Spectral Line Shapes in Plasmas

229 Pages·2015·12.746 MB·English

by  Evgeny Stambulchik, Annette Calisti, Hyun-Kyung Chung, Manuel Á. González

Spectral Line Shapes in
Plasmas
Edited by
Evgeny Stambulchik, Annette Calisti,
Hyun-Kyung Chung and Manuel Á. González
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Atoms
www.mdpi.com/journal/atoms
Evgeny Stambulchik, Annette Calisti, Hyun-Kyung Chung and
Manuel Á. González (Eds.)

Spectral Line Shapes in Plasmas
This book is a reprint of the special issue that appeared in the online open access journal Atoms
(ISSN 2218-2004) in 2014 (available at:
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/atoms/special_issues/SpectralLineShapes).

Guest Editors
Evgeny Stambulchik Hyun-Kyung Chung
Department of Particle Physics International Atomic Energy Agency, Atomic and
and Astrophysics, Molecular Data Unit, Nuclear Data Section, P.O.
Faculty of Physics, Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 7610001, Israel

Annette Calisti Manuel Á. González
Laboratoire PIIM, UMR7345, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Técnica
Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS, Superior de Ingeniería Informática,
Centre Saint Jérôme case 232, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15,
13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France 47011 Valladolid, Spain

Editorial Office Publisher Production Editor
MDPI AG Shu-Kun Lin Martyn Rittman
Klybeckstrasse 64
4057 Basel, Switzerland

1. Edition 2015

MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan

ISBN 978-3-906980-82-9

© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland. All articles in this volume are Open
Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which allows users to download, copy and build
upon published articles, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are
properly credited. The dissemination and distribution of copies of this book as a whole, however, is
restricted to MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland.
III

Table of Contents

Evgeny Stambulchik, Annette Calisti, Hyun-Kyung Chung and
Manuel Á. González (Eds.)
Preface .................................................................................................................................. V

Hydrogen-Like Transitions

Sandrine Ferri, Annette Calisti, Caroline Mossé, Joël Rosato, Bernard Talin,
Spiros Alexiou, Marco A. Gigosos, Manuel A. González, Diego González-Herrero,
Natividad Lara, Thomas Gomez, Carlos Iglesias, Sonja Lorenzen, Roberto C.
Mancini and Evgeny Stambulchik
Ion Dynamics Effect on Stark-Broadened Line Shapes: A Cross-Comparison of Various
Models
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(3), 299-318 ............................................................................ 1
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/3/299

Annette Calisti, Alexander V. Demura, Marco A. Gigosos, Diego González-Herrero,
Carlos A. Iglesias, Valery S. Lisitsa and Evgeny Stambulchik
Influence of Microfield Directionality on Line Shapes
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(2), 259-276 .......................................................................... 22
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/2/259

Alexander V. Demura and Evgeny Stambulchik
Spectral-Kinetic Coupling and Effect of Microfield Rotation on Stark Broadening
in Plasmas
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(3), 334-356 .......................................................................... 40
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/3/334

Joel Rosato, Hubert Capes and Roland Stamm
Ideal Coulomb Plasma Approximation in Line Shape Models: Problematic Issues
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(2), 253-258 .......................................................................... 64
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/2/253

Isolated Lines

Spiros Alexiou, Milan S. Dimitrijevi(cid:252), Sylvie Sahal-Brechot, Evgeny Stambulchik,
Bin Duan, Diego González-Herrero and Marco A. Gigosos
The Second Workshop on Lineshape Code Comparison: Isolated Lines
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(2), 157-177 .......................................................................... 70
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/2/157
IV

Sylvie Sahal-Bréchot, Milan S. Dimitrijevi(cid:252) and Nabil Ben Nessib
Widths and Shifts of Isolated Lines of Neutral and Ionized Atoms Perturbed by Collisions
With Electrons and Ions: An Outline of the Semiclassical Perturbation (SCP) Method and
of the Approximations Used for the Calculations
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(2), 225-252 .......................................................................... 91
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/2/225

Bin Duan, Muhammad Abbas Bari, Zeqing Wu and Jun Yan
Electron-Impact Widths and Shifts of B III 2p-2s Lines
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(2), 207-214 ........................................................................ 120
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/2/207

