Specialty Competencies in Psychoanalysis in Psychology

249 Pages·2014·2.563 MB·English

by  Dolores O. Morris, Rafael Art. Javier, William G. Herron

Specialty Competencies in
Psychoanalysis in Psychology
Series in Specialty Competencies in Professional Psychology
SERIES EDITORS
Arthur M. Nezu, PhD, ABPP, and Christine Maguth Nezu, PhD, ABPP
SERIES ADVISORY BOARD
David Barlow, PhD, ABPP William Parham, PhD, ABPP
Jon Carlson, PsyD, EdD, ABPP Michael G. Perri, PhD, ABPP
Kirk Heilbrun, PhD, ABPP C. Steven Richards, PhD
Nadine J. Kaslow, PhD, ABPP Norma P. Simon, EdD, ABPP
Robert Klepac, PhD
TITLES IN THE SERIES
Specialty Competencies in School Specialty Competencies in Group
Psychology, Rosemary Flanagan Psychology, Sally Barlow
and Jeffrey A. Miller
Specialty Competencies in Clinical
Specialty Competencies in Psychology, Robert A. DiTomasso,
Organizational and Business Consulting Stacey C. Cahn,
Psychology, Jay C. Thomas Susan M. Panichelli-Mindel,
and Roger K. McFillin
Specialty Competencies in
Geropsychology, Victor Molinari Specialty Competencies in
(Editor) Rehabilitation Psychology,
David R. Cox, Richard H. Cox,
Specialty Competencies in Forensic
and Bruce Caplan
Psychology, Ira K. Packer and
Thomas Grisso Specialty Competencies in Cognitive and
Behavioral Psychology,
Specialty Competencies in Couple
Christine Maguth Nezu,
and Family Psychology, Mark Stanton
Christopher R. Martell,
and Robert Welsh
and Arthur M. Nezu
Specialty Competencies in Clinical Child
Specialty Competencies in Clinical
and Adolescent Psychology,
Health Psychology, Kevin T. Larkin and
Alfred J. Finch, Jr., John E. Lochman,
Elizabeth A. Klonoff
W. Michael Nelson III, and
Michael C. Roberts Specialty Competencies in
Psychoanalysis in Psychology,
Specialty Competencies in Clinical
Dolores O. Morris, Rafael Art. Javier,
Neuropsychology, Greg J. Lamberty and
and William G. Herron
Nathaniel W. Nelson
Specialty Competencies in Counseling
Psychology, Jairo N. Fuertes,
Arnold Spokane, and
Elizabeth Holloway
DOLORES O. MORRIS
RAFAEL ART. JAVIER
WILLIAM G. HERRON
Specialty Competencies in
Psychoanalysis in Psychology
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SELECTED EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
1859 Publication of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
by Charles Darwin.
1872 Publication of Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles
Darwin.
1883 Emil Kraepelin proposes the first classification of mental disorders.
1883 Publication of Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development, a study
of memory in the real world by Sir Francis Galton.
1885 Study of human memory by Herman Ebbinghaus.
1885–1886 Sigmund Freud studies at the Salpêtriére School of Hypnosis under
Jean-Martin Charcot.
1890 Publication of The Principles of Psychology by William James.
1891 Publication of Diseases of Personality by Théodule Ribot.
1892 Establishment of the American Psychological Association.
1893–1895 Publication of Studies on Hysteria by Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud.
1894 Publication of Diseases of the Will by Théodule Ribot.
1894–1896 Publication of the Neuropsychosis of defense and Further Remarks on the
Neuropsychosis of Defense by Sigmund Freud.
1896 Publication of Diseases of Memory An Essay in Positive psychology by
Théodule Ribot.
1990–1901 Publication of The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud.
1901 Publication of The Development of Sexual Instinct by Havelock Ellis.
1901–1905 Publication of Three Essays on Sexuality and other works by Sigmund
Freud.
1907 Publication of Study of Organ Inferiority and Its Psychical Compensation
by Alfred Adler.
