Table Of Content

Geophysical Monograph Series Geophysical Monograph Series 212 TheEarlyEarth:AccretionandDifferentiationJamesBadro 237 PetroleumEngineeringMoshoodSanni(Ed.) andMichaelWalter(Eds.) 238 GeologicalCarbonStorage:SubsurfaceSealsandCaprock 213 GlobalVegetationDynamics:ConceptsandApplicationsin IntegrityStephanieVialle,JonathanAjo-Franklin,andJ. theMC1ModelDominiqueBacheletandDavid WilliamCarey(Eds.) Turner(Eds.) 239 LithosphericDiscontinuitiesHuaiyuYuanandBarbara 214 ExtremeEvents:Observations,ModelingandEconomics Romanowicz(Eds.) MarioChavez,MichaelGhil,andJaimeUrrutia- 240 ChemostratigraphyAcrossMajorChronologicalEras Fucugauchi(Eds.) AlcidesN.Sial,ClaudioGaucher,Muthuvairavasamy 215 AuroralDynamicsandSpaceWeatherYongliangZhangand Ramkumar,andValderezPintoFerreira(Eds.) LarryPaxton(Eds.) 241 MathematicalGeoenergy:Discovery,Depletion,and 216 Low-FrequencyWavesinSpacePlasmasAndreasKeiling, RenewalPaulPukite,DennisCoyne,andDaniel Dong-HunLee,andValeryNakariakov(Eds.) Challou(Eds.) 217 DeepEarth:PhysicsandChemistryoftheLowerMantleand 242 OreDeposits:Origin,Exploration,andExploitationSophie CoreHidenoriTerasakiandRebeccaA.Fischer(Eds.) DecreeandLaurenceRobb(Eds.) 218 IntegratedImagingoftheEarth:TheoryandApplications 243 KuroshioCurrent:Physical,BiogeochemicalandEcosystem MaxMoorkamp,PeterG.Lelievre,NiklasLinde,andAmir DynamicsTakeyoshiNagai,HiroakiSaito,KojiSuzuki,and Khan(Eds.) MotomitsuTakahashi(Eds.) 219 PlateBoundariesandNaturalHazardsJoaoDuarteand 244 GeomagneticallyInducedCurrentsfromtheSuntothe WouterSchellart(Eds.) PowerGridJenniferL.Gannon,AndreiSwidinsky,and 220 IonosphericSpaceWeather:LongitudeandHemispheric ZhonghuaXu(Eds.) DependencesandLowerAtmosphereForcingTimothy 245 Shale:SubsurfaceScienceandEngineeringThomasDewers, Fuller-Rowell,EndawokeYizengaw,PatriciaH.Doherty, JasonHeath,andMarceloSánchez(Eds.) andSunandaBasu(Eds.) 246 SubmarineLandslides:SubaqueousMassTransportDeposits 221 TerrestrialWaterCycleandClimateChangeNaturaland FromOutcropstoSeismicProfilesKeiOgata,AndreaFesta, Human-InducedImpactsQiuhongTangandTaikan andGianAndreaPini(Eds.) Oki(Eds.) 247 Iceland:Tectonics,Volcanics,andGlacialFeaturesTamieJ. 222 Magnetosphere-IonosphereCouplingintheSolarSystem Jovanelly CharlesR.Chappell,RobertW.Schunk,PeterM.Banks, 248 DaysideMagnetosphereInteractionsQiugangZong, JamesL.Burch,andRichardM.Thorne(Eds.) PhilippeEscoubet,DavidSibeck,GuanLe,andHui 223 NaturalHazardUncertaintyAssessment:Modelingand Zhang(Eds.) DecisionSupportKarinRiley,PeterWebley,andMatthew 249 CarboninEarth’sInteriorCraigE.Manning,Jung-FuLin,and Thompson(Eds.) WendyL.Mao(Eds.) 224 HydrodynamicsofTime-PeriodicGroundwaterFlow: 250 NitrogenOverload:EnvironmentalDegradation, DiffusionWavesinPorousMediaJoeS.DepnerandToddC. Ramifications,andEconomicCostsBrianG.Katz Rasmussen(Auth.) 251 BiogeochemicalCycles:EcologicalDriversand 225 ActiveGlobalSeismologyIbrahimCemenandYucel EnvironmentalImpactKaterinaDontsova,Zsuzsanna Yilmaz(Eds.) Balogh-Brunstad,andGaëlLeRoux(Eds.) 226 ClimateExtremesSimonWang(Ed.) 252 SeismoelectricExploration:Theory,Experiments,and 227 FaultZoneDynamicProcessesMarionThomas(Ed.) ApplicationsNielsGrobbe,AndréRevil,ZhenyaZhu,and 228 FloodDamageSurveyandAssessment:NewInsightsfrom EvertSlob(Eds.) ResearchandPracticeDanielaMolinari,SciraMenoni,and 253 ElNiñoSouthernOscillationinaChangingClimateMichael FrancescoBallio(Eds.) J.McPhaden,AgusSantoso,andWenjuCai(Eds.) 229 Water-Energy-FoodNexus–PrinciplesandPracticesP. 254 DynamicMagmaEvolutionFrancescoVetere(Ed.) AbdulSalam,SangamShrestha,VishnuPrasadPandey,and 255 LargeIgneousProvinces:ADriverofGlobalEnvironmental AnilKAnal(Eds.) andBioticChangesRichard.E.Ernst,AlexanderJ.Dickson, 230 Dawn–DuskAsymmetriesinPlanetaryPlasmaEnvironments andAndreyBekker(Eds.) SteinHaaland,AndreiRounov,andColinForsyth(Eds.) 256 CoastalEcosystemsinTransition:AComparativeAnalysisof 231 BioenergyandLandUseChangeZhangcaiQin,Umakant theNorthernAdriaticandChesapeakeBayThomasC. Mishra,andAstleyHastings(Eds.) Malone,AlenkaMalej,andJadranFaganeli(Eds.) 232 MicrostructuralGeochronology:PlanetaryRecordsDown 257 Hydrogeology,ChemicalWeathering,andSoilFormation toAtomScaleDesmondMoser,FernandoCorfu,James AllenHunt,MarkusEgli,andBorisFaybishenko(Eds.) Darling,StevenReddy,andKimberlyTait(Eds.) 258 SolarPhysicsandSolarWindNourE.RaouafiandAngelos 233 GlobalFloodHazard:ApplicationsinModeling,Mapping Vourlidas(Eds.) andForecastingGuySchumann,PaulD.Bates,GiuseppeT. 259 MagnetospheresintheSolarSystemRomainMaggiolo, Aronica,andHeikoApel(Eds.) NicolasAndré,HiroshiHasegawa,andDanielT. 