10.642 MB·English

by  Mittal, Vikas

Editedby
VikasMittal
SphericalandFibrousFillerComposites

EditedbyVikasMittal
Spherical and Fibrous Filler Composites
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V
Contents
ListofContributors XIII
Preface XVII
1 Nanoparticle-andNanofiber-BasedPolymerNanocomposites:An
Overview 1
MuthukumaraswamyRangarajVengatesanandVikasMittal
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Nanoparticles 2
1.2.1 SynthesisofNanoparticles 2
1.3 FibrousNanomaterials 3
1.3.1 Self-AssemblyMethod 3
1.3.2 ElectrospinningMethod 4
1.3.3 MiscellaneousMethods 6
1.3.3.1 ChemicalVaporDepositionMethod(CVD) 6
1.3.3.2 ThermalEvaporation 7
1.4 Nanoparticle-ReinforcedPolymerNanocomposites 7
1.4.1 EffectofSizeandDispersionofNanoparticlesinPolymer
Matrices 7
1.4.2 InfluenceofNanoparticlesontheThermalPropertiesofPolymer
Nanocomposites 8
1.4.3 InfluenceofNanoparticlesontheMechanicalPropertiesof
Polymers 9
1.4.4 ElectricalPropertiesofNanoparticle-ReinforcedPolymer
Nanocomposites 11
1.4.5 ApplicationofNanoparticle-ReinforcedPolymer
Nanocomposites 13
1.4.5.1 Coatings 13
1.4.5.2 SeparationandPurification 14
1.4.5.3 Biomedical 15
1.5 Fibrous-Nanomaterial-BasedPolymerNanocomposites 16
1.5.1 Natural-Fiber-ReinforcedPolymerNanocomposites 16
1.5.1.1 MechanicalandThermalPropertiesofNatural-Fiber-Reinforced
PolymerNanocomposites 17
VI Contents
1.5.2 MetalandMetalOxideFibrousNanomaterial–ReinforcedPolymer
Nanocomposites 18
1.5.2.1 ElectricalPropertiesofMetalandMetalOxide
Nanowire–ReinforcedPolymerNanocomposites 18
1.5.3 Vapor-GrownCarbonNanofiber(VGCNF)-ReinforcedPolymer
Nanocomposites 20
1.5.3.1 EffectofVGCNFsonThermalandMechanicalPropertiesofPolymer
Nanocomposites 21
1.5.3.2 EffectofVGCNFsonElectricalPropertiesofPolymer
Nanocomposites 21
1.5.4 ApplicationsofFibrous-Nanomaterial-BasedPolymer
Nanocomposites 24
1.5.4.1 BiomedicalApplications 24
1.5.4.2 ElectromagneticInterface(EMI)ShieldingApplication 26
ListofAbbreviations 27
References 28
2 FabricationandSurfaceCharacterizationofSphericalFlyAsh
Particle–ReinforcedEpoxyResin 39
ShahadIbraheem,SheilaDevasahayam,OwenStandard,and
SriBandyopadhyay
2.1 Introduction 39
2.1.1 FlyAsh 39
2.1.2 ColorofFlyAsh 41
2.1.3 AdvantagesofFlyAsh 41
2.1.4 SourcesofFlyAsh 42
2.1.5 PhysicalandChemicalProperties 42
2.1.5.1 PhysicalProperties 42
2.1.5.2 ChemicalProperties 43
2.2 MatrixMaterialforPolymerMatrixCompositesPMCs 46
2.2.1 EpoxyResins 46
2.2.2 CuringofEpoxyResin 47
2.2.3 PropertiesofEpoxyResins 49
2.2.4 Applications 49
2.3 ExperimentalFabrication:DoughPreparedforExperimentPart 49
2.3.1 EpoxyResin 49
2.3.2 FlyAsh 50
2.3.3 FabricationofEpoxy–FlyAshComposites 50
2.3.4 Casting 51
2.3.5 Curing 51
2.3.6 MaterialsComposition 51
2.4 TestingandCharacterization 52
2.4.1 SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry(SIMS) 52
2.4.1.1 AdvantagesofSIMSTechnique 53
2.4.1.2 LimitationsofSIMS 54
Contents VII
2.4.1.3 Epoxy–FlyAshCompositeSamplePreparationforUseinSIMS 54
2.4.1.4 Energy-DispersiveX-RaySpectrometry(EDS) 54
2.5 ThisResearch(DonebytheAuthors) 57