1909 The Clark University Conference is attended by Sigmund Freud,
G. Stanley Hall, Carl Jung, Abraham Brill, Ernest Jones, and Sándor
Ferenczi.
1911 The American Psychoanalytic Association is founded; the first accrediting
national psychoanalytic organization in the nation.
1911 Publication of Symbols of Transformation by Carl Jung, which begins his
breaking away from Freud’s basic theories, with the final break to come
in 1913.
1914–1918 World War I, which is followed by the 1929 financial collapse, prompts
the emigration of prominent psychoanalysts to the United States in the
1930s, such as Otto Rank, Otto Fenichel, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney,
Ernest Simmell, and Helene Deutsch.
1918 Freud establishes the Institutes for Psychoanalytic Education and Training
in Berlin, immediately followed by similar establishments in Vienna and
London. In America, New York is the first, followed by Chicago, Boston,
and Baltimore–Washington.
1920 The Tavistock Clinic is founded by Dr. Hugh Crichton Miller.
1923–1925 Publication of The Ego and the Id, and other works by Sigmund Freud.
1924 Otto Rank breaks from Freud with the publication of Rank’s book The
Trauma of Birth.
1924 The American Psychoanalytic Association, under the influence of the
New York Psychoanalytic Society, adopts the requirement that members
be physicians. This decision is based on the fear or concern that opening
it up would dilute the exclusiveness and the conviction that physicians
were better prepared to provide psychoanalysis.
1926 Publication of On Inhibitions, Symptoms, and Anxiety by Sigmund Freud.
1928–1971 Publication of Judgement and Reasoning in the Child, Construction of
Reality in the Child, On the Development of Memory and Identity, and
other works by Jean Piaget.
1932–1957 Publication of The Psychoanalysis of Children, Envy and Gratitude, and
other works by Melanie Klein.
1932 Sigmund Freud breaks with Sándor Ferenczi.
1933 Publication of Confusion of Tongues between Adults and the Child
The Language of Tenderness and of Passion by Sándor Ferenczi, which
represents a departure from his previous Freudian view.
1934 Otto Rank moves permanently to the United States and becomes an
influential force for prominent psychoanalysts such as Carl Rogers, Franz
Alexander, Rollo May, Robert Lifton, and Irvin Yalom.
1935 Publication of Konrad Lorenz’s observation on “imprinting” in ducklings,
also relevant to understand the crucial importance of the critical period
in human.
1936 Publication of The Ego and the Mechanism of Defense by Anna Freud.
1940 Publication of The Influence of Early Environment in the Development of
Neurosis by John Bowlby.
1946 Publication of The Observation of Anaclitic Depression in Orphaned and
Neglected Children by René A. Spitz.
1947 The Hempstead Child Therapy Course is established by Anna Freud; and
the Hempstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic is established by Anna
Freud, Dorothy Burlingham, and Helen Ross in 1952.
1948 Establishment of the Postgraduate Center for Mental Health in New York
by Louis Wolberg.
1950–1969 Publication of Childhood and Society, Identity and the Life Cycle, and
Identity Youth and Crisis by Erik Erickson.
1951 Publication of Maternal Care and Mental Health by John Bowlby.
1952 Publication of An Object Relations Theory of the Personality by William
Ronald Fairbairn.
1953 Publication of The interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry by Harry Stack Sullivan.
1958 Publication of Ego Psychology and the Problem with Adaptation by
Heinz Hartman.
1959 Publication of Separation Anxiety by John Bowlby.
1959–1994 Publication of Introspection, Empathy, and Psychoanalysis; The Analysis
of the Self; The Restoration of the Self, and other works by Heinz Kohut.
1961 Creation of the New  York University postdoctoral program in
psychotherapy and psychoanalysis by Bernard Kalinkowitz.
1963 Establishment of the Adelphi postdoctoral program (the Derner Institute)
by Gordon Derner.
1963–1977 Publication of Separation and Individuation by Margaret Mahler.
1965 Publication of Research on the effect of maternal deprivation in infant
monkeys by Harlow and Associates.
1969–1980 Publication of Attachment and Loss by John Bowlby.
