Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected

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MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE C3NC_NTRATIONS
FnR SELECTED AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS,
VOLUME 1 (NAS-NRC) 226 p Unclas
G3/lo 0027221
Spacecraft Maximum
Allowable Concentrations
for Selected Airborne
Contaminants
Volume 1
COMMI1WEE ON TOXICOI.OGY
NATIONAL RESEARCH cour'-,,I(FIL

Spacecraft Maximum Allowable
Concentrations for Selected
Airborne Contaminants
Volume 1
Subcommittee on Spacecraft Maximum
Allowable Concentrations
Committee on Toxicology
Board on Environmental Studies
and Toxicology
Commission on Life Sciences
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C., 1994
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418
NOTICE: The project that isthe subject of this report was approved by the Govermng Board of
the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National
Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The
members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies
and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, non-profit, self-perpetuating society of
distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance
of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the
charter granted to itby the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate thatrequires it to advise
the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the
National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It isautono-
mous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy
of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of
Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages
education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M.
White ispresident of the National Academy of Engineering.
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Dr. Kenneth I. Shine ispresident of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916
to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of
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services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The
Council isadministered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts
and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research
Council.
The project was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Adminislration Grant No.
NAGW-2239.
Copyright 1994 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Subcommittee on Spacecraft
Maximum Allowable Concentrations
DONALDE. GARDNER (Chair), ManTech Environmental Technology,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, N.C.
JOSEPH BRADY, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
RICHARD BULL, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash.
GARYP. CARLSON, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.
CHARLES E. FEIGLEY, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C.
MARY E. GAULDEN, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical
School, Dallas, Tex.
WILLIAM E. HALPER_, National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
ROGENEF. HENDERSON, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental
Research Institute, Albuquerque, N.Mex.
MARSHALL JOHNSON, Thomas Jefferson Medical College,
Philadelphia, Pa.
RALPHL. KODELL, National Center for Toxicological Research,
Jefferson, Ark.
ROBERTSNYDER, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
Institute, Piscataway, N.J.
BERNARDM. WAGNER, Wagner Associates, Millburn, N.J.
G. DONALD WHEDON, Consultant, Clearwater Beach, Fla.
GAROLDS. YOST, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
Staff
KULBm S. BAKSnI, Project Director and Program Director
RICHARD D. THOMAS, Program Director (until May 1994)
RUTHE. CROSSGROVE, Editor
CATHERINE M. KtraIK, Senior Program Assistant
NIANI StrrmtoJO, Project Assistant
Sponsor." National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1°°1,1

Committee on Toxicology
ROGENEF. HENDERSON(Chair), Lovelace Biomedical and
Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, N.Mex.
R. HAYSBELL, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y.
DEANE. CARTER, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
DEBORAHA. CORY-SLECHTA, University of Rochester School of
Medicine, Rochester, N.Y.
CHARLESEo FEIGLEY, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C.
DONALD E. GARDNER, ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, N.C.
DAVIDW. GAYLOR, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson,
Ark.
WALDERICO M. GENEROSO, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, Tenn.
IAN A. GREAVES, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
SIDNEY GREEN, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Md.
CAROLE Ao KIMMEL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C.
LOREN D. KOLLER, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg.
ERNESTEUGENEMCCONNELL, Raleigh, N.C.
MICHELE A. MEDINSKY, Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology,
Research Triangle Park, N.C.
ROBERTSNYDER, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.
BAILUSWALKER, JR., University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City,
Okla.
HANSPETERR. Wrrscm, University of California, Davis, Calif.
GERALDN. WOGAN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Mass.
GAROLDS. YOST, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Pi_a_K)(f_ PAGEJI__Ar_ I_T FN.MED
Staff of Committee on Toxicology
KULBIRS. BAKSltI, Program Director
RICHARD D. THOMAS, Program Director (until May 1994)
MARVIN A. SCI-INEmERMAN, Senior Staff Scientist
Rtrru E. CROSSGROVE,Editor
CATHERINE M. KUBIK, Senior Program Assistant
Rtrrrl P. DArqOF/r, Project Assistant (until November 1993)
NIANI SUTARDJO, Project Assistant
vi
Board on Environmental
Studies and Toxicology
PAUL G. RISSER (Chair), Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
FREDERICK R. ANDERSON, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft,
Washington, D.C.
MICHAEL J. BEAN, Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, D.C.
EULA BINGHAM,University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
EDWIN H. CLARK, Clean Sites, Inc., Alexandria, Va.
ALLAN H. CONNEY, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.
JOHNL. EMMERSON, Eli Lilly & Company, Greenfield, Ind.
ROBERT C. FORNEY, Unionville, Pa.
ROBERT A. FROSCH, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
KAI LEE, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.
JANELUBCHENCO, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Ore.
GORDON ORIANS, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
FRANK L. PARKER, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., and
Clemson University, Anderson, S.Car.
GEOFFREYPLACE, Hilton Head, S.Car.
DAVID P. RALL, Washington, D.C.
LESLIE A. REAL, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.
KRISTIN SHRADER-FRECI-IETTE, University of South Florida, Tampa,
Fla.
GERALDVANBELLE, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
BAILUSWALKER, JR., Washington, D.C.
vii
Staff of Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
JAMESJ. REISA_ Director
DAVIDJ. POLICANSKY, Associate Director and Program Director for
Natural Resources and Applied Ecology
GAIn CHARNLEY, Acting Program Director for Human Toxicology
and Risk Assessment (since May 1994)
RICHARD D. THOMAS, Associate Director and Program Director for
Human Toxicology and Risk Assessment (until May 1994)
LEE R. PA_N, Program Director for Information Systems and
Statistics
RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Program Director for Environmental
Sciences and Engineering
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