Spain and the Process of European Integration, 1957–85

235 Pages·2000·0.956 MB·English

by  Julio Crespo MacLennan (auth.)

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Spain and the Process of
European Integration,
1957–85
Julio Crespo MacLennan
Senior Associate Member
St Antony’s College
in association with
St Antony’s College, Oxford
© Julio Crespo Maclennan 2000
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-92886-8
All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or
transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court
Road,London W1P 0LP.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
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as the author of this work in accordance with the
Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2000 by
PALGRAVE
Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and
175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world
PALGRAVEis the new global academic imprint of
St.Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and
Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd).
ISBN 978-1-349-42538-9 ISBN 978-1-4039-3267-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781403932679
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and
made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Maclennan,Julio Crespo,1970–
Spain and the process of European integration,1957–85 / Julio Crespo
Maclennan.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-349-42538-9
1.Spain—Politics and government—1939–1975.2.Spain—Politics and
government—1975– 3.Spain—Relations—Europe.4.Europe—Relations–
–Spain.5.European Economic Community—Spain.I.Title.
DP270 .M18 2000
327.4604'09'045—dc21
00–033355
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
To my parents, with gratitude
Since I began writing for the public I have hardly written a
page in which the word Europe does not appear with symbolic
aggression. For me, all Spanish afflictions begin and end with
this word.
José Ortega y Gasset, El Imparcial, 1909
Contents
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ix
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction 1
1 Spain and the Early Process of European
Integration, 1945–47 9
1. 1. The historical background: the concept of ‘Europe’ in
Spain 9
1. 2. The Franco regime and postwar Europe 14
1. 3. The role of Europeanism in Spanish politics 23
2 The Spanish Approach to the European
Community, 1957–62 37
2. 1. The Spanish reaction to the creation of the European
Community 37
2. 2. The reasons for Spain’s application to the European
Community and its impact on Spanish politics 40
2. 3. The application to the European Community and the
Spanish reaction 54
2. 4. The reaction in Europe 60
3 From the Congress of Munich to the Preferential
Agreement, 1962–70 65
3. 1. The Congress of Munich and its consequences 65
3. 2. The initiation of negotiations with the European
Community 70
3. 3. An alternative Europeanism 81
3. 4. The preferential agreement 88
4 The Crisis of the Franco Regime in European
Perspective, 1970–75 94
4. 1. The enlargement of the European Community and its
consequences 94
vii
4. 2. The increasing tension with Europe 98
4. 3. The democratic opposition and Europe 105
4. 4. The final crisis of the Franco regime 113
5 The Spanish Transition to Democracy and the
European Community, 1975–77 121
5. 1. The first government of the monarchy 123
5. 2. The European Community and the cause of democracy
in Spain 127
5. 3. The first Suarez government 136
5. 4. The first democratic elections 146
6 The Negotiations of Democratic Spain with the
European Community, 1977–85 150
6. 1. Beginning negotiations 150
6. 2. The Spanish political consensus in relation to the
European Community 154
6. 3. The stagnation of negotiations with the European
Community 159
6. 4. The Spanish political crisis and the attempted coup d’état 165
6. 5. Civil society and the European Community 169
6. 6. The Spanish Socialist Party in power 171
6. 7. The culmination of negotiations: Stuttgart, Athens and
Fontainebleau 174
Epilogue and Conclusion 180
The European Community as the external factor of change 182
Europeanism as a mechanism of domestic change 185
Chronology 189
Notes 191
Bibliography 208
Index 218
viii
List of Abbreviations and
Acronyms
ACNP Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas (National
Catholic Association of Propagandists)
AECE Asociación Española de Cooperación Europea(Spanish
Association for European Cooperation)
AGMAE Archivo General del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores(General
Archive of the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
AP Alianza Popular(Popular Alliance)
BOE Boletín Oficial del Estado(State’s Official Gazette)
CAP Common Agricultural Policy
CCOO Comisiones Obreras(Workers’ Commissions)
CDU German Christian Democratic Party
CEDI Centro Europeo de Documentación e Información (European
Centre of Documentation and Information)
CEOE Confederación Española de Organizaciones Empresariales
(Spanish Confederation of Business Organizations)
CEPYME Confederación Española de la Pequeña y Mediana
Empresa
CICE Comisión Interministerial para el estudio de las Comunidades
Europeas (Interministerial Commission for the Study of
the European Communities)
CIU Convergencia i unió (Catalan nationalist Christian
Democratic Party)
CNT Confederación Nacional de Trabajadores(Workers’ National
Confederation)
COREPER Committee of Permanent Representatives
CSU German Christian Social Union
DSCD Diario de Sesiones del Congreso de los Diputados (Spanish
Parliament debates)
EC European Community
ECDU European Christian Democratic Union
ECS German Conservative Party
ECSC European Coal and Steel Community
ECTU European Conference of Trade Unions
ECU European Currency Unit
EDCEE Equipo Democristiano del Estado Español (Christian
Democratic Group of the Spanish State)
ix