Space Science and Communication for Sustainability PDF
Preview Space Science and Communication for Sustainability
Wayan Suparta Mardina Abdullah Mahamod Ismail E ditors Space Science and Communication for Sustainability Space Science and Communication for Sustainability Wayan Suparta Mardina Abdullah (cid:129) Mahamod Ismail Editors Space Science and Communication for Sustainability 123 Editors WayanSuparta MahamodIsmail Department ofElectrical Engineering Department ofElectrical, Electronic and SanataDharma University SystemsEngineering, Faculty of Yogyakarta EngineeringandBuilt Environment Indonesia Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia Bangi Mardina Abdullah Malaysia Institute of Climate Change,Space Science Centre Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia Bangi Malaysia ISBN978-981-10-6573-6 ISBN978-981-10-6574-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6574-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017952532 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721,Singapore Preface This book highlights the field of space science and communications. This field is oneofthepillarsofsustainabledevelopmentfromthestudyofEarthSciencestothe form of space science. Research and development (R & D) in this field plays a crucial role in sustainability development. The space issue is always relevant. Obtaining essential data from the physical world to interpret the universe and to predict what will happen in the future is very challenging. Valid information to understandtrends,evaluateneeds,andcreatesustainabledevelopmentpoliciesand programs in the best interest of all people is indispensable. This book discusses in detail the latest application of space science and space technology as summarized in the working group of space science and communi- cation.Inthisworkinggroup,somemodernsystemswithhighaccuracyhavebeen exploredtoenhancetheircapabilitytoworkinthevastatmospherefromtheEarth’s surface to the development of antennas for the study of space science. Thiscontributedvolumepresents28selectedpapersfromthe2017International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace2017). The book is divided into three scientific sections: (i) Atmospheric Physics, (ii) Environmental Sciences and Remote Sensing, and (iii) Communication Systems and Space Technology. It is addressed to professors, postgraduate students, scientists and engineers who are taking part in R & D in areas such as meteorological applica- tions, environmental monitoring,space weather, and materials for antenna systems based on wide applications in various fields of science and technology. Yogyakarta, Indonesia Wayan Suparta v Contents CharacterizationofLightningEnergyDuringSummerandWinterof 2014–2015 Over the Antarctic Peninsula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Wayan Suparta and Siti Khalijah Zainudin Parametric Studies of ANFIS Family Capability for Thunderstorm Prediction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Wayan Suparta and Wahyu Sasongko Putro PerformanceandEvaluationofEightCloudModelsonEarth—Space Path for a Tropical Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Temidayo Victor Omotosho, Oladimeji Mustapha Adewusi, Marvel Lola Akinyemi, Sayo Akinloye Akinwunmi, Oluwafumilayo Oluwayemisi Ometan and Williams A. Ayara ComparisonofInsituObservation,NOAA-AIRSSatelliteandMACC Model on Surface Ozone Over the Ushuaia, Southern Ocean and Antarctic Peninsula Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 M.S.M. Nadzir, M.F. Khan, W. Suparta and S.K. Zainudin A Brief Review: Response of the Ionosphere to Solar Activity Over Malaysia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Siti Aminah Bahari and Mardina Abdullah TheTimeDerivativeoftheHorizontalGeomagneticFieldfortheLow Latitude MAGDAS Langkawi Station for the Estimation of Geomagnetically Induced Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Farah Adilah Mohd Kasran, Mohamad Huzaimy Jusoh, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Zahira Mohd. Radzi and MAGDAS/CPMN Group Comparison of Measured and Predicted HF Operating Frequencies During Low Solar Activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Rafidah Abd Malik, Mardina Abdullah, Sabirin Abdullah and Mariyam Jamilah Homam vii viii Contents Ionospheric TEC Response to the Partial Solar Eclipse Over the Malaysian Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Rohaida Mat Akir, Mardina Abdullah, Kalaivani Chellappan and Siti Aminah Bahari Effect of Geomagnetic Storms on Fluctuations of Total Electron Content at an Equatorial Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Siti Zainab Hamzah and Mariyam Jamilah Homam Analysis of Critical Frequency Measured from Ionosonde System During Low Solar Activity in Malaysia Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Sabirin Abdullah and Ahmad Faizal Mohd Zain Comparison Between UKMtrapcast and SPENVIS in Forecasting Distribution of High Energy Protons in the SAA Region . