Spermatogenesis: biology and clinical implications

293 Pages·2019·60.992 MB·English

by  Cheng, C. Yan

Spermatogenesis
Biology and Clinical Implications
http://taylorandfrancis.com
Spermatogenesis
Biology and Clinical Implications
Edited by
C. Yan Cheng, PhD
Senior Scientist, Center for Biomedical Research
The Population Council, New York City, New York, USA
CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Cheng, C. Yan, editor.
Title: Spermatogenesis : biology and clinical implications / edited by C. Yan Cheng.
Other titles: Spermatogenesis (Cheng)
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018003483| ISBN 9781498764117 (pack- hardback and ebook : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9780429488634 (ebook)
Subjects: | MESH: Spermatogenesis | Testis--physiology | Fertility--physiology
Classification: LCC QP255 | NLM WJ 834 | DDC 612.6/1--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018003483
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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Dedicated to:
My wife Po-lee and our children
Yan-ho and Chin-ho
http://taylorandfrancis.com
Contents
Preface ix
Contributors xi
1 Golgi apparatus regulation of differentiation: A case study for male germ cells of the rat testis 1
Louis Hermo, Regiana L. Oliveira, Charles E. Smith, Catherine E. Au, and John J. M. Bergeron
2 Androgen regulation of spermatogenesis 40
William H. Walker
3 Testicular immunoregulation: The role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases and pattern recognition receptors 52
Fei Wang, Qian Jiang, and Daishu Han
4 Inflammation and Spermatogenesis 63
Maria Susana Theas, Patricia Verónica Jacobo, Cecilia Valeria Pérez, Vanesa Anabella Guazzone, and Livia Lustig
5 Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family: Recent findings and their role and regulation in spermatogenesis 73
Kun Huang and Wing-Yee Lui
6 Sertoli cell immune regulation within the testis 81
Gurvinder Kaur, Kandis Wright, Robin Hannah Greer, Karl Mueller, Allan Haynes, and Jannette M. Dufour
7 The mitotic phase of spermatogenesis: Recent advances and perspectives 94
Kin Lam Fok and Hsiao Chang Chan
8 Genetics of mammalian meiosis 106
Fang Yang and P. Jeremy Wang
9 Roles of membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors in spermatogenesis 116
Paul S. Cooke, Manjunatha K. Nanjappa, Sergei G. Tevosian, and Rex A. Hess
10 Regulation of fertility and infertility in humans 123
Nahid Punjani, Ryan Flannigan, and Peter N. Schlegel
11 Male infertility: Evaluation and treatment 139
Ryan Flannigan and Marc Goldstein
12 Effects of chemical pollutants on spermatogenesis and implications in male infertility 155
Chris KC Wong
13 Advances in our understanding of human spermatogenesis 168
Qing Wen, Elizabeth I. Tang, Tito Jesus, Bruno Silvestrini, and C. Yan Cheng
14 A look into the testis as a reservoir for HIV and ZIKV—A reproductive biologist’s perspective 183
Elizabeth I. Tang, Christopher L. Robinson, Chi Nok Chong, Shuibing Chen, and C. Yan Cheng
15 Cytoskeletons (F-actin) and spermatogenesis 191
Liza O’Donnell and Peter G. Stanton
16 Roles of mTOR signaling in spermatogenesis 201
Lan Ye and Ke Zheng
17 Does planar cell polarity matter during spermatogenesis? 211
Linxi Li, Haiqi Chen, Qingquan Lian, Ren-Shan Ge, and C. Yan Cheng
18 Computational characterization and integrative analysis of proteins involved in spermatogenesis 220
Pranitha Jenardhanan, Manivel Panneerselvam, and Premendu P. Mathur
19 Effects of chemical exposures on testis cell-cell interactions and endocrine function 234
Rachel C. Knight, Jennifer R. Panizzi, and Benson T. Akingbemi
20 Environmental toxicants on Leydig cell function 245
Leping Ye, Xiaoheng Li, Xiaomin Chen, Qingquan Lian, and Ren-Shan Ge
Index 268
vii
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Preface
Over the last two decades, there have been major advances Lastly, there is interest in the field of developing non-
in the study of spermatogenesis. However, a number of hormonal contraceptives for men so that men can play a
these advances come from unexpected groups of inves- more active role in family planning among couples in both
tigators in other fields. These include investigators who developed and developing countries. This has sparked
specialize in studying stem cell biology, clinical urolo- interest, drawing chemists, biologists, clinicians, and
gists and endocrinologists, toxicologists, as well as chem- pharmacologists into the field to better understand sper-
ists, biologists, and clinicians. The rationale behind such matogenesis, so that better new molecules can be synthe-
