Spenser's the Faerie Queene Book Edited

325 Pages·2016·6.05 MB·English

by  George Armstrong Wauohope

N
SP E SE R ’ S
N
T H E E R I E Q U E E E
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N N N N
E D ITE D ITH I TROD UCTIO A D OTE S
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GE OR GE A R ST R O G A U CH OP E A P D
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P R O F E SSO R O F E G L I SH I T H E SO U T H CA R L I A C O L L E G E
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W
I TH E A GE H I CH PROD U CED TH E F A E R I E
.
N
Q UE E E
Q
T s t u d O f t h e F i s h o ul d b e re ced e d b a
H E y a er e a een e p y
revi ew f t h e great age i n wh i ch i t w as w r i tten A i nt i at e
m
O n
.
rel ati o n exi st s b et w een t h e h i s t o r Of th e E n gl is h n ati on an d
y
th e w ork s f E ngli s h au t h o rs Th i s cl o s e co n n e ct i o n b etween
O
.
urel ext ern al event s an d l i t erar m as t er ie c es i s e s e cial l
p y y p p y
arked i n a s t u d f t h e E li z a b eth an A T u n ders tan d
m
y O g e O
.
t h e arvel ou s o u t bu rs t Of s ong t h e i n c o arabl e d ram a an d
m m
p
, ,
t h e s t at el ros e Of th i s eri o d u s t en t er d ee l in t o th e
m
y p p on e p y
,
ol i t i cal s o cial an d rel igi ou s li fe f t h e ti es
m
p o
, , .
Th F i Q was t h e r odu c t Of cert ai n defin it e con di
e aer e u een e p
t i on s w h i ch exis ted i E ngl an d to war d t h e cl o s e Of th e s i xt een th
n
c en t ur Th first O f th es e n ati on al c on d i ti on s w as th e ove
m
y e
.
en t kn o n a s t h e i l f ch i l t h e s ec o n d th e
m w w
r ev va o va r y ; a s
i i t f ti li t fo st ere d b th e E gl i sh R efo rm at i on an d
sp r o n a o n a y y n ;
t h e t h ird wa s t h at h as e Of th e E glis h R e ai s s an c e c o onl
m m
p n n y
c all ed t h e i l f l i
r ev va o ea r n n g
.
Th cl o s ing de cad e f Qu een E li z ab e th ’s rei gn was rk ed
m
e O a
b a s t ron g rea cti o n t oward ro an ti ci s Th feudal s s t e
m m m
y e y
.
wi th i t s m an i m er fe cti on s h d b ec om e a m e m or an d h ad
y p a y
,
b e en i deal i z ed b t h e eo l e Th n ati o n felt ri de i n i t s n ew
y p p e p
.
ari st o cra c s ru g l argel fro t h e i ddl e clas s an d b ase d
m m
y p n y
, ,
W
rat h er wort h t h an an c e s tr Th bi t t ern e s s of t h‘é ars. Of
\
on y e
.
th e R o s es w as fo rgo t t en an d w as su c c e ede d b an era Of re con
y
,
c i l i ati o n an d go o d feel i ng E ngl and was un i t e d i n a h e r o i c
.
‘ i i
v
v i i i N N
I TR OD UC TI O
quee n w h o al l s ects rank s an d arti es id o li z ed Th wh ol e
m
p e
, , .
c oun t r xul ti ng i n i ts s en s e o f fre ed o m an d o wer b e cam e a
w
y e n e p
fai r l an d f o u h s r ingti e an d ro anti c achi eve en t
t m m m
y o y p
, , .
W
i s e an d gall an t co urti ers li ke Si dn e L ei ces ter an d R al ei gh
y
, , , ,
gat h er e d ab o ut th e qu een and fo r e d a n ew ch ivalr d evo t ed
m
y
,
t o d e ed s f ad ven tur e an d ex l o i ts o f mi n d i n h er h o no r Th
O p e
.
.
s i ri t f t h e Old s ea ki ngs li ved agai i n D rak e and h i s b ol d
p o - n
bu c can eers w h o s we t t h e rou d S ani ard s fro th e s eas
m
p p p
, .