Mohammed Koubiti, Motoshi Goto, Sandrine Ferri, Stephanie B. Hansen and
Evgeny Stambulchik
Line-Shape Code Comparison through Modeling and Fitting of Experimental Spectra of the
C ii 723-nm Line Emitted by the Ablation Cloud of a Carbon Pellet
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(3), 319-333 ........................................................................ 129
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/3/319

Applications

Milan S. Dimitrijevi(cid:252) and Sylvie Sahal-Bréchot
On the Application of Stark Broadening Data Determined with a Semiclassical Perturbation
Approach
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(3), 357-377 ........................................................................ 145
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/3/357

Banaz Omar, Manuel Á. González, Marco A. Gigosos, Tlekkabul S. Ramazanov,
Madina C. Jelbuldina, Karlygash N. Dzhumagulova, Mark C. Zammit,
Dmitry V. Fursa and Igor Bray
Spectral Line Shapes of He I Line 3889 Å
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(2), 277-298 ........................................................................ 166
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/2/277

Valery S. Lisitsa, Mikhail B. Kadomtsev, Vladislav Kotov, Vladislav S. Neverov and
Vladimir A. Shurygin
Hydrogen Spectral Line Shape Formation in the SOL of Fusion Reactor Plasmas
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(2), 195-206 ........................................................................ 189
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/2/195

Elisabeth Dalimier, Eugene Oks and Oldrich Renner
Review of Langmuir-Wave-Caused Dips and Charge-Exchange-Caused Dips in Spectral
Lines from Plasmas and their Applications
Reprinted from: Atoms 2014, 2(2), 178-194 ........................................................................ 202
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/2/2/178
V

Preface

1. Foreword
Line-shape analysis is one of the most important tools for diagnostics of both laboratory
and space plasmas. Its reliable implementation requires sufficiently accurate calculations,
which imply the use of analytic methods and computer codes of varying complexity, and,
necessarily, varying limits of applicability and accuracy. However, studies comparing
different computational and analytic methods are almost non-existent. The Spectral Line
Shapes in Plasma (SLSP) code comparison workshop series [1] was established to fill this
gap.
Numerous computational cases considered in the two workshops organized to date (in
April 2012 and August 2013 in Vienna, Austria) not only serve the purpose of code
comparison, but also have applications in research of magnetic fusion, astrophysical, laser-
produced plasmas, and so on. Therefore, although the first workshop was briefly reviewed
elsewhere [2], and will likely be followed by a review of the second one, it was unanimously
decided by the participants that a volume devoted to results of the workshops was desired. It
is the main purpose of this special issue.
2. Hydrogen-Like Transitions
Many calculation cases suggested for the first two SLSP workshops are for simple atomic
systems: the hydrogen atom or hydrogen-like one-electron ions. Of these, the Ly-_ transition
is truly the simplest; the atomic model was further reduced by neglecting the fine structure
and interactions between states with different principal quantum numbers. Interestingly, this
simplest system caused the largest discrepancies between results of various models presented
at the first workshop [2] due to, apparently, different treatments of the ion dynamics effect.
Now, Ferri et al. [3] discuss this, extending the analysis to more complex transitions with
forbidden components. The ion dynamics effect is intimately related to the microfield
directionality, as studied in depth by Calisti et al. [4]. Notably, the effects of the directionality
of the microfield fluctuations were first researched within the framework of the “standard
theory” of the plasma line broadening almost four decades ago, but have largely been
forgotten. This approach is recalled and comparisons with computer simulations are made in
the paper by Demura and Stambulchik [5].
Results of computer simulations will indeed be found in a majority of studies in this
volume. By many scholars, such calculations are considered ab initio and their results
regarded as benchmarks—at least for hydrogen-like transitions. However, Rosato et al. [6]
argue that caution should be exercised in the case of very weakly coupled plasmas; in the
extreme limit of the ideal plasma model, even the largest supercomputers available today
might not be able to achieve convergence.
VI

