Species of Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidina) living on Schinus (Sapindales Anacardiaceae) with description of a New Species

2007·5.5 MB·

by  J Ortego

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
109(2), 2007, pp. 338-349
SPECIES OF APHIS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE: APHIDINA) LIVING ON
SCHINUS (SAPINDALES: ANACARDIACEAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF
A NEW SPECIES
J. Ortego, J. M. NiETO Nafria, and M. p. Mier Durante
(JO) INTA EEA Junin, Casilla de Correo 78, 5570 San Martin (Mendoza),
Argentina (e-mail: [email protected]); (JMNN, MPMD) Departamento de
Biologia Animal, Universidad de Leon, E-24071 Leon, Spain (e-mail: (JMNN)
[email protected]; (MPMD) [email protected])
—
Abstract. Aphids collected on species of Schinus (Anacardiaceae) in Argentina
and Chile, mainly in Andean localities, are studied. The variability of Aphis
schinifoliae Blanchard, 1939, is discussed and males are described. Apterous and
alatae viviparous females, oviparous females, and males of a new species. Aphis
schinivora, are described. A key to Aphidini species that could be found on
Anacardiaceae in South America is given.
—
Resumen. Se han estudiado los pulgones recogidos en localidades de Argentina y
Chile, principalmente andinas, sobre especies de Schinus (Anacardiaceae). Se expone
la variabilidad de Aphis schinifoliae Blanchard, 1939 y se describen los machos. Se
describen las hembras viviparas apteras y aladas, las hembras oviparas y los machos
de una nueva especie, Aphis schinivora. Se presenta una clave para las especies de
Aphidini que pudieran encontrarse en Sudamerica sobre especies de Anacardiaceae.
Key Words: Aphis schinivora, Aphididae, Aphidina, aphids, new species, Chile,
Argentina, South America, Andes, Anacardiaceae
Argentinean entomologist Everard E. Schinus present in Argentina and their
Blanchard (1899-1971) described 39 spe- distribution (Zuloaga and Morrone
cies and subspecies of aphids, 18 of 1999), the plant may, in fact, be Schinus
which (15 species and 3 subspecies) are fasciculatus (Griseb) LM. Johnst., 1938.
considered available today (Cortes 1973, Remaudiere et al. (1991) described the
Nieto Nafria et al. 1994, Seco Fernandez winged viviparous females and the ovip-
et al. 2000, Ortego et al. 2004, Nieto arous females, and provided more data
Nafria et al. in press). One species is on the apterae based on material collect-
Aphisschinifoliae Blanchard, 1939, which ed on Schinus dependens (we have similar
lives on various species belonging to the doubts with regard to the identification
genus Schinus L., 1753 (Anacardiaceae). of the plant) and Schinus molle L., 1753,
Blanchard (1939) described only the by Bahamondes in Mendoza (Argen-
apterous viviparous females collected on tina). Hinojosa de Fernandez (1964);
Schinus dependens Ortega, 1798, in Los Blackman and Eastop (1994), and Nieto
Cocos (Cordoba province). However, if Nafria et al. (1994) have reported the
we take into account the species of species in Bolivia, Chile, and Tucuman
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 2 339
Province (Argentina), respectively. It is Abbreviations used in the text and
not present in Brazil, despite the fact that figure captions are as follows: Abdl,
Bertels (1973) recorded it in the State of AbdII, AbdIII, AbdIV, AbdV, AbdVI,
Rio Grande do Sul (Costa et al. 1993;, AbdVII, AbdVIII = abdominal seg-
Sousa-Silva and Ilharco 1995; Perez ments I to VIII; AntI, Antll, Antlll,
Hidalgo et al. 1998, and Nieto Nafria AntIV, AntV, AntVIb, AntVIpt = an-
and Mier Durante 2006). tennal segments I to V plus base and
The genus Schinus (Rosidae, Sapin- processus terminalis ofantennal segment
dales: Anacardiaceae), with about 30 VI, respectively; Ars = apical rostral
species, is distributed from southern segment; D = basal diameter ofantennal
United States to the southern part of segment III; and Ht2 = second segment
the continent (Argentina and Chile). of hind tarsus. Values in parentheses are
According to Blackman and Eastop exceptional values.