2.5.1 10%FA–EpoxyMaterial 57
2.5.2 EDSfor10%FA-EpoxyComposite 58
2.5.3 SIMSfor50wt%FA–EpoxyComposite 59
2.5.4 EDSfor50%FA–EpoxyComposite 60
2.6 Conclusions 61
Acknowledgment 64
References 64
3 Morphology,Structure,andPropertiesofCarbonFiber–Polyamide
Composites 67
LinSangandZhiyongWei
3.1 Introduction 67
3.2 Experiments 69
3.2.1 Materials 69
3.2.2 PreparationofComposites 69
3.2.2.1 PA/CFCompositePreparation 69
3.2.2.2 PA/KCFCompositePreparation 69
3.2.2.3 PA/Toughener/CFCompositePreparation 69
3.2.3 Characterization 70
3.2.3.1 MechanicalTesting 70
3.2.3.2 ScanningElectronMicroscopy 70
3.2.3.3 DifferentialScanningCalorimetry 70
3.2.3.4 X-RayDiffraction 71
3.2.3.5 PolarizedOpticalMicroscopy 71
3.2.3.6 ThermogravimetricAnalysis 71
3.2.4 MechanicalProperties,Crystallization,andMeltingBehaviorsof
Carbon-Fiber-ReinforcedPA6Composites 71
3.2.4.1 MechanicalProperties 71
3.2.4.2 SurfaceMorphology 72
3.2.4.3 NonisothermalCrystallizationBehavior 73
3.2.4.4 SubsequentMeltingBehavior 75
3.2.4.5 CrystallineStructureandSpheruliticMorphology 76
3.2.4.6 ThermalStability 77
3.2.5 MechanicalPropertiesandNonisothermalCrystallizationof
Carbon-Fiber-ReinforcedPA6CompositesTreatedwithCoupling
Agents 79
3.2.5.1 SurfaceMorphologyofTreatedCF 79
3.2.5.2 MechanicalProperties 79
3.2.5.3 SurfaceMorphology 81
3.2.5.4 NonisothermalCrystallizationBehavior 82
3.2.5.5 SubsequentMeltingBehavior 83
3.2.5.6 CrystallineStructureandSpheruliticMorphology 84
VIII Contents
3.2.5.7 ThermalStability 86
3.2.6 MechanicalPropertiesandNonisothermalCrystallizationof
Carbon-Fiber-ReinforcedPA6CompositesToughenedbyMaleated
Elastomers 87
3.2.6.1 MechanicalProperties 87
3.2.6.2 SurfaceMorphology 89
3.2.6.3 NonisothermalCrystallizationBehavior 91
3.2.6.4 SubsequentMeltingBehavior 92
3.2.6.5 CrystallineMorphologyandStructure 93
3.2.6.6 ThermalStability 94
3.3 Conclusion 97
Acknowledgments 98
References 98
4 Natural-Fiber-ReinforcedPolymerComposites 101
OmidNabinejadandSujanDebnath
4.1 Introduction 101
4.2 OverviewofNaturalFibersfromPlantResources 102
4.2.1 AdvantagesofNaturalFibers 102
4.2.2 DisadvantagesofNaturalFibers 103
4.2.3 ChemicalConstituentsofNaturalFibers 104
4.2.4 PropertiesofNaturalFibers 105
4.2.5 SurfaceTreatment 107
4.2.5.1 PhysicalTreatment 107
4.2.5.2 ChemicalTreatment 107
4.3 Natural-FiberComposites 110
4.3.1 ProcessingofNaturalFiberComposites(NFCs) 110
4.3.2 MechanicalPerformanceofNaturalFiberComposites(NFCs) 111
4.3.2.1 TensileProperties 112
4.3.2.2 FlexuralProperties 112
4.3.2.3 ImpactProperties 113
4.3.2.4 DynamicMechanicalPerformance 114
4.3.3 ThermalStabilityofNaturalFiberComposites(NFCs) 114
4.3.3.1 ThermalDegradationofFibers 115
4.3.3.2 ThermalDegradationofComposites 117
4.3.4 MoistureAbsorptionofNaturalFiberComposites(NFCs) 117
4.3.5 TribologicalPerformanceofNaturalFiberComposites(NFCs) 119
4.4 Conclusion 120
References 121
5 Natural-Fiber-ReinforcedEpoxyandUSPResinComposites 127
MunusamyKesavaandKannaiyanDinakaran
5.1 Introduction 127
5.2 ClassificationofNaturalFibers 128
5.3 Natural-Fiber-ReinforcedEpoxyResinComposites 129