3. Isolated Lines
Isolated lines are often contradistinguished from radiative transitions in hydrogen-like
species with degenerate energy levels. Alexiou et al. [7] briefly summarize the theoretical
aspects of isolated-line broadening and then delve into a detailed comparison of Stark widths
and shifts of Li-like 2s–2p transitions as calculated by various approaches. One of these
approaches is the semiclassical perturbation (SCP) method, the work horse behind the STARK-
B database. A complete up-to-date description of SCP is presented by Sahal-Bréchot et al. [8].
Another approach, also included in the comparison [7], is based on the relativistic Dirac R-
matrix method, and is described by Duan et al. [9] with a focus on the B III 2s–2p doublet.
Koubiti et al. [10] present a comparison of various line-shape computational methods
applied to the case of a plasma-broadened isolated line subjected to magnetic field.
Furthermore, this study covers one of the two challenges introduced at the second SLSP
workshop, where participants were asked to explain previously unpublished experimental data
based on best-fit spectra of their models.
4. Applications
One can hardly overestimate the significance of line-shape calculations for diagnostics of
laboratory, space, and industrial plasmas. Dimitrijevi(cid:252) and Sahal-Bréchot [11] show and
discuss numerous examples of such studies, where the SCP approach [8] was used. In the
article of Omar et al. [12], the authors use a few theoretical methods and computer
simulations to calculate the shapes of a He I line and compare them to experimental line
profiles, allowing inference of the plasma parameters. Lisitsa et al. [13] introduce a new
method able to describe penetration of a neutral atomic beam into low-density
inhomogeneous fusion plasmas, and provide sample calculations suitable for ITER
diagnostics. Spectral line features caused by Langmuir waves and charge-exchange processes
are discussed by Dalimier et al. [14], who also suggest several spectral lines for prospective
studies of laser-produced plasmas.
5. Conclusions
For the first two SLSP workshops, participants submitted in total over 1,500 line-shape
calculations. The studies collected in this Special Issue explore only a part of this immense
work. Research is ongoing, and we expect more publications soon.
The next workshop is scheduled for March 2015 in Marseille, France [1].

Evgeny Stambulchik, Annette Calisti,
Hyun-Kyung Chung and Manuel Á. González
Guest Editors

Reprinted from Atoms. Cite as: Stambulchik, E.; Calisti, A.; Chung, H.-K.; González, M.A.
Special Issue on Spectral Line Shapes in Plasmas. Atoms 2014, 2, 378-381.
VII

Acknowledgements
The organizational and financial support from the International Atomic Energy Agency for
conducting the SLSP workshops is highly appreciated.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
1. Spectral Line Shapes in Plasmas workshops. Available online: http://plasmagate.weizmann.
ac.il/slsp/ (accessed on 16 July 2014).
2. Stambulchik, E. Review of the 1st Spectral Line Shapes in Plasmas code comparison
workshop. High Energy Density Phys. 2013, 9, 528–534.
3. Ferri, S.; Calisti, A.; Mossé, C.; Rosato, J.; Talin, B.; Alexiou, S.; Gigosos, M.A.;
González, M.Á.; González-Herrero, D.; Lara, N.; Gomez, T.; Iglesias, C.A.; Lorenzen, S.;
Mancini, R.C.; Stambulchik, E. Ion dynamics effect on Stark broadened line shapes: A cross
comparison of various models. Atoms 2014, 2, 299–318.
4. Calisti, A.; Demura, A.; Gigosos, M.A.; González-Herrero, D.; Iglesias, C.A.; Lisitsa, V.S.;
Stambulchik, E. Influence of microfield directionality on line shapes. Atoms 2014, 2,
259–276.
5. Demura, A.; Stambulchik, E. Spectral-kinetic coupling and effect of microfield rotation on
Stark broadening in plasmas. Atoms 2014, 2, 334–356.
6. Rosato, J.; Capes, H.; Stamm, R. Ideal Coulomb plasma approximation in line shape
models: Problematic issues. Atoms 2014, 2, 253–258.
7. Alexiou, S.; Dimitrijevi(cid:252), M.S.; Sahal-Brechot, S.; Stambulchik, E.; Duan, B.; González
Herrero, D.; Gigosos, M.A. The Second Workshop on Lineshape Code Comparison: Isolated
lines. Atoms 2014, 2, 157–177.
8. Sahal-Bréchot, S.; Dimitrijevi(cid:252), M.S.; Ben Nessib, N. Widths and shifts of isolated lines of
neutral and ionized atoms perturbed by collisions with electrons and ions: An outline of the
semiclassical perturbation (SCP) method and of the approximations used for the calculations.
Atoms 2014, 2, 225–252.
9. Duan, B.; Bari, M.A.; Wu, Z.; Yan, J. Electron-impact widths and shifts of B III 2p–2s
lines. Atoms 2014, 2, 207–214.
10. Koubiti, M.; Goto, M.; Ferri, S.; Hansen, S.; Stambulchik, E. Line-shape code comparison
through modeling and fitting of experimental spectra of the C II 723-nm line emitted by the
ablation cloud of a carbon pellet. Atoms 2014, 2, 319–333.
11. Dimitrijevi(cid:252), M.S.; Sahal-Bréchot, S. On the application of Stark broadening data
determined with Semiclassical Perturbation approach. Atoms 2014, 2, 357–377.
12. Omar, B.; González, M.Á.; Gigosos, M.A.; Ramazanov, T.S.; Jelbuldina, M.C.;
Dzhumagulova, K.N.; Zammit, M.C.; Fursa, D.V.; Bray, I. Spectral line shapes of He I line
3889 Å. Atoms 2014, 2, 277–298.
VIII