W
i t h th e defeat f t h e Invi n cib l e A r ada t h e gr eates t n aval
m
O
,
ex edi tio n o f o der ti mes t h e fear O f S anis h an d Cath oli c
m
p n p
,
d o in at i o n roll ed a wa Th wh ol e l an d w as s aturated wi t h
m
y e
.
an un ex r ess ed o etr d th e i agi n ati o n O f o un g and ol d
m
p p y a n y
,
was s o fi red wi th at ri o ti s an d n obl e en deavo r t h at n o th in g
m
p
s e em e d i m o ss i bl e A dd t o t h i s i nt en s e d el i gh t i n l i fe wi th
p
. ,
all i t s s t er beau t an d o we r th e k e en z es t f l earn ing
m
y y y p or
, , ,
wh i c h fill ed t h e air t h at b reat h ed an d i t i s eas t o u n d er
m
en y
,
s t an d t h at t h e ti e wa s r i e fo r a n e w an d brilli an t e o ch i
m
p p n
li ter at ur e F i rs t a ong t h e o eti c ge n ius es of t h e E li z ab eth an
m
p
.
eri o d c am e E d u n d S ens e r wi t h h i s F i Q th e all e
m
p p a er e u een e
,
gor o f an i deal c h ivalr
y y
.
Th i s o e i o n e f t h e fruit s f th at i n t ell e c t ual a wakenin g
m
p s O O
,
wh i ch fi rs t fer t ili ze d It ali an t h o gh t t h e t wel ft h c en tu r an d
u In y
, ,
sl o l s readin g o ve r E uro e ade i ts i n t o E nglan d i n
w m w
y p p a y
,
N
t h e fift ee nth ce nt ur Th migh t i u ls e O f th i s L earn
m w
y e y p e
.
i ng cul mi nat ed d ri ng t h e reig f t h e Vi rgi n Que en i n a
u n o p r o
foun d qu i ck en i ng of t h e n at i o n al co n s c i o us n es s an d i n arou s i ng
,
an i ten s e c uri os it t o k n o an d t o i i tat e t h e ri c h t rea sures
w m
n y
o f th e cl as s i cs an d r o an c e I first h as e w as th e cl i c l
m t
a ss a
s p
.
i l Th t ran nou s au t h o ri t f ec cl es i as ti ci s h ad l on g
m
r ev va e y y o
.
s i n ce b een b roke n a gen eral rea c t i o n fro m Ch ri s ti an as c et i ci s m
;
h ad s et i an d b t h e id e f t h e c er e o n i es f t h e ch urch
m
n ; y S O O
h ad b e en i n tro du ce d a s e i agan rel i gio n o f rt t h e wo rs h i
m -
p a p
o f m oral an d s e s u o u s b eau t Illi t erac w as n o l o ger t h e
n y y n
.
s t l e at c o u rt E liz ab eth h e rs elf s et th e ex a l e i n th e s tud
m
y p y
.
i
TH E A GE x
of G re ek B o ok s an d a nus cri t s w e e e gerl s ough t aft er
m
p r a y
. .
Sch ol ars b e c a e c o n vers an t wi t h H o er P lat o A ri s t o t l e an d
m m
, , ,
th e grea t tra gi c o ets So h o cl e s E uri i d es an d l E h l
p p p sc y u s
, ,
an d t rans lat i on s fo r th e an f V ergi l O i d P lau t u s Teren c e
m
y o v
, , , ,
—
an d Sen e ca o u re d fo rt h fro t h e rin t in g res s e s f L o nd o n
m
p p p o
.
Th E nglis h i n d w as s t ron gl t e e re d b t h e i d eal i s ti c
m m
e y p y
h i l o s o h f Pl at o an d A ri s t o tl e an d th e i nflu e n ce f L ati n
p p y O o
,
t raged an d c o ed w as s tr ongl fel t b t h e earl E ngl is h
m
y y y y y
,
dra a
m
.
A l o ng wi t h t h i s cl as s i cal cu ltur e cam e a h i gh er re ci ati o n
a p p
f t h e b f di li Th r o an t i c t end en c f t h e
t m m
o ea u y o e ceva srn e y o
.
age fo s t ered th e s tud f th e gr eat e i c s f ch i valr A i t ’
y o p O y r os o s
,
O l d F i an d T as s o ’s J l D l i d an d f t h e
m
r a n o u r o so er u sa e e ver e o
,
c cle s f F ren c h ro an c e F r o t h e I t li an o et s e s e ciall
m m
y o a p p y
.
S en s er bo rro wed freel A i t ’ fres h n aturaln es s an d
p y r os o s
.
gi c m a ch i n er in flu e n ce d h i os t s tro gl bu t h e was
m a m m
y n y
,
i nd eb t ed t o t h e s e i cl as s i cal Tass o f h ol e s c en es O n t h e
m w
- o r
.
wh ol e th erefo r e S en s e r’s l it erar affi n i t i es w ere o re w i h t h e
m t
p y
, ,
G ot h i c t h an th e cl as s i cal
.
