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Speaking Activities Aimed at Developing Fluency in EFL Classes PDF

79 Pages·2002·0.26 MB·English
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University of Pardubice Faculty of Humanities Department of English and American Studies Speaking Activities Aimed at Developing Fluency in EFL Classes Thesis Author: Bc. Marcela TůmovÆ Supervisor: PaedDr. Monika ČernÆ 2002 1 Univerzita Pardubice Fakulta humanitn(cid:237)ch studi(cid:237) Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky Rozvoj plynulosti mluvenØho projevu v hodinÆch anglickØho jazyka DiplomovÆ prÆce Autor: Bc. Marcela TůmovÆ Vedouc(cid:237) diplomovØ prÆce: PaedDr. Monika ČernÆ 2001 2 Univerzita Pardubice Fakulta humanitn(cid:237)ch studi(cid:237) Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky (cid:138)koln(cid:237) rok 2000/2001 ZAD`N˝ DIPLOMOV(cid:201) PR`CE pro: Marcelu Tůmovou obor: učitelstv(cid:237) anglickØho jazyka NÆzev tØmatu: Speaking Activities Aimed at Developing Fluency in EFL Classes ZÆsady pro vypracovÆn(cid:237): Diplomantka v teoretickØ čÆsti na zÆkladě studia odbornØ lingvodidaktickØ literatuty vydefinuje kl(cid:237)čovØ pojmy, tj. komunikativn(cid:237) kompetence, komunikativn(cid:237) př(cid:237)stup; dÆle provede klasifikaci typů aktivit vhodn(cid:253)ch pro rozvoj dovednosti œstn(cid:237)ho vyjadřovÆn(cid:237) se zaměřen(cid:237)m na plynulost projevu. V praktickØ čÆsti se diplomantka zaměř(cid:237) na vybranØ typy aktivit vyu(cid:158)(cid:237)vanØ ve v(cid:253)uce anglickØho jazyka, provede jejich anal(cid:253)zu a kritickØ zhodnocen(cid:237). Zpětnou vazbu od (cid:158)Æků z(cid:237)skÆ prostřednictv(cid:237)m dotazn(cid:237)kovØho (cid:154)etřen(cid:237). Vedouc(cid:237) diplomovØ prÆce: PaedDr. Monika ČernÆ Vedouc(cid:237) katedry: Mgr. (cid:138)Ærka ČÆňovÆ Datum zadÆn(cid:237) diplomovØ prÆce: 30. 3. 2001 3 Prohlášení autora Prohlašuji: Tuto prÆci jsem vypracovala samostatně. Ve(cid:154)kerØ literární prameny, které jsem k prÆci vyu(cid:158)ila, jsou uvedeny v seznamu pou(cid:158)itØ literatury. Byla jsem seznámena s t(cid:237)m, (cid:158)e se na moji prÆci vztahuj(cid:237) prÆva a povinnosti vypl(cid:253)vaj(cid:237)c(cid:237) ze zÆkona č. 121/2000 Sb., autorsk(cid:253) zÆkon, zejmØna se skutečnost(cid:237), (cid:158)e Univerzita Pardubice mÆ prÆvo na uzavřen(cid:237) smlouvy o u(cid:158)it(cid:237) prÆce jako školního díla podle par. 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona, a s t(cid:237)m, (cid:158)e pokud dojde k u(cid:158)it(cid:237) tØto prÆce mnou nebo bude poskytnuta licence o u(cid:158)it(cid:237) jinØmu subjektu, je Univerzita Pardubice oprÆvněna ode mne po(cid:158)adovat přiměřen(cid:253) př(cid:237)spěvek na œhradu nÆkladů, kterØ na vytvořen(cid:237) d(cid:237)la vynalo(cid:158)ila, a to podle okolnost(cid:237) a(cid:158) do jejich skutečnØ v(cid:253)(cid:154)e. Souhlasím s prezenčn(cid:237)m zpř(cid:237)stupněn(cid:237)m svØ prÆce v Univerzitn(cid:237) knihovně Univerzity Pardubice. V Pardubicích dne 27.02.2002 Marcela TůmovÆ 4 Acknowledgements I would like to thank to PaedDr. Monika ČernÆ for her time devoted to our consultations and her advice, and also to my parents for their support. Marcela TůmovÆ 5 Abstract In 1970s appeared so-called ´communicative movement´, which has been influential in foreign language teaching. It assumes that the goal of foreign language teaching is communicative ability; to make learners communicate meanings rather than structures and to allow them to use language in real-life situations, to achieve certain level of fluency. According to Wendy A. Scott and Lisbeth H. Ytreberg, speaking is the most demanding skill for the teacher to teach. Consequently, speaking fluency represents one of the main targets which teachers want to achieve with their students at any stage of teir studies through various techniques and activities. 