Speaking Back: The Free Speech versus Hate Speech Debate

192 Pages·2002·1.093 MB·English

by  Katharine Gelber

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SpeakingBack
DiscourseApproachestoPolitics,SocietyandCulture
Theseriesincludescontributionsthatinvestigatepolitical,socialandculturalprocesses
fromalinguistic/discourse-analyticpointofview.Theaimistopublishmonographs
and edited volumes which combine language-based approaches with disciplines
concernedessentiallywithhumaninteraction—disciplinessuchaspoliticalscience,
international relations, social psychology, social anthropology, sociology, economics,
andgenderstudies.
The book series complements the Journal of Language and Politics, edited by Ruth
WodakandPaulChilton
Generaleditors
PaulChiltonandRuthWodak
UniversityofEastAnglia/UniversityofVienna
Editorialaddress:PaulChilton
SchoolofLanguage,Linguistics&TranslationStudies
UniversityofEastAnglia
NorwichNR47TJ,UK
[email protected]@univie.ac.at
Advisoryboard
MichaelBillig JacobL.Mey
LoughboroughUniversity UniversityofSouthernDenmark
JanBlommaert GeorgeLakoff
UniversityofGent UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley
PierreBourdieu† JimR.Martin
CollègedeFrance UniversityofSydney
BillDownes LuisaMartin-Rojo
UniversityofEastAnglia UniversidadAutonomadeMadrid
MikhailV.Ilyin ChristinaSchaeffner
Polis,Moscow AstonUniversity
TeunA.vanDijk
UniversityofAmsterdam/PompeuFabra,
Barcelona
Volume1
SpeakingBack:Thefreespeechversushatespeechdebate
byKatharineGelber
Speaking Back
The free speech versus
hate speech debate
Katharine Gelber
UniversityofNewSouthWales
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany
Amsterdam(cid:1)/(cid:1)Philadelphia
TM ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican
8
NationalStandardforInformationSciences–PermanenceofPaperforPrinted
LibraryMaterials,ansiz39.48-1984.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Gelber,Katharine
Speakingback:thefreespeechversushatespeechdebate/KatharineGelber.
p. cm.(DiscourseApproachestoPolitics,SocietyandCulture,issn1569-9463;
v.1)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Oralcommunication--Socialaspects.2.Hatespeech.3.Freedomofspeech.4.
Speechacts(Linguistics)I.Ttile.II.Series.
P95.54.G45 2002
302.2’242--dc21 2002016316
isbn902722691(cid:3)1(Eur.)/158811188(cid:3)1(US)(Hb;alk.paper)
©2002–JohnBenjaminsB.V.
Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform,byprint,photoprint,microfilm,orany
othermeans,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher.
JohnBenjaminsPublishingCo.·P.O.Box36224·1020meAmsterdam·TheNetherlands
JohnBenjaminsNorthAmerica·P.O.Box27519·Philadelphiapa19118-0519·usa
forLou

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Table of contents
Acknowledgements xi
Abbreviations xii
Abstract xiii
Introduction 1
Chapter1
Theproblem:Anexampleofracialanti-vilificationlaws
inpractice,1989–1998 13
Thelegislation(cid:1)13
Aimsandobjectives(cid:1)13
Remedies(cid:1)15
Statutorydefinitions(cid:1)16
Exemptions(cid:1)17
1989–1998:Theproblems(cid:1)19
Complaintprocedures—anindividual,privateresolution
toapublicproblem(cid:1)19
Defining“hatespeech”(cid:1)25
Conclusion(cid:1)27
Chapter2
Expandingspeechliberties:Acapabilitiesapproach 29
Flawsinthemajorargumentsindefenceoffreespeech(cid:1)29
Whatkindofliberty?(cid:1)36
Acapabilitiesapproachtospeechpolicy(cid:1)38
Chapter3
Speechasconduct 49
Aspeech-conductdichotomy(cid:1)50
PerformativesandConstatives(cid:1)51
Policyapplicationsoftheperformative-constativedistinction(cid:1)53
viii Tableofcontents
Theillocutionarypossibilitiesofspeech(cid:4)55
PreliminaryobservationsontheapplicationofHabermas’validityclaimsto
ananalysisofspeech-acts(cid:4)60
Habermas’validityclaims(cid:4)64
Content-neutrality?(cid:4)66
Theneedforaresponse(cid:4)67
Chapter4
Hatespeechasharmfulconduct:Thephenomenology
ofhate-speech-acts 69
Astraightforwardcase(cid:4)70
Amoresophisticated,anddifficult,example(cid:4)75
“Anundeservingcomplaint”(cid:4)80
Theperlocutionaryeffectsofhate-speech-acts(cid:4)82
Anewhatespeechpolicy(cid:4)87
Chapter5
Australia,theUKandtheUSAcompared 93
Similaritiesinthenationsstudied(cid:4)93
Differencesinthenationsstudied(cid:4)96
Meansofimplementinginternationaltreatyobligations(cid:4)96
Mechanismsfortheprotectionoffreespeech(cid:4)98
Policyresponsestohatespeech(cid:4)100
Chapter6
Apolicyof‘speakingback’ 117
Implementinga“speakingback”policy(cid:4)117
Typesofresponses(cid:4)122
Institutions(cid:4)124
Possibleobjections(cid:4)125
Otherhatespeechpolicyproposals(cid:4)129
Potentialapplications—the“hardcases”(cid:4)132
Tableofcontents ix
Conclusion 135
Notes 139
References 155
AppendixA 167
AppendixB 170
Index 175