(1994), three aphid species have been Table 1 shows the collection data for
recorded on species of Schinus: Aphis the specimens studied.
schinifoliae (on S. dependens and S.
molle). Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (on Results and Discussion
S. molle and S. terebinthifolius Raddi, Using a stereoscopic microscope, vi-
1820), and Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de viparous apterous females in alcohol
Fonscolombe, 1841 (on S. terebinthifo- (Table 1) were separated into two
lius). These authors also record aphid groups: 1) specimens collected on various
species (mostly Fordini, Eriosomatinae) species of Schinus, with pale siphunculi
throughout the world on plants belong- at least as long as the cauda, or
ing to another 12 genera of Anacardia- exceptionally slightly shorter, identified
ceae, and amongst them, there are as A. schinifoliae; and 2) specimens
another six species of the tribe Aphidini: collected on Schinus johnstonii F.A.
A. spiraecola Patch, 1914, A. craccivora Barkley, 1944, with very dark, and very
Koch, 1854, A. fabae Scopoh, 1763, A. short siphunculi (shorter than 2/3 cauda
rhoicola Hille Ris Lambers, 1954, and length), considered a new species.
another two species in the same tribe
Aphidini: Brachyunguis harmalae Das, Aphis schinifoliae Blanchard 1939
1918, and Toxoptera odinae (van der (Figs. 3B, 4A)
Goot, 1917). Only the first three ofthese
six species were recorded in South The apterous viviparous females
America, and all three are polyphagous. caught in Paso Pehuenche: Las Garzas
In recent years, we have carried out and in Malargiie: Refugio del Club
expeditions to collect aphids mainly in Andino, differ from the other A. schini-
the Andean area ofArgentina to increase foliae specimens (Fig. 4A) in that they
our knowledge of the South American have much more voluminous abdominal
aphid fauna. We have studied 1 1 Argen- papillae and slightly longer dorsal ab-
tinean samples and 2 Chilean samples, all dominal setae. The data obtained in the
collected on Schinus. morphometric study of these females
(Table 2) show that there is only one
Material and Methods species. Aphis schinifoliae, which is more
Techniques for collecting, preserving, variable than first thought.
slide mounting and measuring, aphids, as Three ofthe studied samples (Table 1)
well as terminology, are reported in our have sexuals. The oviparous females are
previous papers (Mier Durante et al. similar to those described by Remaudiere
2006). et al. (1991) and the males, which are
340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
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342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
apterous, are described below. The pres- AbdVIIL Antlll, AntIV, and AntV have
ence of sexuals, and in particular, the 8-16, 4-11, and 4-9 secondary sensoria,
apterous males, demonstrate that the respectively. Other metric and meristic
species is monoecious holocyclic on characteristic are shown in Table 2.
several species of Schinus, although it
also may be anholocyclic, like other Aphis schinivoi-a Ortego, Nieto Nafria,
aphid species, should be considered. and Mier Durante, new species
Remaudiere et al. (1991) were sur- (Figs. 1, 2, 3B)
prised at the presence of oviparous Apterous viviparous female (n = 381;
females in November. Our collections 39 measured) (Fig. 1).—Body 0.94-
in December were just as surprising, but mm
1.38 long, 13.1-26.9 times siphuncu-
the February and March ones are
lus, which is very short. Shiny black with
normal, though somewhat early. partially white legs when alive. Slide-
Our data indicate that the species
mounted specimens with pigmented
could produce sexuals during the austral
head, antenna, partially thorax, partially
summer without interrupting the pro-
legs, siphunculi, cauda, and genital and
duction of viviparous females, as occurs
anal plate; see detailed pigmentation in
with MacrosipJium meixneri Borner, 1950
description of each part.
(Nieto Nafria and Mier Durante 1991) in
Front margin moderately sinuate or
the Cantabrian Mountains. Also, the
convex. Head, AntI and Antll brown to
sexuals collected in spring could come
dark brown. Setae on vertex fine, acute,
from viviparous females that remained
15-38 jam long and 1.2-2.4 times D.
on the plants during winter, either in
Antenna 6 segmented, but Antlll and
sheltered places or under a layer ofsnow.
