Species of Cryptophagus Herbst, 1792, belonging to the “dentatus group” (Coleopera: Cryptophagidae) from the Western Palearctic region

2013·3 MB·

by  José Carlos Otero

©EntomologicaFennica.24June2013
Species of Cryptophagus Herbst, 1792, belonging
to the “dentatus group” (Coleopera: Cryptophagidae)
from the Western Palearctic region
JoséCarlosOtero&ColinJohnson
Otero,J.C.&Johnson,C.2013:SpeciesofCryptophagusHerbst,1792,belong-
ing to the “dentatus group” (Coleopera: Cryptophagidae) from the Western
Palearcticregion.—Entomol.Fennica24:81–93.
Eight species of the genus Cryptophagus Herbst, 1792, belonging to the
“dentatusgroup”fromthePalearcticRegionarerevised.Theopinionsofdiffer-
entauthorsaboutthevalueofthecharacteristicsoftheexternalanatomyarecon-
trasted,andanidentificationkeyandfiguresofthestudiedspeciesarepresented.
J.C.Otero,DepartmentofZoologyandPhysicalAnthropology,FacultyofBio-
logy, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Correspondent author’s e-mail:
[email protected]
C. Johnson, 17Peaknaze Close, Glossop, Derbyshire, SK136UN, England;
E-mail:[email protected]
Received5June2012,accepted30October2012
1.Introduction withsamplingmadesystematicallyandperiodi-
callyindifferentregionsoftheIberianPeninsula,
Coombs and Woodroffe wrote in 1955: “...the allowustoshownaturalinterspecificvariability
dentatusgroupofsiblingspecieshaslongcaused forthespeciesstudiedinthisarticle,butweinno
confusion in the genus... It is possible that they casedetectedspecimensthatmadeussuspectthe
may be hybrids among the other species...The existenceofpossiblehybridisations.Itistruethat
dentatusgroupisobviouslyacomplexofincipi- thevariabilitymanifestsitselfasfrequentatypical
entspecies...”.Mostoftheauthorsthathavestud- shapesintheexternalanatomy,soitisnecessary
iedthisgenusemphasizethehighdegreeofvari- tostudythemalegenitalorgansinmostcases.
abilityofthespeciesthatformpartofthisgenus. The following species are recognised in the
CoombsandWoodroffe(1955),Johnson(1988), group“dentatus”:C.dentatus(Herbst),C.denti-
andOtero(2011),expressthedifficultytorecog- culatusHeer(=C.pilosusGyllenhal,=pseudo-
nisethemajorityofthespeciesbythecharacteris- dentatusBruce),C.insulicolaRoubal(=acumi-
ticsoftheexternalanatomyandpointoutthene- natus Coombs & Woodroffe), C. puncticollis P.
cessity tostudy themalegenitalorgans.Forin- H.Lucas(=rotundatusCoombs&Woodroffe),
stance,somespeciesofthegenusCryptophagus C. intermedius Bruce, C. inaequalis Reitter, C.
(C. punctipennis Bris. and C. reflexus Rey = C. galileiOteroandC.aurelioiOtero.Threeofthe
pallidusauctt.notSturm)orthoseincludedinthe species,C.dentatus,C.denticulatusandC.inter-
genusTelmatophilusHeeraregoodexamplesof medius,canberecognisedfortheirexternalanat-
this. The study of a large number of specimens omy,eveniftheyshowacertaindegreeofvari-
fromdifferentzoogeographicalregions,together ability.Fortheotherspecies,thosecharacteristics
82 Otero&Johnson (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.24
canbemisleading,anditisnecessarytostudythe 3.1.Keytospecies
male genital organs. Their study shows that
amongallthespeciesofthisgroup,thereisagreat The key was created taking into account the
similarityintheshapeoftheaedeagusandthein- worksofBruce(1936),CoombsandWoodroffe
ternalsacand,ingeneral,noticeabledifferences (1955), Dajoz (1959), Lohse (1967), Johnson
in the morphology of the parameres and the (1988, 1992), Reška (1994), Lyubarsky (2002),
sclerotizedspinesoftheaedeagus(Reška1994, Otero (2011) and Moncoutier (2002). All these
Lyubarsky2002,Otero2011). worksgivevaluableinformationaboutdifferent
aspects of the morphology and anatomy of the
studiedspecies.