S en s er wa s al s o th e s ok es an f h i s t i e r eli gi o u s qu e s
m m
p p o on
t i o n s Th “vi ol en t c on tro vers i es Of th e R efor ati o n eri o d w er e
m
e p
.
o ve r! H a vi g t urn e d fro th e b el i efs O f age s wi th ass i on at e
m
n p
l
j t i t h E n gl i s h eo l e h ad a ch i eved reli gi o s freedo an d
m
r e ec on e p p u
, ,
w ere s tron gl ro o t ed in P r o t es t an ti s h i c h t o o k a di s t i n ctl
m w
y on y
,
n ati on al a s e ct Th at Cal vi n i s w as at th at t i e th e o ular
m ’ m
p p p
.
,
an d ari st o crat i c fo r f P ro te s tan ti s i s evi dent fro re fe re n ce s
m m m
o
‘
n
i n th e F i Q t
a er e u e e é
S en s e r l i ve d i t h afte rgl o w f t h gre at age o f ch i val r
p n e o e y
w
.
Th a s si n g gl o ri e s f kn igh t h o o d i n i flo w er i res s e d h i s
t m
e p o s p
i aginat i o n li k e a go rgeo u s d rea an d h e w as th u s i s i red t o
m m
n p
,
cat ch an d cr s t alli z e in t o erm an en t art i ts r o n t i c s i ri t an d
m
y p a p
h er oi c d eeds In t o th e fra e w o rk f h i s r o an c e O f ch ivalr
m m
O y
.
h e i n s er t e d i l d i ct ure f t h e s tru ggl es an d s ufferi gs O f
a ve e p o n
h is e o l e i n Irelan d Th F i Q migh t alm o s t b
w
o n p p e a er e u een e e
.
X N N
I TR OD UC TI O
calle d t h e e i c of th e E n gli s h c o n ques t f Irelan d Th o et
p O e p
.
h i s elf an d an o f h i fri end s were i n t h a u nh a i sl an d as
m m t
y s p p y
re res en tat ive s f t h e qu e en ’s go ver n en t t r i ng a c if t h e
m t
p o y o p y
,
nat i ves and es tab li s h l an d o rd er o u t o f di s c o n ten t an d
w
a
,
an r ch S ens er ’s o e was wri tt en fo r t h e o s t art a i ds t
m m m
a y p p p
.
all t h es e s c en es f i s er an d dis o r de r and th e cour age j u s t i ce
m
O y
, , ,
an d e erg s h o wn b h i co un t r en were a tl or tra ed
m
n y y s y p y p y
u n der th e all ego r f a igh t s iritual warfare f th e kni gh ts
m
y O y p O
f l d agai n s t t h e o wer f e vi l
O O p O
.
S en s er ’s es s a o n A Vi f h P S f I l d
w t t t t
p y e o e r esen a e o r e a n
s h o s t h at far fro s h utt i ng h i s elf i a fool ’s aradi s e of
w m m
u p n p
,
fan c h e was ful l a ak e t t h e so ci al an d oli t i c al con dit i on
w
y y o p
,
f
f t h at t rbulen t i slan d a n d t h at i t urni sh e d h i wi th
m
O u c on
,
crete exa l es f th o s e vi ce s an d virtu es b ol d en c o u nters an d
m
p O
,
h ai r breadth es c a es s t range wa derings an d deeds f vi o len ce
-
p n O
, ,
Q
wi th wh i ch h e h as cro wde d t h e all egor f t h e F i
y O a er e u een e
.
N
I I TH E A U TH O R O F TH E F A E RI E Q UE E E
.
E d u n d S en s er was b orn i n L o n don n ear t h e To we r i n
m
p
th e ear 1 552 H i aren t s w ere o o r t h o ugh th e w ere
y s p p y
. ,
r ob abl c onn e ct e d wi t h t h e L an c ash ire b ran c h f th e Ol d f
m
p y o a
“
i l O f L e D es ens ers an h o us e Of an ci en t fa e fro wh i ch
m m
y p
, ,
N
t h e o r h a t o n S en cers were al s o de s cend ed Th o e t ’s
t m
p p e p
.
fam iliarit wi t h th e r ral l i fe a d di al e ct f th e n or t h coun tr
y u n o y
su ort s t h e t h e or t h at as a b h e s en t s o e ti e in L an ca
m m
p p y oy p
s h ire B e o d t w o th ree f cts n o th i n g i kn o n wi th ce r
w
y n o r a s
.