as unexpected surge of interest in spermatogenesis is as sized and tested prior to clinical studies.16–18
follows. In this book, I attempt to provide a balanced over-
First, there is an intensive interest in the field to under- view of the topic of spermatogenesis from the perspec-
stand the biology of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in tive of a reproductive biologist, while also providing
the testis, since investigators wish to understand if SSCs in some thought-provoking concepts on the latest develop-
rodents (A spermatogonia) or humans (A spermato- ments in the field, which will benefit both clinical and
single dark
gonia)1–6 can be used to develop functional spermatids basic research scientists in the field. I have organized
in vitro,7–9 which would serve as a useful model to study this book so that the opening chapters are devoted to the
meiosis. These studies thus shed light on understanding basic aspects of hormonal and nonhormonal regulation
the molecular mechanism(s) that regulate meiosis, which of spermatogenesis, immunological regulation of sper-
remains largely unknown in the testis besides the morpho- matogenesis and other recently identified novel pathways,
logical events. There is also interest in the field to establish and meiosis and role of receptors. These are then followed
an in vitro testis model to study testis biology.7,8 In addition, by chapters devoted to the biology of human fertility and
researchers in the field are trying to use SSCs to develop infertility, with a chapter on the role of the testis that
other mammalian cells and/or tissues, such as insulin- serves as a reservoir for HIV and Zika virus. Thereafter,
producing pancreatic cells10 for tissue transplants. For we have chapters on the role of the cytoskeleton, polarity,
instance, a recent report has provided information neces- and mTOR signaling, and new developments in the field
sary to develop functional haploid spermatids from human using computational approaches to study spermatogen-
germline stem cells using a three-dimentional-induced esis. We conclude with chapters on the role of environ-
system.11 This information thus will be exceedingly help- mental toxicants that impede spermatogenesis. In short,
ful for clinicians to help men who cannot father their own all efforts were made to have some of the best investiga-
children due to nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). In tors in their fields to update our latest developments in
short, many cell biologists are drawn to the field of sper- corresponding fields. As such, this book will serve as an
matogenesis to make important discoveries and advances. important reference work for investigators who wish to
Second, there is an increasing number of clinician-based encompass different aspects of the rapidly developing
scientists who are attracted to the field of spermatogenesis fields pertinent to the study of spermatogenesis. This is
because they need to provide better care to their patients. the goal of this work.
For instance, many patients with NOA who cannot produce I am grateful and indebted to all the colleagues who
functional spermatids were later found to possess normal worked with me selflessly for the past year. I am particu-
SSCs in their testes. The recent report on the production of larly indebted to Robert Peden and Kyle Meyer at the pub-
functional haploid spermatids from SSCs in men11 will pro- lisher’s office, who has provided the needed support and
vide hope to NOA patients since many of these men would patience during the preparation of this work. I am aslo
like to use their own functional haploid spermatids for in grateful to Amy Rodriguez who has worked selflessly to
vitro fertilization to father their own children using eggs assist us in copy-editing all the chapters and preparing all
from their spouses. Furthermore, this technique has been the proofs for the publication of this book.
shown in farm animals, as reported in a recent study in
which functional haploid spermatids were produced using C. Yan Cheng
an in vitro system from SSCs isolated from goat testes.12 New York City, New York
Third, some toxicologists and clinicians are also
attracted to the field of studying spermatogenesis because
studies have shown that the testis is a highly sensitive REFERENCES
endocrine organ to environmental toxicants,13–15 so that 1. Ehmcke J, Schlatt S. A revised model for spermato-
more studies are warranted in order to provide treatments gonial expansion in man: Lessons from non-human
to affected individuals. primates. Reproduction. 2006;132:673–680.
ix