2.Materialandmethods
1. Sidesofpronotum(Figs.1a,4a,7a)forming
Terminology and measurements follow Otero anglesfromcallositytolateraltooth,andfrom
(1997,2011).Structuresweremeasuredundera toothtobase 2
Leica M205C stereomicroscope equipped with – Pronotumwithparallelsides(Figs.2a,3a,5a,
ananalysissystemApplicationSuite. 6a,8a) 4
TheabbreviationWLisusedforwidth/length 2. Straightapexofaedeagus(Fig.7h);scleroti-
ratio.Thefollowingacronymsareusedtoreferto zed rods linked in base (Fig. 7j) and endo-
thecollections,inwhichtheexaminedspecimens phallicorificeroundedandnarrowedinapex.
aredeposited: Narrow parameres (Fig. 7i), 2 times longer
than wide in base, sinuated internal margin
CA:coll.F.Angelini,FrancavillaFontana,Italy and straight external one. Basal nodules not
DA:coll.D.Agüin,Madeira covered by base of paramere. Area of pores
HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Museum, withoutsetae,equaltoareawithsetae.2or3
Budapest,Hungary apicalsetae,0.75timeslongerthanparamere.
IZRCL: Museo Civico di Zoologia, coll. Length:2.0–2.1mm
Luigioni,Rome,Italy C.intermediusBruce,1934
MHNG:Muséumd’HistoireNaturelle,Geneva – Rounded and undulate apex of aedeagus.
MNHU:MuseumfürNaturkundederHumboldt- Sclerotized rods not linked in base (Figs.1j,
Universität,Berlin,Germany 4i) 3
NMW:MuseodeWien,Wien,Austria 3. Sclerotized rods (Fig. 1j); triangular para-
MNCN: Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales, meres (Fig. 1i), 2 times longer than wide in
Madrid,Spain base.Areaofporeswithoutsetaelargerthan
MZL: Museum of Zoology, Lund University, areaofporeswithsetae;stronglysinuatedin-
Lund,Sweden ternal margin and convex external margin.
UA: Entomological collection, Universidad de Apical setae shorter than paramere. Length:
Alicante,Spain 2.2–2.5 C.aurelioiOtero&López,2011
USC: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, – Aedeagealapodemewithtwosclerotizedrods
Spain at apex (Fig. 4i). Parameres (Fig. 4h) ex-
tremely thin and with curved external edge.
Twoshortapicalsetaeandinfrequentpores,
3.Taxonomy(Figs1–8) latteroneseitherwithorwithoutbristles.Vis-
ibleendophalicorifice(Fig.4g).Length:1.7–
The species of this group present the following 2.1mm C.galileiOtero,1997
characteristics:Sideofthecallositypoorlyvisi- 4. Pronotum slightly narrower than base of
bleornotvisibledorsally(Figs.1a,2a,3a,4a,5a, elytra(Figs.3b,5b,6b,8b).Lateraltoothin
6a, 7a, 8a); weak dorsal margin, not surpassing middleofside.Longpubescence 5
the lateral margin of pronotum; aedeagus pro- – Pronotum(Fig.2a,b)aswideasbaseofelytra,
videdwithapreputialsacwithastructurefinely squareorslightlytransverse(WL=1.4–1.6).
granularandawell-definedcapintheapex. Convergentsidesinstraightlinefromlateral
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.24 (cid:127) Cryptophagus"dentatusgroup"(Coleopera) 83
tooth to base. Punctation of pronotum (Fig. ingalmostentirelythebaseofparamere,but
2f) much stronger than punctation of elytra internal nodule covering only lateral margin
(Fig.2g).Apexofaedeagusroundedoutside ofparamere.Length:2.0–3.0mm
and straight inside (Fig. 2h); preputial sac C.insulicolaRoubal,1919
well defined and granulated, with “cap” in – Simple sclerotized rods (Fig. 5j), dilated in
apex;simplesclerotizedrodsofsamewidthin base. 2 apical setae shorter than 0.75–0.8 ×
alltheirlength,sharpinapex,andsometimes lengthofaedeagus.Baseofparamere(Fig.5i)
sinuated.Ovalparameres(Fig.2i),elongated with bilateral nodule. Both nodules covered
androundedinapicalzone,whilewithbilat- bybaseofparamere.Length:2.3–2.5mm
eral nodule in base; area of pores without C.inaequalisReitter,1878
setaeequaltoareawithsetae.Numerousapi-
cal setae, 0.75 times longer than paramere.