AntIV sometimes coalescent or excep-
Leclant (1978) recorded aphids remain- mm
ing on the host plant in a place with air tionally 5 segmented, 0.55-0.78
and under a layer of snow for Wahlgre- long, 0.47-0.67 times body length and
niella ossicmnilssoni Hille Ris Lambers, without secondary sensoria. Antlll pale
1949, on Arctostaphylos uva-ursi in the to dark brown, dorsally smooth or very
French Alps, and Nieto Nafria and Mier tenuously imbricated and ventrally im-
mm
Durante (data not edited) for Acyrthosi- bricated, 0.12-0.23 long (0.9-1.9
phon sp. on Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. times AntVIpt) and with 3-7 setae,
occidentalis (perhaps A. matilei Remau- which are 15-30 |am long and 1.0-1.8
diere and Leclant 2000) in the Spanish times D. Other segments of antennal
Cantabrian Mountains. flagellum brown to dark brown and
This species, recorded for the first time wrinkly; AntIV and AntVm,mrespectively,
in Neuquen, Rio Negro, and Santa Fe 0.06-0.12 and 0.07-0.12 long; An-
provinces, is widely distributed, known tVIpt 0.10-0.16 mm, 0.9-1.5(1.9) times
from 60°55'W of Esperanza (Santa Fe, Antlll, and 1.2-1.9 times AntVIb, which
mm
Argentina) in the east to Chile in the is 0.07-0.10 long. Rostrum brown
west, and from Bolivia in the north to reaching or overlapping hind coxae; Ars
39°02'S of General Roca (Rio Negro, 0.10-0.12 mm, 1.0-1.3 times Ht2, 1.0-
Argentina) in the south. 1.5 times AntVIb, 2.0-3.1 times its basal
Males are apterous (Fig. 3B). Slide- width, and with straight sides and 2 long
mounted specimens have a pigmented secondary setae.
head, rostrum, antennae, most of the Coxae, trochanters, most of femur
length of the legs, parameres, anal plate, length, distal one-third oftibiae and tarsi
and Cauda, plus sometimes stigmatic and brown to dark brown; other parts oflegs
intersegmental sclerites and a band on not as pigmented, light brown to brown.
VOLUME NUMBER
109. 2 343
Fig. 1. Aphis schinivora, apterous viviparous female, general view and detailed Antlll and AntVI;
oviparous female, tibia and tarsus ofhind leg.
Inside seta ofhind trochanter 33-43 |a,m, Pigmented areas on dorsum of thorax
0.6-1.3 times diameter of trochanter- usually restricted to marginal areas and
femoral joint. Longest dorsal setae on sometimes extended on metathorax, but
hind femur 25-38 \\m. and 1.3-3.0 times paler than head. Dorsal abdominal
D. Outside setae at mid length of hind pigmented sclerotized areas very vari-
tibia 20-38 jim long and 1.1-1.7 diame- able: from stigmatic and some interseg-
ter of article at its insertion point. First mental sclerites and very straight bar on
tarsal segment with 3.3.2 setae. Ht2 0.08- AbdVIII (before hairs) to stigmatic,
mm
0.10 long. intersegmental and marginal sclerites,
344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
mm
0.2
Fig. 2. Aphis schinivora, alatae viviparous female. Antlll and AntVI are detailed.
broken large spinal-pleural on AbdIV, Siphunculus dark brown to black,
spinal sclerites to small patches on Abdl- cylindrical, and very short (0.04-
Abdlll and AbdV-AbdVI, and bars on 0.10 mm long, 1.1-2.9 times its width at
AbdVII and AbdVIII; segmental ones middle, and 0.3-0.7 times cauda), wrin-
tenuously reticulated and paler than kly and with a small apical flange.
coxae or siphunculi. Genital plate with 2-4 discal and (4)7-
Marginal papillae on prothorax, Abdl, 12(19) posterior setae, and dark brown
AbdVII and (5)6 9 on AbdII-AbdVI; similar to anal plate. Cauda brown to
prothoracic ones large, longer than dark brown, more pigmented on mar-
mm
triommatidium axis but relatively short, gins, 0.09-0.17 and (0.8)1.1-1.9
larger than abdominal ones; smallest on times its basal width, with 4—8 setae.
AbdVII and, if they exist, on AbdV and Alate viviparous female (n =
AbdVI and AbdVII. Marginal and spi- 1) (Fig. 2).—Body 1.33 mm long, and
nal setae on AbdIII, respectively, 25 similar to apterous females, although
48 |im (1.0-2.5 times D) and 18-35 |um with less sclerotization, a straight bar
(0.7-1.6 times D); setae on AbdVII and both on AbdVII (broken) and AbdVIII
mm
AbdVIII, which are 2(4) in number, (complete), and antenna 0,85 long.
respectively, 13-25 |am (1.0-2.4 times Antlll and AntIV with 5 8 and 0-1
D) and 10-33 |J,m (1.7-2.8 times D). secondary sensoria, respectively.