234 Pre-EarthquakeProcesses:AMultidisciplinaryApproachto Welling(Eds.) EarthquakePredictionStudiesDimitarOuzounov,Sergey 260 IonosphereDynamicsandApplicationsChaosongHuang Pulinets,KatsumiHattori,andPatrickTaylor(Eds.) andGangLu(Eds.) 235 ElectricCurrentsinGeospaceandBeyondAndreasKeiling, 261 UpperAtmosphereDynamicsandEnergeticsWenbinWang OctavMarghitu,andMichaelWheatland(Eds.) andYongliangZhang(Eds.) 236 QuantifyingUncertaintyinSubsurfaceSystemsCeline Scheidt,LewisLi,andJefCaers(Eds.) Space Physics and Aeronomy Collection Volume 2 Geophysical Monograph 259 Magnetospheres in the Solar System Romain Maggiolo Nicolas André Hiroshi Hasegawa Daniel T. Welling Editors Yongliang Zhang Larry J. Paxton Collection Editors in Chief This Work is a co-publication of the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Thiseditionfirstpublished2021 ©2021AmericanGeophysicalUnion Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorby anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Adviceonhowtoobtain permissiontoreusematerialfromthistitleisavailableathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. TherightofRomainMaggiolo,NicolasAndré,HiroshiHasegawa,andDanielT.Wellingtobeidentifiedastheeditorofthiswork hasbeenassertedinaccordancewithlaw. Published underthe aegis ofthe AGU Publications Committee BrooksHanson,ExecutiveVicePresident,Science CarolFrost,Chair,PublicationsCommittee FordetailsabouttheAmericanGeophysicalUnionvisitusatwww.agu.org RegisteredOffice JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA EditorialOffice 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,customerservices,andmoreinformationaboutWileyproductsvisitusatwww.wiley.com. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformatsandbyprint-on-demand.Somecontentthatappearsinstandardprint versionsofthisbookmaynotbeavailableinotherformats. 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Thisworkissoldwiththeunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Theadviceand strategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaspecialistwhereappropriate.Further, readersshouldbeawarethatwebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenand whenitisread.Neitherthepublishernorauthorsshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbut notlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Maggiolo,Romain,editor.|André,Nicolas,1977–editor.| Hasegawa,Hiroshi,1974–editor.|Welling,DanielT.,editor. Title:Magnetospheresinthesolarsystem/RomainMaggiolo,Nicolas André,HiroshiHasegawa,DanielT.Welling,editors. Description:Hoboken,NJ:Wiley-AmericanGeophysicalUnion,[2021]| Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2020045732|ISBN9781119507529(cloth)|ISBN9781119829980(adobepdf)|ISBN 9781119815648(epub) Subjects:LCSH:Magnetosphere.|Planets–Magnetospheres. Classification:LCCQC809.M35M322021|DDC538/.766–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020045732 CoverDesign:Wiley CoverImage:©MarcWard/Shutterstock Setin10/12ptTimesNewRomanbySPiGlobal,Pondicherry,India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS List of Contributors..................................................................................................................................................ix Preface...................................................................................................................................................................xvi Part I: The Earth Magnetosphere...............................................................................................................................1 1 A Brief History ofthe Magnetosphere..............................................................................................................3 David J.Southwood 2 Large-ScaleStructureand Dynamics ofthe Magnetosphere.........................................................................15 David G. Sibeck and Kyle R. Murphy 3 The Equations ofthe Magnetosphere.............................................................................................................37 Herbert Gunell Part II: Fundamental Processes...............................................................................................................................47 4 Magnetic Reconnectionin the Near-Earth Magnetotail.................................................................................49 Tsugunobu Nagai 5 Turbulenceand Complexity ofMagnetospheric Plasmas...............................................................................67 Marius Echim, Tom Chang, Peter Kovacs, Anna Wawrzaszek, Emiliya Yordanova, YasuhitoNarita, Zoltan Vörös, Roberto Bruno,Wieslaw Macek, Kalevi Mursula, and Giuseppe Consolini 6 Wave–Particle Interactionsin the Earth’s Magnetosphere............................................................................93 Richard M. Thorne, Jacob Bortnik, Wen Li, and Qianli Ma 7 Cross-Scale Energy Transport in Space Plasmas: Applications tothe