Length:2.0–2.8mm 3.2.Systematiclist
C.dentatus(Herbst,1793)
5. Convergentsidesofpronotuminstraightline 3.2.1.Cryptophagusaurelioi
from lateral tooth to base. Simple apex of Otero&López,2011
aedeagus (Figs. 5h, 6g, 8h), rounded and
withoutprojections.Preputialsacreadilyvis- CryptophagusaureliiOtero&López,2011.The
ible, with granular aspect and 2 “caps” well Coleop. Bull., 65 (2): 185 (original spelling
marked in apex. Inconspicuous endophallic incorrect)
orifice;simplesclerotizedrodsofsamewidth
in all their length, sometimes sinuated and Material examined. 5 ex, P. N. de Cabañeros,
sharpinoneoftheends(Figs.5j,6i,8j) 6 CiudadReal,Spain(MNCN,UA,USC)
– Rounded sides fromlateral tooth to base, or Importantcharacteristics.Pronotumslightly
slightly convergent (Fig. 3a,b). Apex of transverse(WL=1.5)(Fig.1a,b).Anteriorcallos-
aedeagus (Fig. 3h) rounded externally and ity small (1/5 the length of its side), projecting
straight internally. Endophallic orifice slightlyfromlateraledge,forminganobtusean-
roundedandnarrowedinapicalzone.Simple gle at a 36.5° angle from body axis. Surface
sclerotized rods of same width in all their scarcelyvisibledorsally,glandularporepresent,
length,sharpinapex,andsometimessinuated but not visible from above; lateral tooth in the
anddilatedinbase(Fig.3j).Ovalparameres middleoftheedge;lateralborderconcave,from
(Fig.3i)elongatedandroundedapically.Base callosity to lateral tooth; sides converging from
withlateralnodule.Areaofporeswithsetae lateraltoothtobase;basalgroovepresent;well-
larger than the area without them. 4 apical definedpunctation,puncturesseparatedbyadis-
setae 0.75 times longer than paramere. tanceshoterthantheirdiameter(Ø=13–15µm).
Length:2.0–2.8mm Aedeagus in Fig. 1h, sclerotized rods in Fig. 1j
C.denticulatusHeer,1841 andparameresinFig.1i.
6. Oval parameres (Fig. 8i), rounded in apex. Distribution.Spain(Otero&Lopez2011).
Basewithexternalnodulecoveredbybaseof
paramere.Areaofporeswithoutsetaelarger 3.2.2.Cryptophagusdentatus(Herbst,1793)
thanareawithsetae.2or3apicalsetae,0.75
timesshorterthanparamere.Length:2.3–2.8 KateretesdentatusHerbst,1793.En:Jablonsky,
mm C.puncticollisP.H.Lucas,1846 Nat.syst.BekanntenAusl.Insekten(Käfer),5:
– Triangular parameres (Figs. 5i, 6h). Area of 15
pores with setae larger than area of pores Dermestes dentatus (Herbst): Panzer, 1795.
withoutsetae 7 Dtschl.Insectenfaune:104
7. Simple sclerotized (Fig. 6i) rods of same CorticariafumataMarsham,1802.Entomol.Br.,
width in all their length. 3 or 4 apical setae 1:110
shorterthanlengthofparamere.Singleexter- Cryptophagus quadridentatus Mannerheim,
nalbasalnoduleofparamere(Fig.6h)cover- 1843.Bull.Soc.Imp.Nat.Mosc.,16(2):256
84 Otero&Johnson (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.24
Fig.1.Crypto-
phagusaurelioi
Otero&López.
–a.General
view,male.–b.
Pronotum.–c.
Antenna.–d.
Sizeandshape
ofocularfacets.–
e–g.Comparison
ofpunctationbe-
tweenheadpro-
notumandelytra.