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 2 345
Fig. 3. Apterous males. A, Aphis schinivora, Antlll and AntVI are detailed. B, A. schinifoliae.
——
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Oviparous female (n = 1) (Fig. 1). um of Natural History, Smithsonian
mm
Body 1.12 long, similar to vivipa- Institution aphid collection (Beltsville,
rous apterous females that have poor MD, USA).
—
dorsal sclerotization and pigmentation; Etymology. The specific name, schi-
Antlll and AntIV joined and together nivora, is an adjective in the feminine
mm
0.21 long, 11 setae on cauda, bi- gender (as is Aphis) derived from the host
coiored genital plate with 16 discal and plant generic name and "vora", that
24 posterior setae, and hind tibia brown, means "eater" in Latin.
—
gradually enlarged and with 31 scent Biology and distribution. The pres-
plates (one hind leg missing). ence of sexual specimens on Schinus
Male, apterous (n = 3) (Fig. 3A). johnstonii shows that Aphis schinivora is
mm
Body 0.97-1.07 long with antenna monoecious and holocyclic. As the sex-
and legs brown to dark brown. Dorsal uals were collected at the end ofJanuary
scletorization and pigmentation more during midsummer and not at a high
extended than apterous viviparous fe- altitude (approximately 1000 m), we
male, with spinal twin plates on AbdII- think that their life cycle could well be
AbdVI (coalescing to make a spinal very short. This species forms very dense
complete plate) and bars on AbdVII- colonies on the stems and leaves where it
AbdVIII. Antlll, AntIV, and AntV, produces abundant honeydew.
respectively, with 10-13, 2-8, and 3-7 The only host plant species of A.
secondary sensoria placed on ventral schinivora is Schinus johnstonii, but it is
part of segments. Metric and other uncertain whether it can live on other
meristic features similar those of apter- shrublike species ofSchinus. S. johnstonii
ous viviparous female, though antenna occurs in large areas of western Argen-
0.6-0.9 times body length, which is 10.5- tina, from Chubut to San Juan and San
11.0 siphunculus, and minimal differ- Luis provinces and in several areas in
ences in length of some setae. Chile (Missouri Botanical Garden 1999;
—
Type material. Holotype: apterous Zuloaga and Morrone 1999); the aphid
viviparous female (ARG-457 measured has been located only in part ofthis area,
specimen 1 1) collected on Schinus john- but it might live in a more extensive area.
stonii F.A. Barkley at Lago Tromen In any case, we think that its distribution
(Neuquen, Argentina), 23-1-2000. De- area is smaller than that of A. schinifo-
posited in collection of the Universidad liae.
—
de Leon (Departamento de Biologia Taxonomic discussion. The new spe-
Animal). Paratypes: 117 apterous vivip- cies is very distinct due to the combina-
arous females, 1 viviparous alatae fe- tion ofthe following characters: pale and
male, 1 oviparous female, and 3 males unsclerotized or little sclerotized abdom-
(apterous) found with the holotype, and inal dorsum, very short and dark pig-
263 apterous females caught on the same mented siphunculi, pigmented antennae
plant in San Martin de los Andes and legs, triangular and pigmented
(Neuquen), 25-1-1999, J. Ortego leg., Cauda, large papillae on the prothorax
and in Paso Pehuenche: La Mina and Abdl, and very numerous and
(Maule, Chile). Deposited in the collec- conspicuous marginal papillae on other
tions of the Universidad de Leon (Leon, abdominal segments. These characters
Spain), INTA EEA Junin (Junin, Men- differentiate this species from all other
doza, Argentina), The Natural History Argentinean and Chilean species.
Museum (London, United Kingdom), The following key, partly adapted
Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle from those by Remaudiere (1994); Black-
(Paris, France), and the National Muse- man and Eastop (1994), and Garcia
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 2 347
Fig. 4. Apterous viviparous females. A, Aphisschinifoliae. B, Toxoptera awantii. C, A. craccivora. D,
A.fabae. E, A. spiraecola. F, A. gossypii.