1972 Creation of the San Francisco Psychotherapy Research Group, founded
by Joseph Weiss and Harold Sampson.
1972 The National Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis
(NAAP) is founded, a group of psychoanalytic practitioners whose
affiliated institutes do not require candidates to have a graduate degree
in a healthcare profession before undertaking psychoanalytic training.
Toward the end of establishing psychoanalysis as a separate discipline,
the NAAP has worked not only to establish accreditation standards for
psychoanalytic institutes, but to establish state licensure for individual
psychoanalysts. Their lobbying has been credited with successfully
establishing licensing for individuals under the title of “psychoanalyst” in
the states of New York, Vermont, and New Jersey.
1974 Publication of The Holding Environment by Donald Winnicott.
1975 Publication of Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism by
Otto Kernberg.
1977–1988 Publication of Ecrits A  Selection; Four Fundamental Concepts of
Psychoanalysis, and other works by Jacques Laçan.
1978 Theodor Reik founds the National Psychological Association for
Psychoanalysis (NPAP) to educate non-medical psychoanalysts in
New York City, with an affiliate in California. (There were other institutes
outside of the American Psychoanalytic Association available before
NPAP that did not subscribe to the classic Freudian doctrine.)
1978 Publication of Patterns of Attachment by Mary Ainsworth and associates.
1979 The Division of Psychoanalysis (Div. 39)  is established within the
American Psychological Association.
1979 Publication of Faces in a Cloud Subjectivity in Personality Theory by
Robert Stolorow and George Atwood.
1982 Establishment of The Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychology, for the APA
Division of Psychoanalysis, with Helen Lewis as its first editor.
1984 Publication of Structures of Subjectivity Explorations in psychoanalytic
phenomenology by George Atwood and Robert Stolorow.
1985 Publication of The interpersonal World of the Infant by Daniel Stern.
1985 A  federal anti-trust class action lawsuit is brought about by four
psychologist plaintiffs against the American Psychoanalytic Association
(APsaA), the International Psychoanalytical Association, and two
institutes that were affiliated with these associations.
1986 The Clark Conference on Psychoanalytic Training for Psychologists is
sponsored by Division 39.
1988 APsaA modifies its by-laws to eliminate its “waiver process“ for full
clinical psychoanalytic training for doctoral level psychologists and
social workers.
1988 The Psychoanalytic Consortium is formed by Division 39 (Psychoanalysis)
of the American Psychological Association, The American Academy of
Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, the American Psychoanalytic
Association, and the American Association for Psychoanalysis in Clinical
Social Work—in opposition to the NAAP’s efforts. They believe that
divorcing psychoanalysis from the established healthcare professions
would lower standards by essentially turning psychoanalytic institutes
into master’s programs rather than a postdoctoral requirement, which
could potentially damage the reputation of psychoanalysis in the public
mind.
1988 Publication of Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis by Stephen
Mitchell.
1989 Settlement of the anti-trust class action lawsuit is reached (April 17),
opening the door for non-medical training in psychoanalysis.
1995 Creation of the Boston Change Process Study Group by Louis Sander,
Daniel Sterns, Karen Lyons-Ruth, Nadia Bruschweiler-Stern, Jeremy
Nahum, and Alexander Morgan.
1995 The American Psychological Association (APA) establishes the
Commission for the Recognition of Specialties and Proficiencies in
Professional Psychology (CRSPPP) to identify, codify, and clarify the
distinctive patterns of professional education, training, and practice that
exist among the specialties of professional psychologists. Psychoanalysis
in psychology is one of the specialties, as are all specialties that must go
through a renewal process every seven years; which is affirmed by the
APA Council of Representatives.
1996 The American Board of Professional Psychology establishes the Speciality
Board of Psychoanalysis to certify psychologists in psychoanalysis.
2001 Accreditation Council for Psychoanalytic Education, Inc. (ACPEInc)
is established to evaluate and accredit educational institutions that
train and graduate practitioners of psychoanalysis. Its evaluation and
accreditation criteria are based on the standards developed by the
Psychoanalytic Consortium.