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Gusrizal, Wayan Suparta and Karel Kudela SpaceWeatherMonitoringSystemCompetitionforSecondarySchool Students in Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 MardinaAbdullah,RosadahAbdMajid,BadariahBais,NorSyaidahBahri and Mohd Hezri Mokhtar Current Status of Radio Astronomy in University of Malaya . . . . . . . . 147 Zamri Zainal Abidin and Zainol Abidin Ibrahim GPSPWVandItsResponsetoENSOActivitiesintheWesternPacific Region During 2009–2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Wayan Suparta, Ahmad Iskandar and Ford Lumban Gaol Impact of Sea Level Rise on the Coastal Ecosystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 KhairulNizamAbdulMaulud,FazlyAmriMohd,WanHannaMeliniWan Mohtar, Othman Jaafar and Yannie Anak Benson Manifestation of SVM-Based Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) Kernel Function in Landslide Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Biswajeet Pradhan and Maher Ibrahim Sameen Subsurface Structural Pattern Distributions of the Magnetic Anomalies in Part of the Nigerian South-Western Precambrian Basement Complex for Sustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 John Stephen Kayode, Mohd Nawawi Mohd Nordin and Khiruddin Abdullah The Measurement of Solar Ultraviolet Ambient Dose Using EBT3 Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Intan Nadia Mohammad Saleh, Ummi Shuhada Osman and Ahmad Fairuz Omar Contents ix OpenPlatformOrbitDeterminationSystemsUsingaMixtureofOrbit Estimator and Orbit Propagator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Hilmi Sanusi and Wayan Suparta Deployment Challenges and Co-tier Interference Management Techniques for Ultra-dense Femtocell Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Ibrahim Shgluof, Mahamod Ismail, Rosdiadee Nordin, Nor Fadzilah Abdullah and Azizul Azizan Design and Analysis of an Optimized S-shaped Resonator Based Triple Band Microstrip Antenna for Satellite Applications . . . . . . . . . . 253 Md.NaimurRahman,GanKokBeng,Md.Samsuzzaman,TouhidulAlam and Mohammad Tariqul Islam Negative-µ Metamaterial-Based Stacked Antenna for 1U CubeSat Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Farhad Bin Ashraf, Touhidul Alam, Mengu Cho, Norbahiah Misran and Mohammad Tariqul Islam Performance Analysis of an X-Band Circular Polarized Antenna for Nanosatellite Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Touhidul Alam, Mandeep Singh Jit Singh, Mengu Cho and Mohammad Tariqul Islam A Reflector Type 3D Triband Directional Antenna for CubeSat Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Md. Amanath Ullah, Farhad Bin Ashraf, Touhidul Alam, Mohd Tarmizi Ali and Mohammad Tariqul Islam An Effective Medium Ratio Obeying Wideband Left-Handed Meta- Atom for Multiband Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Mohammad Jakir Hossain, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque and Mohammad Tariqul Islam A Terahertz Meta-Surface with Left-Handed Characteristics for Absorbing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Md. Mehedi Hasan, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque and Mohammad Tariqul Islam Microstrip Feed Slotted Ground Antenna with Parasitic Element for UWB Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Girish Awadhwal and Ali Bostani Bee-Comb-Shape Left-Handed Metamaterial for Terahertz Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Md. Mehedi Hasan, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Mohammad Tariqul Islam and Sikder Sunbeam Islam Characterization of Lightning Energy – During Summer and Winter of 2014 2015 Over the Antarctic Peninsula Wayan Suparta and Siti Khalijah Zainudin Abstract The aim of this paper is to characterize the lightning energy over the Antarctic Peninsula through the distribution of PWV, precipitation rate and the events that occur. Calculation of PWV is made by using a two-year-period