–h.Dorsalview
ofaedeagus.–i.
Paramere.–j.
Sclerotizedrods.
Cryptophagus dentatus (Herbst): Sturm, 1845. (Otero&Angelini2008–2009);23ex,Italy(CA)
Dtschl.FaunaAbbild.,Insecten,16:68 (Otero & Angelini 1981, 1984); 10 ex, Italy,
Cryptophagistes quadridentatus (Mannerheim): Spain(NMW);7ex,Iran,Slovenia(HNHM);4
Crotch,1873.CheckListColeopt.Am.:44 ex, Madeira (DA); 30 ex, Spain (Otero 1990,
CryptophagusfortidensRey, 1889. Échange, 5: 2011);2ex,Turkey(Gillerfors&Otero1993).
43 Important characteristics. Pronotum square
orslightlytransverse(WL=1.4–1.6)(Fig.2a,b),
Material examined. 12 ex, Albania, Italy, Ger- withstraightandparallelsides,orforminganan-
many (IZRCL); 11 ex, Austria (NMW); 17 ex, gleinlateraltooth.Lateraltoothinthemiddleof
Azores, France, Portugal (CA); 10 ex, Croatia, theside.Callosityofmoderatesize(1/5–1/6the
Denmark, Slovenia (HNHM); 23 ex, Germany length of the side) usually with a strong dorsal
(MNHU) (Otero 1986); 14 ex, Greece (CA) edge, moderate or slightly prominent in sides.
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.24 (cid:127) Cryptophagus"dentatusgroup"(Coleopera) 85
Fig.2.Crypto-
phagusdentatus
(Herbst).–a.
Generalview,
male.–b.Prono-
tum.–c.An-
tenna.–d.Size
andshapeofoc-
ularfacets.–e–g.
Comparisonof
punctationbe-
tweenheadpro-
notumandelytra.
–h.Dorsalview
ofaedeagus.–i.
Paramere.–j.
Sclerotizedrods.
Surfaceofcallosityvisiblefromabove.Glandu- Cryptophagus denticulatus Heer, 1841. Fauna
lar pore visible. Callosities forming an angle of Coleopteror.Helv.,1(3):426
35°–45°withaxisofbody.Posterioranglesob- Cryptophagus albipilus Rey, 1889. Échange, 5:
tuse.Basalgrooveandfoveaenormal.Strongand 43
dense punctation (Fig. 2f), punctures separated CryptophaguscorticumRey,1889.Échange,5:
by1/4oftheirdiameter(Ø=20µm).Aedeagusin 43
Fig.2h,sclerotizedrodsinFig.2jandparameres CryptophagusobtusidensRey,1889.Échange,5:
inFig.2i. 43
Distribution. Common through most of Eu- Cryptophagus substriatus Rey, 1889. Échange,
rope,NorthAfrica,AsiatotheFarEast,andthe 5:43
Nearcticregion(Johnsonetal.2007). CryptophagustamaricisRey,1889.Échange,5:
43
3.2.3.CryptophagusdenticulatusHeer,1841 Cryptophagus argenteus Joy, 1909. Trans. Ent.
Soc.Lond.1909–1910:lxv
Cryptophagus pilosus Gyllenhal, 1827. Insecta Cryptophagus pseudodentatus Bruce, 1934.
Suec.Descr.,4:287(nonHerbst,1792) Entomol.Tidskr.,55(2):168
86 Otero&Johnson (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.24
Fig.3.Crypto-
phagusdenti-
culatusHeer.–a.
Generalview,
male.–b.Prono-
tum.–c.An-
tenna.–d.Size
andshapeofoc-
ularfacets.–e–g.
Comparisonof
punctationbe-
tweenheadpro-
notumandelytra.
–h.Dorsalview
ofaedeagus.–i.
Paramere.–j.
Sclerotizedrods.
Material examined. 181 ex, Albania, Bosnia, lositiesforminganangleof35°–45°withaxisof
Croatia, Italy, Moravia (NMW); 4 ex, Austria body.Lateraltoothsituatedbeforethemiddleof
(CA, NMW); 44 ex, Austria, Bosnia, Bulgaria, theside.Sideseventuallyroundedfromcallosity
Germany (Otero 1986); 1 ex, Czech Republic to base, or slightly retracted from lateral tooth.
