Table Of Content

ORIGINAL NARRATIVES OF EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY REPRODUCED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION General Editor, FRANKLIN JAMESON, Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. J. DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH IN THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON SPANISH EXPLORATION IN THE SOUTHWEST — 1542 1706 rur{^ ORIGINAL NARRATIVES EARLY AMERICAN OF HIS TOR Y SPANISH EXPLORATION THE SOUTHWEST IN 1542—1706 EDITED BY HERBERT EUGENE BOLTON, Ph.D. PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA THREE MAPS IVITJI CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORK 1916 COPYRIGHT, I916, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER's SONS Published February, 1916 1/./7 PREFACE This volume is logically the successor in the series of Original Narratives to the one edited by Hodge and Lewis under the title of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543. In one important respect the present volume differs from the series in general. The other volumes consist mainly of reproductions of documents which have hitherto appeared in English; but of this volume approximately only one-third of the documents have hitherto been published in English; about one-third have been published in Spanish only; while nearly one-third have never been published hitherto in any language. Of the five documents in the collection which formerly have been published in English, three have been retranslated for this work. In the selection of the documents it was decided to illustrate with some fullness the cardinal episodes in the history of the region and period covered, rather than to treat more lightly a larger num- ber of topics. This procedure has left the history of seventeenth- century New Mexico almost a blank after its founding by Ofiate. The brief historical introductions are designed to increase the in- terest and intelligibility of the documents by giving a connected view of the development of the whole northern frontier of New Spain during the period covered, as well as to furnish the necessary bio- graphical and bibliographical data. Of the translations here reprinted, that of Massanet's Carta is by Professor Lilia M. Casis, of the University of Texas; and that of De Leon's Itinerary of 1689 is by Miss Elizabeth Howard West, formerly state archivist of Texas. The remaining documents were translated for this work by the editor, assisted by Mrs. Beatrice Quijada Cornish, Mrs. Edith C. Galbraith, Mrs. Anne Hughes Kean, and Miss Elizabeth Howard West. For the final form of the translations the editor is in each case responsible. Thanks are due to Reverend Father Thomas Lantry O'Neill, C. S. P., of Newman Hall, Berkeley, California, and to Reverend Father Zephyrin Engelhardt, PREFACE vi O. F. M., of Santa Barbara, California, for assistance in the render- ing of expressions relating to matters of Catholic doctrine and Church practices. Of the maps, that which serves as th6 frontispiece to the volume, a map of explorations on the northern frontier of New Spain during the whole period from 1535 to 1706, has been compiled by me for the present work largely from original data. The second is a reproduction of the official map of Onate's route to New Mexico in 1598 and of his journey to the Arkansas River in 1601, taken from the original in the Archives of the Indies (Archivo General de Indias) at Seville. This original, never before published, was made by the royal cosmographer (in Mexico), Enrico Martinez. It measures 30 centimetres by 42. The third map is a reproduction of the official map of De Leon's route in 1690 from Monclova to the Neches River. The original, evidently made by Sigiienza, is in the Archives of the Indies and has never before been published. It measures 58 centimetres by 5S, H. E. Bolton. CONTENTS SPANISH EXPLORATION IN THE SOUTHWEST Edited by Herbert Eugene Bolton PAGE I. Exploration and Plans for the Settlement of Californla . . 1 1. The Cabrillo-Ferrelo Expedition 1 Introduction 3 Relation of the Voyage of Juan RodrIguez Cabrillo 13 . . Cabrillo sets Sail; reaches Lower California 13 Sails northward along the Coast 14 At Cedros and San Estevan Islands 16 Takes Possession; Puerto de la Posesion 18 Sails northward; San Agustin 20 San Martin; Cabo de Cruz 21 San Miguel (San Diego) Bay 23 San Salvador; La Vitoria; Los Fumos 24 Indians and their Pueblos 26 .... Cape Galera and Shelter near it 27 From Cape Galera to Northwest Cape; Storms 30 Bay of Los Pinos; Drake's Bay ... 32 .... Winter at Isla de la Posesion; Death of Cabrillo 33 Further Storms; Beating among the Islands 34 Ferrelo sails north to 44° 36 .... His Vessels separate on the Return 38 Reunite at Isla de Cedros; return to New Spain 39 2. The Vizcaino Expedition 41 Introduction 43 .... Diary of Sebastian Vizcaino 52 Departure of Vizcaino from the City of Mexico 52 Departure from Acapulco 53 From Navidad 54 From the Islands of Mazatlan 55 In Magdalena Bay 59 In San Hipolito Bay 63 In Port San Bartolome 64 Admiral's Ship rejoins Captain's Ship 66 Exploration into the Interior 67 vii vm CONTENTS PAGE Cerros Island; Council decides to proceed 68 .70 Heavy Storms . Island of San Geronimo; Port San Quentm 72 .76 Port San Quentm to San Diego Ba.y; I.ndia.ns .. .. .. Feast of San Diego; Council 80 San Diego to Santa Catalina 82 Northward Voyaging; Indians 84 Through the Santa Barbara Channel 87 Discovery of the Harbor of Monterey 90 Council; the Admiral's Ship .to re.turn...... 92 Flagship and Frigate sail northward 94 Cape Mendocino reached 95 Return Voyage; Severe Sufferings 97 Arrival at Mazatlan 99 At Acapulco and at Mexico 100 Adventures of the Frigate 101 A Brief Report of the Discovery of the South Sea (Father Ascension) 104 Memorial of Francisco de Arellano 104 Vizcaino's Expedition 106 Sails from Acapulco; Headwinds 107 The Voyage and Attendant Sufferings 108 Geography of California 109 Of Lower California Ill Its Natural Products 112 Methods for developing it 114 Magdalena Bay and its Region 115 San Diego Bay and its Region 116 Bay of Monterey; Products of Country 119 Arrival at Cape Mendocino 120 Return Voyage 121 Methods for Settling of.Calif.ornia.; So.ldier.s .. .. .... 122 Clergy and their Conduct 124 Buildings and Trade 126 Advice as to Music and Education 128 Various Places for Settlement 129 Advancement of the Missionary Cause 131 Exhortation to the King 133 II. Exploration and Settlement in New Mexico and in Adjacent Regions 135 The RodrIguez Expedition 135 1. Introduction 137 Declaration of Pedro de Bustamante 142 . License from the Viceroy Mendoza 142 Bustamante on the Purposes and Plans 143