Magnetopause Boundary.................109 Katariina Nykyri, Xuanye Ma, and Jay Johnson Part III: SolarWind–Magnetosphere Coupling.....................................................................................................123 8 Solar Wind Interaction with Earth’s Bow Shock..........................................................................................125 Georges. K.Parks,Ensang Lee, Zhongwei W. Yang, Naiguo Lin, Suiyan Y. Fu,and Ying Liu 9 The Magnetosheath......................................................................................................................................137 Yasuhito Narita, Ferdinand Plaschke,and Zoltán Vörös 10 Dayside Magnetopause Processes................................................................................................................153 Stephen A. Fuselier 11 The Polar Cusps of the Earth’s Magnetosphere............................................................................................163 Benoit Lavraudand Karlheinz J.Trattner 12 The Earth’s Low-Latitude Boundary Layer....................................................................................................177 Takuma K.M. Nakamura v vi CONTENTS Part IV: Magnetosphere–IonosphereCoupling.....................................................................................................193 13 Field-Aligned Currents in the Magnetosphere–Ionosphere..........................................................................195 Hermann Lührand Guram Kervalishvili 14 Ionospheric Ion Acceleration and Transport................................................................................................207 Andrew W. Yau, Takumi Abe, Mats André, Andrew D.Howarth, and William K.Peterson 15 Cold Ionospheric Ions in theMagnetosphere..............................................................................................219 Mats André, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, and Andrew W. Yau 16 Magnetosphere–IonosphereCoupling ofPrecipitating Electronsand Ionospheric Conductance...............229 George V. Khazanov, David G.Sibeck, andMike Chu Part V: The Dynamic Magnetosphere...................................................................................................................243 17 Magnetotail Processes..................................................................................................................................245 Joachim Birn, Andrei Runov, and Yuri Khotyaintsev 18 The Active Magnetosphere:Substorms and Storms.....................................................................................277 Yukitoshi Nishimura and Larry R.Lyons 19 The Northward IMFMagnetosphere............................................................................................................293 Robert C. Fear 20 A Brief Review of the Ring Current and Outstanding Problems..................................................................311 Raluca Ilie, Muhammad Fraz Bashir, and Elena A. Kronberg 21 Source, Loss, and Transport of Energetic Particles Deep Inside Earth’s Magnetosphere (L <4)..................323 Xinlin Li, Richard S. Selesnick, Hong Zhao, Daniel N. Baker, J. Bernard Blake, and Michael A. Temerin 22 The Plasmasphere: Its Interactionsand Dynamics.......................................................................................335 Fabien Darrouzet, Dennis L. Gallagher,and Johan De Keyser 23 Impact ofIonospheric Ions on Magnetospheric Dynamics..........................................................................353 Elina A. Kronberg, Elena E. Grigorenko, Raluca Ilie, Lynn Kistler, and DanWelling Part VI: Planetary Magnetic Fields........................................................................................................................365 24 Planetary Magnetic Fields.............................................................................................................................367 Karl-Heinz Glassmeier and Daniel Heyner Part VII: Induced Magnetospheres........................................................................................................................391 25 Induced Magnetospheres:Mars....................................................................................................................393 Jasper S. Halekas,Janet G.Luhmann, Eduard Dubinin, and Yingjuan Ma 26 Induced Magnetospheres:Titan...................................................................................................................407 César Bertucci 27 Birth of aMagnetosphere.............................................................................................................................427 Hans Nilsson, Etienne Behar, James L. Burch,Christopher M. Carr, Anders