Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century PDF
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Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century Spectrum management for Science in tHe 21st centurY Committee on Scientifc Use of the Radio Spectrum Committee on Radio Frequencies Board on Physics and Astronomy Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0410006, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Award No. NNH05CC15C, and by the Depart- ment of Commerce under Award No. DG133R04CQ0009, TO #26. Any opinions, fndings, conclu- sions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-14686-9 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-14686-0 Copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area), Internet: http://www.nap.edu; and from the Board on Physics and Astronomy, National Research Council, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20001, Internet: http://www. national-academies.org/bpa. Copyright 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonproft, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientifc and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal govern- ment on scientifc and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientifc and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century COMMITTEE ON SCIENTIFIC USE OF THE RADIO SPECTRUM MARSHALL H. COHEN, California Institute of Technology, Co-Chair ALBIN J. GASIEWSKI, University of Colorado at Boulder, Co-Chair DONALD C. BACKER, University of California, Berkeley ROBERTA BALSTAD, Columbia University STEVEN W. ELLINGSON, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University DARREL EMERSON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory AARON S. EVANS, University of Virginia and National Radio Astronomy Observatory JOEL T. JOHNSON, Ohio State University PAUL KOLODZY, Kolodzy Consulting, LLC DAVID B. KUNKEE, The Aerospace Corporation MOLLY K. MACAULEY, Resources for the Future, Inc. JAMES M. MORAN, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics LEE G. MUNDY, University of Maryland at College Park TIMOTHY J. PEARSON, California Institute of Technology CHRISTOPHER S. RUF, University of Michigan FREDERICK S. SOLHEIM, Radiometrics Corporation DAVID H. STAELIN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ALAN B. TANNER, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Staff DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director, Board on Physics and Astronomy BRIAN D. DEWHURST, Program Offcer (through July 2009) DAVID LANG, Program Offcer MERCEDES ILAGAN, Administrative Assistant (through February 2008) CARYN KNUTSEN, Program Associate (from March 2008) VAN AN, Financial Associate (through May 2008) BETH DOLAN, Financial Associate (from June 2008) Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century COMMITTEE ON RADIO FREQUENCIES PAUL A. VANDEN BOUT, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Chair JEFFREY PIEPMEIER, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Vice-Chair ANA P. BARROS, Duke University DOUGLAS C.-J. BOCK, University of California, Berkeley/Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy STEVEN W. ELLINGSON, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University DAVID G. LONG, Brigham Young University DARREN McKAGUE, University of Michigan JAMES M. MORAN, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics MELINDA PIKET-MAY, University of Colorado at Boulder STEVEN C. REISING, Colorado State University ALAN E.E. ROGERS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Haystack Observatory LUCY ZIURYS, University of Arizona Staff DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director, Board on Physics and Astronomy DAVID B. LANG, Program Offcer CARYN J. KNUTSEN, Research Associate i Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century BOARD ON PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY MARC A. KASTNER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair ADAM S. BURROWS, Princeton University, Vice-Chair PHILIP H. BUCKSBAUM, Stanford University PATRICK L. COLESTOCK, Los Alamos National Laboratory JAMES DRAKE, University of Maryland JAMES EISENSTEIN, California Institute of Technology ANDREA M. GHEZ, University of California, Los Angeles PETER F. GREEN, University of Michigan LAURA H. GREENE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign MARTHA P. HAYNES, Cornell University JOSEPH HEZIR, EOP Group, Inc. MARK B. KETCHEN, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center JOSEPH LYKKEN, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory PIERRE MEYSTRE, University of Arizona HOMER A. NEAL, University of Michigan MONICA OLVERA DE LA CRUZ, Northwestern University JOSE N. ONUCHIC, University of California, San Diego LISA J. RANDALL, Harvard University CHARLES V. SHANK, Janelia Farm, HHMI MICHAEL S. TURNER, University of Chicago MICHAEL C.F. WIESCHER, University of Notre Dame Staff DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director MICHAEL MOLONEY, Associate Director ROBERT L. RIEMER, Senior Program Offcer JAMES LANCASTER, Program Offcer DAVID B. LANG, Program Offcer TERI THOROWGOOD, Administrative Coordinator CARYN J. KNUTSEN, Research Associate BETH DOLAN, Financial Associate ii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century Preface In the early years of the 21st century, policy offcials recognized both the need for additional blocks of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum for new tech- nologies and the desires of existing users to obtain additional bandwidth. A number of activities were thus begun, with the goals of identifying unused frequencies and suggesting methods by which the regulatory structure could encourage their more effcient use. In June 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) formed the Spectrum Policy Task Force for the following purposes: 1. To provide specifc recommendations to the FCC for ways in which to evolve the current “command-and-control” approach to spectrum policy into a more integrated, market-oriented approach that provides greater regulatory certainty while minimizing regulatory intervention; and 2. To assist the FCC in addressing ubiquitous spectrum issues, including interference protection, spectral effciency, effective public-safety commu- nications, and implications of international spectrum policies. The Spectrum Policy Task Force concluded that “while the commission has recently made some major strides in how spectrum is allocated and assigned in some bands, principally through fexible rules and competitive bidding, spectrum policy is not keeping pace with the relentless spectrum demands of the market. The task force has begun the process of reexamining 90 years of spectrum policy to ix Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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