(MNHU);2ex,Germany(MNHU);4ex,Greece Posterioranglesobtuse.Basalgrooveandfoveae
(Otero & Angelini 2008–2009); 2 ex, Greece normal.Punctationvariable(Fig.3f)butstronger
(CA);56ex,Iran,Hungary,Mongolia(HNHM); and denser than that of elytra: punctures sepa-
19ex,Israel(Otero1997);30ex,Italy(Otero& ratedbyadistancelongerthantheirdiameter(Ø=
Angelini1984);3ex,Madeira(DA);7ex,Portu- 12µm).AedeagusinFig.3h,sclerotizedrodsin
gal (USC); 3 ex, Turkey (Gillerfors & Otero Fig.3jandparameresinFig.3i.
1993). Distribution. Common through most of Eu-
Important characteristics. Pronotum (Fig. rope, Atlantic Islands: Madeira and Asia to the
3a,b)narrowerinitsbasethanthatofelytraand Far East, also Afrotropical, Australasian and
slightlytransverse(WL=1.6).Anteriorcallosity Nearcticregions(Johnsonetal.2007).
small(1/6oflengthofside).Surfaceofcallosity Comments.CryptophaguspilosusGyllenhal,
visiblefromabove.Glandularporevisible.Cal- 1827 is a primary homonym of Kryptophagus
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.24 (cid:127) Cryptophagus"dentatusgroup"(Coleopera) 87
Fig.4.Crypto-
phagusgalilei
Otero.–a.Gen-
eralview,male.
–b.Pronotum.–
c.Antenna.–d.
Sizeandshape
ofocularfacets.–
e–g.Comparison
ofpunctationbe-
tweenpronotum
andelytra.–h.
Dorsalviewof
aedeagus.–i.
Paramere.–j.
Sclerotizedrods.
pilosusHerbst,1792.Kryptophagusisanincor- Material examined. 24 ex, Galilée, Israël
rectoriginalspelling(Opinion1810,1955),soto (MHNG).
allintentsandpurposes,bothnamesareidentical Important characteristics. Pronotum trans-
and themost recent oneis invalid (ICNZ 1999, verse (Fig. 4a,b) (WL= 1.6–1.7), as wide at its
Art. 57.2). The name was later corrected to baseasatitsapex.Anteriorcallositieslong(1/4
denticulatusHeer(Johnson2008). ofthelengthofpronotum)indorsalviewproject-
ing beyond anterior edge of pronotum but not
3.2.4.CryptophagusgalileiOtero,1997 prominentlaterally;anglebetweenposterioredge
ofcallosityandlateralwallofpronotumobtuse.
CryptophagusgalileiOtero,1997.RevueSuisse Anglebetweenbaresurfacecallosityandlongitu-
Zool.,104(1):208 dinalaxisofbody 35°–45°.Surfaceofcallosity
scarcelyvisibleindorsalview,andnotprominent
88 Otero&Johnson (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.24
Fig.5.Crypto-
phagusinaequ-
alisReitter.–a.
Generalview,
male.–b.Prono-
tum.–c.An-
tenna.–d.Size
andshapeofoc-
ularfacets.–e–g.
Comparisonof
punctationbe-
tweenpronotum
andelytra.–h.
Dorsalviewof
aedeagus.–i.
Paramere.–j.
Sclerotizedrods.
edge.Positionoflateraltoothbeforethemiddle 3.2.5.CryptophagusinaequalisReitter,1878
ofthelateralmargin.Lateralmarginofpronotum
bearing tooth just posterior to anterior-posterior Cryptophagus inaequalis Reitter 1878. Deut.
midpoint; straight margin between tooth and Ent.Zeit.,22:53
base. Pronotal punctation pronounced; distance
betweenpunctureslessthanorequaltopuncture Material examined. 12 ex, Velebit, Croatia;
diameter(Ø=12µm)(Fig.4e).AedeagusinFig. Herkulesbad, Romania; Gottschee, Slovakia
4g, sclerotized rods in Fig. 4i and parameres in (NMW).