I.Eriksson, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Pierre Henri, MarinaGaland, Charlotte Goetz, Herbert Gunell, and Tomas Karlsson 28 Induced Magnetospheres:Atmospheric Escape...........................................................................................441 David A. Brain CONTENTS vii Part VIII: GiantPlanet Magnetospheres................................................................................................................453 29 The Magnetodisk Regions of Jupiter and Saturn..........................................................................................455 Nicholas Achilleos, Patick Guio, Flavien Hardy, Chris Paranicas, and Arianna M. Sorba 30 Fast Rotating Magnetospheres:Jupiter and Saturn Plasma Sources, Loss and Transport............................471 Abigail M. Rymer 31 Gas Giant Magnetosphere–Ionosphere–Thermosphere Coupling................................................................485 Licia C. Ray and Japheth N.Yates 32 The Radiation Belts ofJupiter and Saturn....................................................................................................499 Elias Roussos and Peter Kollmann 33 Asymmetrical Magnetospheres: Uranus and Neptune.................................................................................515 Christopher S. Arridge and Carol Paty Part IX: Mini-magnetospheres and Moon–Magnetosphere Interactions...............................................................535 34 A Dungey Cycle in the Life of Mercury’s Magnetosphere...........................................................................537 James A. Slavin, Suzanne M. Imber, and Jim M. Raines 35 The Magnetosphere of Ganymede...............................................................................................................557 Xianzhe Jia andMargaretG. Kivelson 36 Overview ofMoon–Magnetosphere Interactions.........................................................................................575 Joachim Saur Part X:Investigating Magnetospheric Processes...................................................................................................595 37 GlobalSimulations........................................................................................................................................597 Joachim Raeder, Kai Germaschewski, William D. Cramer, and John Lyon 38 Kinetic Modeling in theMagnetosphere......................................................................................................607 Stefano Markidis, VyacheslavOlshevsky, Gábor Tóth, Yuxi Chen,Ivy Bo Peng, Giovanni Lapenta, and Tamas Gombosi 39 Data-Based Modeling ofthe Earth’s Magnetic Field....................................................................................617 Nikolai Tsyganenko, Varvara Andreeva, Marina Kubyshkina, Mikhail Sitnov, and Grant Stephens 40 Multispacecraft Measurements InThe Magnetosphere...............................................................................637 Malcolm W. Dunlop, TieYan Wang, XiangCheng Dong,SteinHaarland,QuanQi Shi,HuiShanFu, Johan De Keyser, Chao Shen, ZhaoJin Rong,Christophe Phillippe Escoubet, ZuYin Pu, and Jonathan Eastwood 41 Exploring Small Scales with MMS................................................................................................................657 James L. Burchand Kyoung-JooHwang 42 GlobalEnergetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imaging ofMagnetospheres............................................................673 Pontus C. Brandt 43 Laboratory Experiments: Putting Spaceinto theLab...................................................................................699 Mark Koepke viii CONTENTS Part XI: FutureDirections.....................................................................................................................................715 44 Challenges in Modeling the Outer Magnetosphere......................................................................................717 Gábor Tóth, Yuxi Chen, Zhenguang Huang, and Bart van der Holst 45 DoesaMagnetosphere Protect theIonosphere?..........................................................................................729 Romain Maggiolo and Herbert Gunell 46 Some Unsolved Problems of MagnetosphericPhysics.................................................................................743 Michael H. Denton 47 Instigators ofFuture Change in Magnetospheric Research..........................................................................753 Michael W. Liemohn, Amy M. Keesee, L. Kepko, and Mark B.Moldwin Index......................................................................................................................................................................765