6 Shrnutí Na počÆtku sedmdesÆt(cid:253)ch let minulØho stolet(cid:237) se roz(cid:154)(cid:237)řilo tzv. ·komunikativn(cid:237) hnut(cid:237)· prosazuj(cid:237)c(cid:237) komunikativn(cid:237) př(cid:237)stup, kterØ zÆsadně ovlivnilo výuku ciz(cid:237)ch jazyků. Podle tohoto hnut(cid:237) je c(cid:237)lem dosa(cid:158)en(cid:237) komunikativn(cid:237) schopnosti, tzn. sdělovÆn(cid:237) a předÆvÆn(cid:237) v(cid:253)znamů/informac(cid:237) sp(cid:237)(cid:154)e ne(cid:158) u(cid:158)it(cid:237) sprÆvn(cid:253)ch jazykov(cid:253)ch struktur, a zÆroveň mo(cid:158)nost pou(cid:158)it(cid:237) jazyka v reálných situac(cid:237)ch, a takØ dosa(cid:158)en(cid:237) určitØ œrovně plynulosti mluveného projevu. Podle Wendy A. Scott a Lisbeth H. Ytreberg je mluvený projev pro učitele tou nej(cid:158)Ædaněj(cid:154)(cid:237) jazykovou dovednost(cid:237). Současně takØ dosa(cid:158)en(cid:237) plynulosti mluvenØho projevu představuje jeden ze zÆkladn(cid:237)ch c(cid:237)lů, kterØho chtěj(cid:237) učitelØ u sv(cid:253)ch studentů doc(cid:237)lit pomoc(cid:237) rozličn(cid:253)ch technik a aktivit v jakékoli fázi studia. 7 Contents 1. Introduction........................................1 2. Theoretical Part....................................3 2.1 Communicative movement.........................3 2.1.1 Chomsky and his communicative competence...5 2.1.2 Chomsky versus Hymes.......................7 2.1.3 Bachman´s interpretation of communicative - language competence........................8 2.1.4 Chomsky´s cognitivism and Skinner´s behaviourism..............................11 2.2 Accuracy versus fluency.......................12 2.3 Speaking activities...........................13 2.3.1 Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.......15 2.3.2 Pre-communicative and communicative activities...............................17 2.3.3 Division of speaking activities..........20 2.3.3.1 Littlewood´s division of speaking activities...........................20 2.3.3.2 Byrne´s division of speaking activities...........................23 2.3.3.3 Scott and Ytreberg´s division of speaking activities..................25 2.3.3.4 Harmer´s division of speaking activities ..........................27 3. Practical Part – Research .........................32 3.1 1st stage: Introduction.......................33 3.2 2nd stage: Pair work..........................40 3.3 3rd stage: Group work.........................46 3.4 4th stage: Questionnaire......................54 4. Conclusion.........................................60 5. Resumé.............................................62 6. Bibliography.......................................67 8 7. Appendix...........................................69 9 1. Introduction Speaking fluently represents one of the targets which teachers are willing to achieve with their students at any stage of their studies, using various approaches, techniques and activities to have more students successful and fluent in using English. Learners should be able to express their ideas which can be a highly motivating factor for them in learning foreign languages, in general. A lot of learners learn languages because it is a compulsory subject at school. It is teacher´s aim to make them aware of the fact that foreign languages, English including, represent in today´s society certain social status which enables to communicate with people all around the world. It can be in the form of business transaction or just asking for direction somewhere abroad. The use and importance of foreign languages is nowadays increasing and therefore more attention should be paid to their acquisition. People use foreign languages at various levels of proficiency and in a different way, for example in their written or oral form. However, most people use the languages for communicative purposes. It is the reason why the necessity of speaking activities developing fluency is stressed by many contemporary writers concentrating on the subject of foreign language teaching as well as the need to communicate meanings in a given situation, rather than present mastery of the language structures. The aim of this thesis is, firstly, theoretical: to provide brief theoretical background about the communicative approach to language teaching, secondly, practical: to help teachers to broaden their repertoire of 10

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Department of English and American Studies. Speaking Activities Aimed at Developing Fluency in. EFL Classes. Thesis. Author: Bc. Marcela Tůmová.
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