Fig.4h. Importantcharacteristics.Pronotumslightly
Distribution. Israel (Otero 1997), Greece transverse(WL=1.4)(Fig.5a,b).Callositysmall
(Otero&Angelini2008–2009). (1/5–1/6 of lateral margin), elongate-oval patch
of bare surface visible from above. Glandular
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.24 (cid:127) Cryptophagus"dentatusgroup"(Coleopera) 89
Fig.6.Crypto-
phagusinsulicola
Roubal.–a.Gen-
eralview,male.
–b.Pronotum.
–c.Sizeand
shapeofocular
facets.–d–f.
Comparisonof
punctationbe-
tweenheadpro-
notumandelytra.
–g.Dorsalview
ofaedeagus.–h.
Paramere.–i.
Sclerotizedrods.
ductinvisible.Pointofcallosityabsent.Anglebe- 3.2.6.CryptophagusinsulicolaRoubal,1919
tween bare surface of callosity and longitudinal
axisofbody25°–35°.Lateraltoothinthemiddle Cryptophagus acuminatus Coombs & Wood-
oftheside.Generalshapeoflateralmarginparal- roffe, 1955. Trans. Soc. ent. Lond., 106 (6):
lel.Posterioranglesfromrighttoacute.Basalpits 257
slightorreduced.Puntures(Fig.5f)separatedby CryptophagusvagusBruce,1938.Ann.Hist-nat.
adistanceshorterthantheirdiameter(Ø=12–13 Mus.Nat.Hung.ParsZool.,31:6
µm).AedeagusinFig.5h,sclerotizedrodsinFig.
5jandparameresinFig.5i. Material examined. 8 ex, Germany, Ukraine
Distribution. Very rare in central and south (coll.NHMW);2ex,Greece(Johnson2012);1
eastern Europe: Austria, Bosnia Herzegovina, ex,Italy(CA).
Greece,Romania,Slovakia,Ukraine(Johnsonet Importantcharacteristics.Pronotumslightly
al.2007). transverse,almostsubquadrate(WL=1.5–1.6or
more)(Fig.6a,b).Callositysmall(1/6–1/5oflat-
90 Otero&Johnson (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.24
Fig.7.Crypto-
phagusinter-
mediusBruce.–
a.Generalview,
male.–b.Prono-
tum.–c.An-
tenna.–d.Size
andshapeofoc-
ularfacets.–e–g.
Comparisonof
punctationbe-
tweenheadpro-
notumandelytra.
–h.Dorsalview
ofaedeagus.–i.
Paramere.–j.
Sclerotizedrods.
eralmargin),elongate-ovalpatchofbaresurface 3.2.7.CryptophagusintermediusBruce,1934
visible from above. Point of callosity absent.
Caudolateral angle obtuse. Angle between bare Cryptophagus intermedius Bruce, 1934. Ento-
surfaceofcallosityandlongitudinalaxisofbody mol.Tidskr.,55(2):179
25°–35°.Positionoflateraltoothatmiddleoflat-
eral margin. General shape of lateral margin Material examined. 3 ex, Italy (CA); 2 ex, Iran
roundedorangular.Straightshapeoflateralmar- (HNHM);2ex,Spain(MZL).
gin between lateral tooth and posterior angles. Importantcharacteristics.Pronotumconvex,
Posterioranglesfromrectangulartoacuteorob- moderatelytransverse(WL=1.5–1.6)(Fig.7a,b).
tuse. Basal groove slight, narrow or reduced. Callosity with a variable size (1/4–1/5 of the
Basalpitsnormal.AedeagusinFig.6g,scleroti- length of the side); forming a right angle back-
zedrodsinFig.6iandparameresinFig.6h. ward; surface of callosity visible dorsally and
Distribution.VeryrareinEurope:GreatBrit- with a strong edge. Glandular pore not visible.
ain, Germany, Greece, Switzerland and western Callositiesforminganangleoflessthan25°with
Asia: Afghanistan, Iran, Tajikistan, Turkmeni- axisofbody.Lateraltoothinthemiddleorbehind
stan,Uzbekistan(Johnsonetal.2007). themiddleofthelateralmargin.Posteriorangles
fromrighttoacute.Basalgroovenormal.Basal
foveae reduced. Punctation moderately diffuse;