of surfacemeteorologicaldata(pressure,temperature,andrelativehumidity)anddata during summer and winter are analyzed. To strengthen the analysis, data for the precipitation rate and events with the most lightning strike occurrence in the summer and winter during the daytime were compared. Analysis showed that lightningstrikesmostlyoccurduringthewintermorningwithanaverageenergyof 8,120.46 J.PWVdistributiononthemapshowedthatthevalueofPWVishighat locations where there is a higher concentration of lightning strikes. There are also increasesofprecipitationrateafewhoursbeforeandaftertheeventsalongwiththe occurrence of snow, rain, and fog. 1 Introduction Antarctica is located at the South Pole, at latitudes between 60°S to 90°S and longitudes of 180°W to 180°E which contribute to its extreme conditions of low temperatureandprecipitation.Thepresenceofprecipitationeventsisaccompanied by the discharge of electricity when the thundercloud releases its excess electrical W.Suparta(&)(cid:1)S.K.Zainudin SpaceScienceCentre(ANGKASA),InstituteofClimateChange,UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia,43600Bangi,SelangorDarulEhsan,Malaysia e-mail:[email protected];[email protected] W.Suparta NationalAntarcticResearchCenter(NARC),UniversityofMalaya,50603KualaLumpur, Malaysia W.Suparta DeptofElectricalEngineering,SanataDharmaUniversity,Yogyakarta55282,Indonesia ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2018 1 W.Supartaetal.(eds.),SpaceScienceandCommunicationforSustainability, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6574-3_1 2 W.SupartaandS.K.Zainudin charge. Most lightning strikes occur in tropical areas and formations of thunder- storms are very few in Antarctica to the point that almost nothing happens. However, a lightning strike was recorded on a Sunday morning at Casey station. Before thestrike, there was a period ofintenselow pressurewithgale-force winds and blizzards, followed by a thunderstorm half an hour later [1]. At the South Pole, summer begins in December and ends in February and fall comes in between March and May. Winter occurs from June until August while spring occurs from September to November. The highest temperature was 17.5 °C whichwasrecordedatHopeBay,AntarcticPeninsulawhilethelowesttemperature of−89.2 °CwasrecordedatVostokstationin1983[2].Morerecently,Vizcarra[3] reported a lowest temperature of −92 °C to −94 °C as obtained from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). However, the specific process and measure- ments of the drastic changes in temperature are still unknown. The aim of this paper is to study the meteorological characteristics during the eventofalightningstrikeinsummerandwinterovertheAntarcticPeninsulafrom 2014 to 2015. This will highlight whether lightning occurs due to extreme tem- peratures or as a result of another meteorological parameter. The results obtained will be beneficial in improving weather forecasting. 2 Methodology 2.1 Data and Location The meteorological data (pressure, temperature and relative humidity) were obtained from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) at https://legacy.bas.ac.uk/cgi- bin/metdb-form-1.pl, while the lightning data were obtained from the World Wide LightningLocationNetwork(WWLLN).Theprecipitationratewastakenfromtwo sources,whichwereGlobalPrecipitationMeasurement(GPM)andNASATropical RainfallMeasurementMission(TRMM).ThesecanbefoundattheGoddardEarth SciencesDataandInformationServicesCenter.ThemainsourceofdatawasGPM, however, data for 2014 were lacking. Hence, data from TRMM was used to complete the missing data. On the other hand, the precipitation events were obtained from Weather Underground at https://www.wunderground.com/. The meteorological data used for this study were collected from Base San Martin,BaseMarambio,BernardoO’Higgins,ButlerIsland,CarliniBase(formerly known as Base Jubany), Fossil Bluff, Palmer and Rothera stations. These stations are located in the Antarctic Peninsula. Figure 1 shows the locations of the mete- orological stations (red circle) and lightning sensors (blue triangle) while the geographical coordinates of the meteorological stations are listed in Table 1. The lightningandprecipitationratedatawerecollectedfromanareaatlatitudesof59°E to 80°E and longitudes of 53°S to 86°S. Weather Underground provided the pre- cipitation events at Marambio, O’Higgins, Carlini, Fossil Bluff, Palmer, and
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