13. Lisitsa, V.S.; Kadomtsev, M.B.; Kotov, V.; Neverov, V.S.; Shurygin, V.A. Hydrogen
spectral line shape formation in the SOL of fusion reactor plasmas. Atoms 2014, 2, 195–206.
14. Dalimier, E.; Oks, E.; Renner, O. Review of Langmuir-wave-caused dips and charge
exchange-caused dips in spectral lines from plasmas and their applications. Atoms 2014, 2,
178–194.
1
Reprinted from Atoms. Cite as: Ferri, S.; Calisti, A.; Moss, C.; Rosato, J.; Talin, B.; Alexiou, S.;
Gigosos, M.A.; González, M.A.; González-Herrero, D.; Lara, N.; et al. Ion Dynamics Effect on
Stark-BroadenedLineShapes: ACross-ComparisonofVariousModels. Atoms2014,2,299-318.
Article
Ion Dynamics Effect on Stark-Broadened Line Shapes:
A Cross-Comparison of Various Models
SandrineFerri1,*,AnnetteCalisti1,CarolineMossé1,JoëlRosato1,BernardTalin1,
SpirosAlexiou2,MarcoA.Gigosos3,ManuelA.González3,DiegoGonzález-Herrero3,
NatividadLara3,ThomasGomez4,CarlosIglesias5,SonjaLorenzen6,RobertoC.Mancini7
andEvgenyStambulchik8
1Aix-MarseilleUniversité,CNRS,PIIMUMR7345,13397Marseille,France;
E-Mails: [email protected](A.C.);[email protected](C.M.);
[email protected](J.R.);[email protected](B.T.)
2TETY,UniversityofCrete,71409Heraklion,TK2208,Greece;E-Mail: [email protected](S.A.)
3DepartmentdeÓpticayFísicaApplicada,UniversidaddeValladolid,Valladolid47071,Spain;
E-Mails: [email protected](M.A.G.);[email protected](M.A.G.);
[email protected](D.G.-H.);[email protected](N.L.)
4DepartmentofAstronomy,UniversityofTexas,Austin,TX78731,USA;
E-Mail: [email protected](T.G.)
5LLNL,Livermore,CA94550,USA;E-Mail: [email protected](C.I.)
6InstitutfürPhysik,UniversitätRostock,D-18051Rostock,Germany;
E-Mail: [email protected](S.L.)
7PhysicsDept.,UniversityofNevada,Reno,NV89557,USA;E-Mail: [email protected](R.C.M.)
8FacultyofPhysics,WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot7610001,Israel;
E-Mail: [email protected](E.S.)
*Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-Mail: [email protected];
Tel.:[phone].
Received: 30April2014;inrevisedform: 10June2014/Accepted: 16June2014/
Published: 4July2014
Abstract: Modeling the Stark broadening of spectral lines in plasmas is a complex
problem.Theproblemhasalonghistory,sinceitplaysacrucialroleintheinterpretation
of the observed spectral lines in laboratories and astrophysical plasmas. One difficulty
isthecharacterizationoftheemitter’senvironment. Althoughseveralmodelshavebeen