,
t ai n t O f h i earl ears H e h i s elf t ells u s th at h i s m oth er’s
m
y s y y
“
.
a e was E li z a b e t h an d t h at L o n don w as h i o s t ki n dl
m m
n s y
,
” o
n urs e H i na e i s en ti on ed as f s i x o r u il s Of t h e
m m
s on e O p p p
.
M erch an t Ta lo rs ’ Sch o ol wh o r e cei ved as s i s t an c e fro m a gen
y
,
c oun t r s quire
er ou s y
.
A th e age of s event een Ma s ter E d und b e ca e a s tu den t
t m m
,
i P e b rok e H all f t h e col lege s Of th e great Un i versi t f
m
n on e o y o
,
x i
TH E A UTH OR
Ca b ridge H i s o s i t i on w a s th at f a s iz ar ai d s ch ol ar
m
p o or p
. , ,
wh o w a s exe t fro t h e a en t f tui ti o n fe es an d
m m m
p p y o
earn ed h i s b s erving i n t h e d i ni g h al l erformi g
w
a y y n o r p n
o t h er en i al du ti es H i s o ver t h o w ever d i d reven t
m t
p y n o p
. , ,
h i fr o fo r ing m an h el fu l fri en ds h i s w i t h h i fell o w
m m m
y p p s
s tud en t s A o ng h i o s t va lu e d fri en d s h e nu b ered
m m m
s
.
W
L aun cel o t A n d rews aft er war d B i s h o f in ch est er E dw ard
p o
, ,
K irk e a oun g f S en s er ’s age w h o s o on aft er edi t ed
m w
y a n o p o n
, ,
h i s fri en d ’s firs t i m o rtant o em t h e Sh h d C l d wi t h
p p ep ea r s a en er
, ,
el ab o rat e n ot e s an d o s t i o rt a t f al l t h e fa ou s cl as si c al
m m m
p n O
, ,
s ch ol r a fell ow f P e mb rok e Gab ri el H arve wh o w a s a fe w
a
o y
, , ,
ears Ol de r t h an S en s er d w as l ate r i m ort ali z e d t h e
m
y p a n a s
,
H obbin ol l f t h e F i Q It w a s b H a rve th at th e
o a er e u een e y y
.
'
o e t w as i n tro du ce d t o Si P h ili Sid n e h a ccom li sh ed
" t m t
p r p y e os p
,
n
ge tl e an i E n gl an d a n d a favori t e O f Qu een E l i z ab eth
m
n
, .
S en s er’s res id en c e i n Ca b ri dg e ext e d d o ver s ev en ears
m
p n e y
,
du ri n g w h i ch h e r e cei ved t h s al degrees f b ach el o r d
e u u o a n
as t er Of arts H e b ec a e f th e o s t l earn ed f E n gl is h
m m m
on e o O
.
o et s an d w e in fer th at h i l e at t h i s s eat f l ear i n g h e
m w
p a y o n
,
l ai d t h e fo un dati o n s f h i wi d e s ch ol ars h i i n t h e d i li gen t
or s p
s tu d of th e Gre ek an d L ati n cl as si cs t h e hi l o s o h f Pl at o
y p p y o
,
an d A i s t o tl e t h e ast o ral o et r Of Th e o cri tu s d V e rgil an d th e
r p p y a n
, ,
great edi eval e i cs O f It al i an li t erature O n a c c ou n t f s o e i
m m m
a p O s
.
u n d ers t an di n g wi t h th e as t e r an d tu t o rs f h i c oll ege S en s e r
m
o s p
,
fail e d t o r eceive t h e a oi nt en t t o a fell o ws h i an d l eft th e
m
p p p
,
Un i vers i t i n 1 57 6 at t h e age Of t wen t fo ur H i s fai lu re t o
y y-
, .
at t ai n t h e h igh es t s ch ol as ti c r ec ogn i t i o n was d u e i t i s s o s ed
u p p
, ,
t o h i s b ein g i nvo lve d i n s o e f t h e danger ou s c on tr o versi es
m
o
“
w h i ch were ri e i Ca bridge at t h at t i e wi t h d ail s awn
m m
p n y p
i ng Of n e w Opini on s an d h e resi e s i n d ivin i t i n h i lo s o h i n
y p p y
, ,
”
h u an i t an d i n an n ers
m m
y
, .
O n l eavin g t h e U n ive rsi t S en s er re s ided f ab o u t a ear
y p or y
,
wi t h r el at i ve s i n L an cas h i re wh ere h e fo un d e l o en t
m m
p y
, .
D uri ng t h i s t i e h e h ad un re qu i t e d l ov e affai r wi t h a n
m
a n